Inoshanda Chiyero uye Mafambiro eCyanidation Vat Leaching Nzira yeMigodhi yeGoridhe

1. ziviso

The Cyanidation vat leaching nzira inzira yakakosha mukucherwa kwegoridhe pakuchera goridhe kubva mumatombo. Iyi nzira ine chiyero chayo chakanangana uye nhevedzano yematanho akanyatsotsanangurwa, ayo anoita basa rakakosha mukutorwa kwakanaka kwezviwanikwa zvegoridhe.

2. Applicable Scope

2.1 Ore Particle Saizi Inodiwa

Ore dzegoridhe dzakakodzerwa nenzira yevat leaching kazhinji ine yakanaka - yegoridhe kuparadzira. Kana zvimedu zvegoridhe zviri muore zvakanyanya kunaka, zvinonetsa kuzvipatsanura kuburikidza nenzira dzakareruka dzekuparadzanisa dzemuviri dzakaita sekupatsanurwa kwegiravhiti. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, iyo cyanidation vat leaching nzira inogona kushandiswa. Semuenzaniso, mune imwe oxide - mhando yegoridhe ores, goridhe rinowanzo kuve riri muchimiro chezviyo zvakatsetseka, izvo zvinogona kunyatsogadziriswa nevat leaching.

2.2 Ore Giredhi Inodiwa

Iyi nzira inonyanya kukodzera kune yakaderera - giredhi kana Ultra - yakaderera - giredhi goridhe ores. Kune epamusoro-giredhi goridhe ores, inoshanda zvakanyanya uye shoma nguva - inopedza nzira dzekuchera dzinogona kusarudzwa. Nekudaro, kune yakaderera-giredhi ores apo iyo yegoridhe yemukati paunit huwandu hweore yakadzikira, iyo vat leaching nzira inogona kuramba ichiwana kutorwa kwehupfumi mune mamwe mamiriro. Mutengo wakaderera weiyo vat leaching process inoita kuti ive sarudzo inoshanda yekugadzirisa ores akadaro.

2.3 Ore Permeability Chinodiwa

Ores ine hushoma permeability akakodzerawo vat leaching. Kana iyo ore iine kupenya kwakanaka, iyo cyanide mhinduro inogona kuyerera nepakati pesimbi nekukasira, zvichikonzera kusakwana nguva yekubatana pakati pecyanide negoridhe, nekudaro kudzikisa mwero wegoridhe. Mukupesana, kune ores ine kushomeka kwekupinda, iyo vat leaching nzira inogona kudzora kuyerera uye nguva yekubata yecyanide mhinduro muore kuti ive nechokwadi chemhedzisiro iri nani. Semuyenzaniso, iron oxide - capping - type ores ine yakanaka - grained gold uye oxidized quartz - vein - type ores ine yakatsetseka - yegoridhe yakaomeswa kazhinji ine yakashata permeability uye yakanyatsokodzera vat leaching. Iyo vat leaching nzira inogona kuwana beneficiation kudzoreredza mwero we70 - 90% kune akadaro ores.

3. Process Flow

3.1 Gadziriro yeMavheti ekuLeaching

Iyo leaching vats inoshandiswa mukugadzirisa kazhinji inogadzirwa nezvinhu zvakaita sehuni, simbi, kana kongiri. Pazasi pevheti inogona kunge yakati sandara kana kurerekera zvishoma, uye chimiro chinogona kunge chakatenderera, rectangular, kana sikweya. Mukati mevheti, pasi penhema yakagadzirwa neperforated acid - mahwendefa anopikisa anoiswa. Mucheka wesefa unoiswa pazasi penhema, uye girasi rakagadzirwa nematanda emapuranga kana ngura - simbi inodzivirira inoputirwa pajira resefa. Pasi penhema rinoshandiswa kusefa nekutsigira simbi. Usati watanga nzira yekucheka, zvinodikanwa kuve nechokwadi kuti mavhati, kunyanya echivharo vheti uye varombo - yemvura vat, haipindiki uye yakaoma.

3.2 Ore Pretreatment - Kupwanya nekuongorora

Iyo yakacherwa goridhe - inobereka ores inoda kupwanyiwa kune imwe particle size. Chekutanga, maores anodyiswa mudanho rekupwanya kuti rive nyore kuparadzaniswa. Zvichienderana nesaizi inodiwa ore particle size, kune akakasharara - kupwanya, epakati - kupwanya, uye zvakanaka - kupwanya mashandiro. Kazhinji, jaya rinopwanya rinoshandiswa kune coarse - kupwanya, izvo zvinogona kuderedza particle size kusvika pa50 - 100mm. Zvadaro, cone crusher inoshandiswa kune yepakati-kupwanya uye yakanaka-kupwanya mashandiro, kuderedza saizi yechikamu kusvika ku5 - 25mm. Mushure mekupwanya, ores anotariswa nechidzitiro chinozunguza kuti ive nechokwadi chekukura kwechikamu chakafanana. Coarse - grained ores iyo isingaite zvinodiwa inodzoserwa kune crusher yekupwanyazve, uye akakodzera - saizi ores anopinda nhanho inotevera.

3.3 Leaching process

1. Kuisa Ores muVat: Iyo yakapwanyika uye yakavharidzirwa ores inotakurwa mu leaching vat.

2. Kugadzirira Kugadziriswa kweLeaching Solution: Muhurombo - mvura vheti, alkaline cyanide mhinduro inogadzirwa seyo leaching agent. Iko kusungirirwa kweiyo cyanide mhinduro kunowanzo kudzorwa mukati meimwe nhanho, kazhinji 0.05% - 0.1%, iyo inotemerwa kuburikidza nekuyedza zvichienderana neiyo ore zvivakwa. Uku kusungirirwa kunogona kuve nechokwadi chekutorwa kwegoridhe kwakanaka uku ichideredza kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza.

3. Leaching Operation: Iyo yakagadziriswa leaching solution inopombwa mu leaching vat. Munguva ye leaching process, iyo leaching solution inopinda zvishoma nezvishoma kuburikidza neore layer. Iyo goridhe iri mu ore inopindirana ne cyanide mune mhinduro pasi pekuita kweokisijeni (kazhinji, mweya unopinzwa muvat). Mushonga mukuru wemakemikari equation ndewekuti: \(4Au + 8NaCN+O_2 + 2H_2O = 4Na[Au(CN)_2]+4NaOH\). Mukuita uku, goridhe rinogadzira goridhe rinonyungudika - cyanide complexes uye inonyungudika mumhinduro. Nguva yekurebesa yakarebesa, kazhinji kubva pamazuva akati wandei kusvika kumavhiki akati wandei, zvichienderana nezvinhu zvakaita sechimiro cheore, kukura kwechidimbu cheore, uye kuwanda kwemhinduro yekudonha. Munguva yekuita leaching, zvinodikanwa kuti ugare uchiona kusungirirwa kweiyo leaching mhinduro, iyo pH kukosha kwemhinduro, uye yegoridhe yemukati mumhinduro kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti leaching reaction inoenderera pasi pemamiriro akanyanya.

3.4 Kupatsanurwa kweGoridhe - Bearing Solution (Rich - Liquid)

Kana iyo leaching inosvika pane imwe nguva uye kuburikidza nekuona, kana iyo yekumisikidza uye giredhi remvura inosangana nezvinodiwa, iyo goridhe-inotakura mhinduro (yakapfuma - yemvura) inoburitswa kubva pasi pevheti. Iyo yakapfuma - mvura ine goridhe rakanyungudutswa - cyanide complexes uye inoda kufambiswazve kuti iwanezve goridhe.

3.5 Kudzoreredza Goridhe

1. Zinc Powder (Sheet) Displacement Method: Imwe nzira yakajairika ye kupora kwegoridhe ndiyo zinc poda (shiti) nzira yekufambisa. Zinc ine simba rekudzikisa pfuma pane goridhe. Kana zinc poda kana zinc sheet yawedzerwa kune akapfuma - mvura, maitiro ekutamisa anoitika. Kemikari inopindirana equation ndeiyi: \(2Na[Au(CN)_2]+Zn = 2Au+Na_2[Zn(CN)_4]\). Ndarama inobviswa kubva kugoridhe - cyanide complex ne zinc uye inonaya muchimiro chezvimedu zvakasimba. Mushure mekuita kwekutamiswa, iyo yakasimba - musanganiswa wemvura inosefa kuti iwane goridhe - ine solids, iyo inozowedzerwa kugadziriswa kuti inyungudiswe.

2. Yakashandiswa Carbon Adsorption Method: Imwe nzira inoshandiswa kabhoni kunyungudika. Kabhoni yakakamurwa ine nzvimbo yakakura chaiyo uye kugona kwayo kunyungudika kwakasimba. Mvura yakapfuma inopfuudzwa nepakoramu yakazadzwa ne Yakagadziriswa Carbon. Macomplex egoridhe-cyanide ari mumushonga anonamirwa pamusoro pekabhoni yakakangwa. Mushure mekunamirwa, kabhoni yakakangwa ine goridhe yakakangwa (yakakangwa - kabhoni) inoparadzaniswa nemushonga. Zvadaro, kabhoni yakakangwa inorapwa nekubvisa musanganiswa. Kazhinji, mushonga wekunamirwa (wakadai semusanganiswa we sodium hydroxide uye Sodium Cyanide) inoshandiswa kubvisa goridhe kubva kuactivated carbon pane imwe tembiricha uye kudzvanywa. Iyo goridhe yakacheneswa - ine mhinduro inozoiswa electrolyzed kuti iwane goridhe.

3.6 Mabatirwo eMaswe uye Waste Liquids

1. Tailings Kurapa: Mushure mekuwana goridhe, miswe yasara ichine imwe huwandu hwecyanide uye humwe hutsvina. Kuti isangane nekuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza zvinodiwa, matailings anofanirwa kurapwa. Imwe nzira yakajairika ndeyekuwedzera reagents senge sodium metabisulfite uye copper sulfate kune tailings kuti iparadze uye ibvise cyanide. Mushure mekurapa, machira anogona kuchengetwa zvakanaka kana kuenderera mberi nekugadziriswa.

2. Waste - Liquid Treatment: Iyo tsvina - mvura inogadzirwa panguva yekuita zvakare ine cyanide uye zvimwe zvinokuvadza zvinhu. Inoda kurapwa kuburikidza nemaitiro akadai sekunaya kwemakemikari, kuchinjanisa ion, uye kurapwa kwebhayoloji kudzikisa zviri muzvinhu zvinokuvadza kuti zvizadzise zviyero zvepasi rose zvisati zvaburitswa.

4. Mhedziso

Iyo cyanidation vat leaching nzira ine yakasarudzika inoshanda muindasitiri yemigodhi yegoridhe, kunyanya kune yakatsetseka - yakaomeswa, yakaderera - giredhi, uye yakaderera - permeability goridhe ores. Kuburikidza nenhevedzano yematanho akasimba ekuita, nzira iyi inogona kunyatsoburitsa goridhe kubva mu ores. Nekudaro, zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti nekuda kwekushandiswa kwecyanide mukuita, kuchengetedzwa kwakasimba uye kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza kunofanirwa kutorwa kuve nechokwadi chekuchengetedzwa kwevashandi uye kuderedza kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza. Nekuenderera mberi kwekuvandudza tekinoroji yemigodhi, kumwe kuvandudzwa uye kukwidziridzwa kwemaitiro aya kunotarisirwa kuvandudza kugona kwekuchera goridhe uye kuderedza mutengo uchichengetedza hushamwari hwezvakatipoteredza.