Cyanidation Gold Extraction: Yakadzika Dive muAgitation Cyanidation process

Munzvimbo yekuchera goridhe, cyanidation yakabata chinzvimbo chepamusoro kweanopfuura zana. Kubva payakavambwa muna 1887 pakucherwa kwegoridhe nesirivheri ores, nzira iyi yakaramba ichishanduka, ichisara imwe yenzira dzinoshandiswa zvakanyanya nekuda kwehuwandu hwekudzoreredza kwayo, kuchinjika kumhando dzakasiyana dzesimbi, uye kugona kwekugadzirwa kwenzvimbo.

1. Kunzwisisa Cyanidation muGold Extraction

Cyanidation inzira yemakemikari inoshandisa kugona kwemaion ecyanide kugadzira macomplexes anonyungudika negoridhe. Kana paine okisijeni nemvura, maion ecyanide anoita zvinoenderana nemaatomu egoridhe. Kuita uku kunoguma nekugadzirwa kwechinhu chinonyungudika apo goridhe rinobatana nemaion ecyanide, zvichiita kuti goridhe rinyungudike mumushonga. Kunyange hazvo maitiro aya achishanda zvakanyanya pakubvisa goridhe, anounzawo kunetseka kukuru kwezvakatipoteredza uye kuchengetedzeka nekuti cyanide chinhu chine chepfu.

2. Mhando dzeCyanidation Nzira

Nzira dzeCyanidation dzinogona kuiswa muzvikamu zviviri zvikuru: agitation cyanidation uye percolation cyanidation.

• Kusagadzikana kweCyanidation : Nzira iyi inonyanya kushandiswa pakurapa goridhe rakawanda kana kuti mune zvese - slime cyanidation scenarios. Inosanganisira kusanganisa pulp yeore nesimba nemushonga weCyanide. Nekuita izvi, zvinoita kuti zvidimbu zvine goridhe zviri muore zvibatane zvakanyanya nemaion eCyanide, zvichiita kuti goridhe rikwanise kuburitswa.

• Kupatsanura Cyanidation : Yakakodzera matombo egoridhe emhando yakaderera, kupatsanura cyanidation kunoshanda nekubvumira kuti cyanide solution ipinde nepakati pematombo esimbi. Nzira iyi inoshandisa simba shoma kana tichienzanisa neagitation cyanidation. Zvisinei, kushandiswa kwayo kunogumira kumatombo ane mvura inoyerera zvakanaka, zvichiita kuti cyanide solution ifambe zviri nyore.

3. Agitation Cyanidation Gold Extraction Process

Maitiro ekubvisa goridhe reAgitation Cyanidation anosanganisira maitiro maviri makuru: maitiro ekuisa simbi panzvimbo yesimbi (cyanidation) uye maitiro ekuisa simbi panzvimbo yesimbi isina kucheneswa (unfiltered cyanidation) . Maitiro ekuisa simbi munzvimbo yesimbi (carbon slurry).

3.1 Cyanidation - Zinc Replacement Process (CCD uye CCF Nzira)

• Kugadzira Zvinhu Zvisina Kugadzirwa : Danho rekutanga rinosanganisira kugadzirira dombo kuti ribviswe. Izvi zvinowanzosanganisira kupwanya dombo kuita zvidimbu zvidiki wobva warikuya kusvika ranyatsonaka. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, kurapwa kunoitwawo kuti zvidimbu zvegoridhe zviri mudombo zvive nyore kuwana. Chinangwa ndechekugadzira pulp ine saizi yakakwana yezvidimbu, izvo zvinokurudzira kudyidzana kuri nani pakati pedombo ne cyanide solution.

• Kutsamwisa Kubvisa Cyanidation : Pulp yesimbi yakagadzirwa inozoendeswa kumatangi ekusawirirana, uko kunowedzerwa cyanide solution. Matangi aya ane maagitator anochengetedza pulp necyanide solution zvakasanganiswa zvakanaka. Okisijeni inopinzwa mumatangi, kungave kuburikidza ne aeration kana nekuwedzera oxidizing agents. Okisijeni iyi inobatsira kutungamira chemical reaction inonyungudutsa goridhe mu cyanide solution.

• Kusuka Mvura Isingasanganisike : Mushure mekubviswa kwemvura, tsvina inobuda inosanganisira masara emvura akasimba uye chikamu chemvura chinozivikanwa semushonga wekuzvitakura, une goridhe rakanyungudutswa. Kuti uparadzanise zvinhu zviviri izvi, zvinosanganisa simbi kana mafirita zvinoshandiswa mukuwachisa mvura inopesana. Nzira dzakadai seContinuous Counter - Current Decantation (CCD) kana Continuous Counter - Current Filtration (CCF) dzinoshandiswa kudzorera mvura yakawanda yegoridhe inotakura mvura sezvinobvira uku uchideredza huwandu hwegoridhe rinorasika nemasara emvura akasimba.

• Kucheneswa kweLiquid Inobuda uye Kubvisa Oxidation : Mushonga unobva padanho rekuparadzanisa mvura nechinhu chakaoma unogona kunge uine tsvina uye oxygen yakanyungudika. Maitiro ekuchenesa anoitwa kubvisa zvinhu zvakaoma zvakamiswa nezvimwe zvinosvibisa zvinogona kukanganisa maitiro ekudzorera goridhe anotevera. Kubvisa oxidation kwakakosha zvakaenzana nekuti oxygen inogona kukonzera kusanganiswa kwechinhu chegoridhe necyanide, zvichideredza kushanda kwemaitiro ekutsiva zinc anotevera.

• Kutsiva neKunatsa Zinc Powder (Silk) : Zinc powder kana zinc silk inowedzerwa mumushonga wakacheneswa uye wakabviswa oxidized. Zinc inoshanda zvakanyanya kupfuura goridhe, saka inobvisa goridhe kubva mukomponi inoumbwa panguva yekubviswa kwesimbi. Izvi zvinoguma nekuumbwa kwesimbi yakasimba ine goridhe ne zinc, inowanzonzi gold mud. Mushure mekutsiva, gold mud inowanzo gadziriswa ne acid solution kubvisa zinc yakawandisa nezvimwe tsvina.

• Madota Anonyungudutsa : Danho rekupedzisira rekutsiva cyanidation - zinc nderekunyungudutsa dhaka regoridhe kuti ribudise madota egoridhe chaiwo. Madota egoridhe anonyunguduka pakupisa kwakanyanya muchoto, uye kuburikidza nematanho akatevedzana ekunatswa, tsvina yasara inobviswa, zvichiita kuti madota egoridhe anyatsochena.

3.2 Yasina kusefa Cyanidation Carbon Slurry Process (CIP uye CIL Nzira)

• Kugadzirira Zvinhu Zvinobviswa : Sekunge nzira yekutsiva zinc ne cyanidation, basa rekutanga kugadzirira dombo kuti ribviswe. Izvi zvinoda kuderedza dombo kusvika pahukuru hwakakodzera kuburikidza nekupwanya nekukuya.

• Kubviswa kweAgitation uye Countercurrent Carbon Adsorption : Munzira yeCarbon - in - Pulp (CIP), nzira yekubvisa cyanide inotanga yatanga mumatangi akawanda eAgitation. Kana goridhe ranyungudika mumushonga, Activated Carbon inowedzerwa mupulp. Activated carbon ine simba guru re gold - cyanide compound uye inonyungudutsa goridhe rakanyungudika pamusoro payo. Munzira yeCarbon - in - Leach (CIL), activated carbon inowedzerwa mutangi reLeaching panguva imwe chete necyanide solution, saka maitiro ekubvisa uye kunyungudutsa anoitika panguva imwe chete. MuCIP neCIL, kuyerera kwecarbon nepulp kunoenderera mberi kuti huwandu hwegoridhe rinonyungudika necarbon huwedzere.

• Kubviswa kweKabhoni Yakazadzwa neGoridhe : Mushure mekunyudzwa kwekabhoni, kabhoni yakazadzwa neGoridhe inofanira kuparadzaniswa ne pulp. Zvadaro, goridhe rinobviswa kubva mukabhoni uchishandisa mushonga unopisa we caustic - cyanide. Mushonga uyu unoputsa chisungo chiri pakati pekabhoni nekabhoni, wobva wadzosera goridhe mumushonga.

• Kukunda Electrolysis : Mhinduro ine goridhe rakawanda inowanikwa kubva mukubviswa kwemvura inopfuudzwa nemagetsi. Munguva iyi, magetsi anopfuudzwa nemumhinduro. Izvi zvinoita kuti maiyoni egoridhe ari mumushonga aderedzwe oiswa pa cathode, zvichiita kuti goridhe rive rakasimba rinogona kunatswa zvakare.

• Kunyungudutsa goridhe : Goridhe rinotorwa kubva mumagetsi rakacheneswa asi rinogona kunge richine tsvina. Kunyungudutsa kunoitwa kuti goridhe riwedzere kuchenesa uye kurikanda muzvikamu zvekuchena kwaunoda.

• Kugadziriswazve kweKabhoni : Kabhoni inoshandiswa, mushure mekunge goridhe rabviswa, inogona kugadziriswazve uye kushandiswazve. Izvi zvinosanganisira kuisa kabhoni mukupisa kwakanyanya kubvisa tsvina yakanyungudutswa uye kudzoreredza kugona kwayo kunyungudutsa goridhe.

4. Kuenzanisa CIP uye CIL Maitiro

• Nguva Yekuita : Kazhinji, maitiro eCIP anotora nguva yakareba zvichienzaniswa neCIL. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti muCIP, leaching uye adsorption mabasa akasiyana. MuCIL, sezvo leaching uye adsorption zvichiitika panguva imwe chete, maitiro ese anogona kupedzwa munguva pfupi. Zvisinei, maitiro eCIL anoda kudzorwa kwakaoma sezvo maitiro ese ari maviri achiitika panguva imwe chete.

• Kutarisira Kabhoni neSlurry : Mukuita kweCIL, pane huwandu hwakawanda hwekabhoni huri kutenderera, uye huwandu hwekabhoni muslurry hwakaderera pane muCIP. Nekuda kweizvozvo, huwandu hweslurry hunoda kutakurwa kuti kabhoni ifambiswe muCIL hunowanzo kuve hwakapetwa kakawanda kupfuura hweCIP (inenge ka4). Izvi zvine chekuita nehukuru hwemidziyo uye kushandiswa kwesimba.

• Kusaririra kweSimbi uye Giredhi reGoridhe muMhinduro : Munzira yeCIP, pane huwandu hwakawanda hwesimbi hunoramba huripo muhurongwa (kusarira kwesimbi), uye simbi iyi inogoverwa zvakaenzana pakati pekabhoni yakagadziriswa nemushonga. MuCIL, simbi zhinji inonamirwa pakabhoni yakagadziriswa. Pamusoro pezvo, huwandu hwegoridhe mumushonga munzira yeCIL hwakakwira kupfuura muCIP. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti muCIL, sezvo goridhe riri kuburitswa, riri kuramba richinamirwa, izvo zvinozadza goridhe rakanyungudutswa mumushonga. MuCIP, kune rumwe rutivi, inzira yekunamirwa kwesimbi inotora danho rimwe chete ine kuzara kwegoridhe rakanyungudutswa zvishoma.

5. Mafungiro Ezvakatipoteredza uye Kuchengetedzwa

Pasinei nekushanda kwayo, cyanidation, kunyanya agitation cyanidation, inopa njodzi dzakakosha dzezvakatipoteredza nekuchengetedza. Cyanide ine muchetura zvakanyanya, uye chero kuvuza kana kubata zvisina kunaka kunogona kutungamira mukusvibiswa kwakanyanya kwezvakatipoteredza uye kuisa njodzi kuhutano hwevanhu. Kugadzirisa njodzi idzi, mabasa ekucherwa kwegoridhe anotevedzera akasimba ekuchengetedza mapuroteni. Izvi zvinosanganisira kuchengetedza kwakaringana uye kubata cyanide, kuiswa kwemidziyo yekudzivirira kudonha, uye kurapwa kwecyanide - ine tsvina. Zvakare, tsvakiridzo inoenderera mberi ine chinangwa chekugadzira imwe nzira, isina muchetura leaching agents kutsiva cyanide mukuchera goridhe.

6. Mhedziso

Agitation cyanidation inoita basa rakakosha muindasitiri yemazuva ano yekuchera goridhe, ichigonesa kutorwa kwakanyanya kwegoridhe kubva kumhando dzakasiyana dzesimbi. Iwo maviri makuru madiki-maitiro, cyanidation - zinc kutsiva uye isina kusefa cyanidation kabhoni slurry, imwe neimwe ine kwayo kwayo uye inosarudzwa zvichienderana nezvinhu zvakaita se ore zvivakwa, chiyero chekushanda, uye kubudirira kwehupfumi. Nekudaro, iyo indasitiri inofanirwa kuenderera mberi nekugadzirisa zvakatipoteredza uye chengetedzo matambudziko ane chekuita nekushandiswa kwecyanide kuve nechokwadi cheramangwana rakagadzikana rekutorwa kwegoridhe.