Cyanidation Gold Extraction: Yakadzika Dive muAgitation Cyanidation process

Munzvimbo yekuchera goridhe, cyanidation yakabata chinzvimbo chepamusoro kweanopfuura zana. Kubva payakavambwa muna 1887 pakucherwa kwegoridhe nesirivheri ores, nzira iyi yakaramba ichishanduka, ichisara imwe yenzira dzinoshandiswa zvakanyanya nekuda kwehuwandu hwekudzoreredza kwayo, kuchinjika kumhando dzakasiyana dzesimbi, uye kugona kwekugadzirwa kwenzvimbo.

1. Kunzwisisa Cyanidation muGold Extraction

Cyanidation ikemikari maitiro anobata pakugona kwe cyanide maion kuita zvinhu zvinonyungudika negoridhe. Muhupo hweokisijeni nemvura, cyanide ions inopindirana nemaatomu egoridhe. Kuita uku kunoguma nekugadzirwa kwekomboni inonyungudika apo goridhe rinobatanidzwa neiyo cyanide ions, zvichiita kuti goridhe rinyunguduke mumushonga. Kunyange maitiro aya achinyatso shanda pakubvisa goridhe, anounzawo zvakakosha zvakatipoteredza nekuchengetedza kunetseka nekuti cyanide chinhu chine muchetura.

2. Mhando dzeCyanidation Nzira

Nzira dzeCyanidation dzinogona kuiswa muzvikamu zviviri zvikuru: agitation cyanidation uye percolation cyanidation.

• Agitation Cyanidation: Iyi nzira inonyanya kushandiswa kurapa flotation goridhe concentrates kana mune zvese - slime cyanidation scenarios. Zvinosanganisira kusanganisa zvine simba maore ore nemushonga wecyanide. Nekuita izvi, inova nechokwadi chekuti zvidimbu zvinotakura goridhe muore zvinosangana zvakanyanya nemaioni ecyanide, zvichifambisa kutorwa kwegoridhe.

• Percolation Cyanidation: Yakakodzera kune yakaderera-giredhi goridhe ores, percolation cyanidation inoshanda nekubvumira iyo cyanide mhinduro kuyerera nemumubhedha wematombo. Iyi nzira inoshandisa simba shoma kana ichienzaniswa neagitation cyanidation. Zvisinei, kushandiswa kwayo kunogumira kune ores ane yakanaka permeability, zvichiita kuti cyanide mhinduro iyerere kuburikidza nyore.

3. Agitation Cyanidation Gold Extraction Process

Kushushikana Cyanidation Gold Extraction Maitiro acho anosanganisira maitiro maviri makuru: nzira yekutsiva zinc necyanidation isina kusefa. kabhoni maitiro ekutsvedza.

3.1 Cyanidation - Zinc Replacement Process (CCD uye CCF Nzira)

• Leaching Raw Material Kugadzirira: Danho rekutanga rinosanganisira kuita kuti ore igadzirire iyo leaching process. Izvi zvinowanzobatanidza kutswanya simbi kuita zvidimbu zvidiki wobva waikuya kuti inyatsoenderana. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, pre-kurapwa kunoitwawo kuti zvimedu zvegoridhe zviri mukati meore zviwanikwe. Chinangwa ndechekugadzira pulp ine optimal particle size, iyo inosimudzira kudyidzana kuri nani pakati peore uye cyanide mhinduro.

• Agitation Cyanidation Leaching: Iyo yakagadzirwa ore pulp inozoendeswa kumatangi ekushungurudza, uko mhinduro yecyanide inowedzerwa. Aya matangi ane agitators anochengeta pulp uye cyanide mhinduro zvakanaka - yakasanganiswa. Okisijeni inounzwa mumatangi, kungave kuburikidza neaeration kana nekuwedzera oxidizing agents. Okisijeni iyi inobatsira kutyaira kemikari inonyungudutsa goridhe mumushonga wecyanide.

• Countercurrent Washing for Solid - Liquid Separation: Mushure mekuita leaching process, iyo inokonzeresa slurry ine yakasimba masara uye chikamu chemvura chinozivikanwa semhinduro ine nhumbu, ine goridhe rakanyungudika. Kuti aparadzanise zvikamu zviviri izvi, nhevedzano yezvikobvu kana mafirita anoshandiswa mune inopikisa washing setup. Nzira dzakaita seContinuous Counter - Current Decantation (CCD) kana Continuous Counter - Current Filtration (CCF) dzinoshandiswa kudzoreredza yakawanda yegoridhe - inotakura mhinduro sezvinobvira uku ichideredza huwandu hwegoridhe rakarasika nemasara akasimba.

• Kucheneswa kweLeaching Liquid uye Deoxidation: Mushonga wepamuviri unowanikwa kubva kune yakasimba - mvura yekuparadzanisa nhanho inogona kunge iine tsvina uye yakanyungudika oksijeni. Maitirwo ekuchenesa anoitwa kuti abvise zvinyoro zvakamiswa uye zvimwe zvinosvibisa zvinogona kukanganisa maitiro anotevera ekudzoreredza goridhe. Deoxidation yakakosha zvakaenzana nekuti okisijeni inogona kukonzera kudzoreredzwa kwegoridhe - cyanide komboni, kuderedza kushanda kweiyo zinc kutsiva maitiro anotevera.

• Zinc Powder (Sirika) Kutsiva uye Pickling: Zinc poda kana zinc sirika inowedzerwa kune yakacheneswa uye de-oxidized pamuviri mhinduro. Zinc inoshanda zvakanyanya kupfuura goridhe, saka inobvisa goridhe kubva mukomboni yakaumbwa panguva yekudonha. Izvi zvinoita kuti pave nekuumbwa kwemvura yakasimba ine goridhe uye zinc, inowanzonzi dhaka regoridhe. Mushure mekutsiva maitiro, dhaka regoridhe rinowanzo batwa neasidhi mhinduro kubvisa chero yakawandisa zinc uye kumwe kusvibiswa.

• Kunyungudutsa Ingots: Nhanho yekupedzisira yecyanidation - zinc yekutsiva maitiro ndeyekunyungudutsa madhaka egoridhe kuburitsa ingots dzegoridhe dzakachena. Madhaka egoridhe anonyungudutswa pakupisa kwakanyanya muchoto, uye kuburikidza nenhevedzano yematanho ekunatsa, tsvina yakasara inobviswa, ichipa yakakwirira - kuchena kwegoridhe ingots.

3.2 Yasina kusefa Cyanidation Carbon Slurry Process (CIP uye CIL Nzira)

• Kugadzirira Kugadzirira Zvinhu: Zvakafanana necyanidation - zinc kutsiva maitiro, basa rekutanga nderekugadzirira ore yekudonha. Izvi zvinoda kudzikisira ore kusvika pakukura kwakakodzera kuburikidza nekupwanya nekukuya.

• Agitation Leaching uye Countercurrent Carbon Adsorption: Munzira yeCarbon - in - Pulp (CIP), nzira yekubvisa cyanide inotanga yatanga mumatangi akawanda e agitation. Kana goridhe ranyungudika kuita solution, Yakagadziriswa Carbon inowedzerwa mu pulp. Kabhoni inoshandiswa ine simba guru kune gold-cyanide compound uye inonyungudutsa goridhe rakanyungudutswa pamusoro payo. Munzira yeCarbon-in-Leach (CIL), kabhoni inoshandiswa inowedzerwa mutangi re leaching panguva imwe chete ne cyanide solution, saka maitiro e leaching ne adsorption anoitika panguva imwe chete. MuCIP neCIL, kuyerera kwekabhoni ne pulp kunoenderera mberi kuti huwandu hwegoridhe rinonyungudutswa nekabhoni huwedzere.

• Ndarama - Yakatakura Carbon Desorption: Mushure meiyo adsorption process, iyo goridhe-yakarodha kabhoni inoda kupatsanurwa kubva papulp. Zvadaro, goridhe rinobviswa kubva kabhoni uchishandisa inopisa caustic - cyanide solution. Mhinduro iyi inotyora chisungo chiri pakati pegoridhe - cyanide compound uye carbon, kusunungura goridhe zvakare mumhinduro.

• Electrowinning Electrolysis: Iyo yegoridhe-yakapfuma mhinduro yakawanikwa kubva ku desorption process inopinda electrowinning. Munguva iyi, magetsi emagetsi anopfuudzwa kuburikidza nekugadzirisa. Izvi zvinoita kuti maion egoridhe ari mumushonga aderedzwe uye aiswe pane cathode, zvoita dhipoziti yakasimba yegoridhe inogona kukwenenzverwa.

• Kunyungudutsa Ingots: Goridhe rinowanikwa kubva kumagetsi rinenge rakachena asi rinogona kunge riine zvimwe zvitsvina. Kunyunguduka kunoitwa kuti goridhe riwedzere kucheneswa nekukandwa mumaingo ekuchena kwaunoda.

• Kuberekwazve KweCarbon: Kabhoni yakashandiswa, mushure mekunge goridhe rabviswa, rinogona kuvandudzwa uye kushandiswa zvakare. Izvi zvinosanganisira kuisa pasi kabhoni kune yakakwirira-tembiricha kurapwa kubvisa chero adsorbed tsvina uye kudzoreredza kugona kwayo kushambadza goridhe.

4. Kuenzanisa CIP uye CIL Maitiro

• Process Duration: Kazhinji, maitiro eCIP anotora nguva yakareba achienzaniswa neCIL. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti muCIP, iyo leaching uye adsorption mabasa akasiyana. MuCIL, sezvo leaching uye adsorption zvichiitika panguva imwe chete, maitiro ese anogona kupedzwa munguva pfupi. Nekudaro, iyo CIL maitiro inoda kuomesesa kutonga sezvo ese ari maviri maitiro anoitika panguva imwe chete.

• Carbon uye Slurry Management: Muchirongwa cheCIL, kune huwandu hukuru hwekabhoni mukutenderera, uye huwandu hwekabhoni mu slurry hwakaderera kupfuura muCIP. Nekuda kweizvozvo, vhoriyamu yeslurry inoda kutakurwa kuti kabhoni itakurwe muCIL inowanzopetwa kakawanda iyo yeCIP (yakatenderedza kana kana). Izvi zvine chekuita pakuyera kwemidziyo uye mashandisiro esimba.

• Metal Backlog uye Goridhe Giredhi muSolution: Muchirongwa cheCIP, kune huwandu hunokosha hwesimbi hunoramba huri muhurongwa (simbi kumashure), uye iyi simbi inogoverwa zvakaenzana pakati pekabhoni yakagadziriswa uye mhinduro. MuCIL, yakawanda yesimbi inoshambadzirwa pane iyo activated kabhoni. Pamusoro pezvo, kuwanda kwegoridhe mumhinduro muCIL maitiro kwakakwira kupfuura muCIP. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti muCIL, sezvo goridhe riri kuburitswa, iri kuramba ichishambadzirwa, iyo inozadza goridhe rakanyungudutswa mumhinduro. MuCIP, kune rumwe rutivi, idanho rimwechete - nhanho adsorption ine mashoma kuzadzazve kwegoridhe rakanyungudika.

5. Mafungiro Ezvakatipoteredza uye Kuchengetedzwa

Pasinei nekushanda kwayo, cyanidation, kunyanya agitation cyanidation, inopa njodzi dzakakosha dzezvakatipoteredza nekuchengetedza. Cyanide ine muchetura zvakanyanya, uye chero kuvuza kana kubata zvisina kunaka kunogona kutungamira mukusvibiswa kwakanyanya kwezvakatipoteredza uye kuisa njodzi kuhutano hwevanhu. Kugadzirisa njodzi idzi, mabasa ekucherwa kwegoridhe anotevedzera akasimba ekuchengetedza mapuroteni. Izvi zvinosanganisira kuchengetedza kwakaringana uye kubata cyanide, kuiswa kwemidziyo yekudzivirira kudonha, uye kurapwa kwecyanide - ine tsvina. Zvakare, tsvakiridzo inoenderera mberi ine chinangwa chekugadzira imwe nzira, isina muchetura leaching agents kutsiva cyanide mukuchera goridhe.

6. Mhedziso

Agitation cyanidation inoita basa rakakosha muindasitiri yemazuva ano yekuchera goridhe, ichigonesa kutorwa kwakanyanya kwegoridhe kubva kumhando dzakasiyana dzesimbi. Iwo maviri makuru madiki-maitiro, cyanidation - zinc kutsiva uye isina kusefa cyanidation kabhoni slurry, imwe neimwe ine kwayo kwayo uye inosarudzwa zvichienderana nezvinhu zvakaita se ore zvivakwa, chiyero chekushanda, uye kubudirira kwehupfumi. Nekudaro, iyo indasitiri inofanirwa kuenderera mberi nekugadzirisa zvakatipoteredza uye chengetedzo matambudziko ane chekuita nekushandiswa kwecyanide kuve nechokwadi cheramangwana rakagadzikana rekutorwa kwegoridhe.