Kupesvedzera kweKugarisana kweSodium Cyanide uye Sodium Chloride paLeaching

1. ziviso

Munyaya dzesimbi, kunyanya mukubvisa simbi dzinokosha dzakadai segoridhe nesirivha, nzira yekubvisa cyanide inobata chinzvimbo chakakosha. Sodium cyanide (NaCN) inoshandiswa zvakanyanya nekuti inogona kunyungudutsa goridhe nesirivha kubva mumatombo. Zvisinei, muzvinhu zvakawanda zvematombo, zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinogara pamwe chete, uye sodium chloride (NaCl) ndeimwe yemunyu unowanzoenderana nayo. Kunzwisisa kukanganisa kwe (NaCN) ne (NaCl) pakuburitsa tsvina kwakakosha pakuvandudza kushanda zvakanaka kwekubvisa tsvina, kuderedza mari, uye kuderedza kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza. Chinyorwa chino chinangwa chekuongorora nyaya iyi zvizere.

2. Basa reSodium Cyanide muLeaching

2.1 Chemical Reaction Mechanism

Munguva yecyanide leaching process, cyanide ions inoita basa rakakosha mukugadzira zvinhu zvinonyungudika nemaatomu egoridhe nesirivheri. Okisijeni yakakoshawo sezvo ichiita seanoxidizing agent, kufambisa oxidation yegoridhe nesirivheri uye nekusimudzira kuparara kwavo mune cyanide mhinduro. Kudyidzana kwekemikari uku kunoita kuti simbi dzinokosha idzi dzibviswe kubva mumatombo.

2.2 Zvinhu Zvinokanganisa Kushanda kweSodium Cyanide muLeaching

• Kuwanda kweSodium Cyanide : Kuwanda kwesodium cyanide kunokanganisa zvakanyanya mwero wekubviswa kwegoridhe. Panyaya iyi, huwandu hwakati hweSodium Cyanide hunodiwa kuti kunyungudike huwandu hwakati hwegoridhe zvichibva pamagetsi. Zvisinei, mukuita, kushandiswa chaiko kweSodium cyanide kunowanzo kuve kwakakwira kupfuura huwandu hwedzidziso. Mumaitiro akaita seCarbon - in - Pulp (CIP) uye Carbon - in - Leach (CIL), huwandu hwesodium cyanide hunowanzo chengetwa mukati mehuwandu hwakati. Kune matombo akaomarara kana ane mwero wakanyanya wekusvibiswa, huwandu hwacho hunogona kudiwa kuwedzerwa zvinoenderana.

• pH Level : Sodium cyanide inonyungudika mumvura, ichiburitsa hydrocyanic acid, gasi rine chepfu yakawanda. Kuwanda kwehydrolysis kunoenderana ne pH yemushonga. Kuti kuderedza kurasikirwa kwecyanide kuburikidza ne hydrolysis uye kuve nechokwadi chekuti cyanide solution inogara kwenguva refu, pH inowanzo chengetwa mukati me alkaline range muzvirimwa zve gold CIP. Iyi pH nharaunda inokanganisawo huwandu hwakakwana hwe sodium cyanide kuti gold leaching ishande zvakanaka.

• Kuwanda kweOkisijeni Yakanyungudutswa : Okisijeni inokosha pakunyungudutswa kwegoridhe nesirivha mumushonga wecyanide. Izvi zvinoda maion ecyanide neokisijeni. Kunyunguduka kwakanyanya kweokisijeni patembiricha yemumba nekumanikidzwa kwakaderera. Kana kuwanda kweokisijeni yakanyungudutswa muslurry kwakaderera zvakanyanya, kunogona kudzora kuwanda kwegoridhe nesirivha. Muzviitiko zvakadaro, nzira dzakadai sekupinza mhepo muslurry kana kuwedzera hydrogen peroxide dzinogona kushandiswa kuwedzera kuwanda kweokisijeni. Chiyero cheokisijeni necyanide chakakosha; kusaenzana kunogona kutungamira kudzikira kwehuwandu hwe leaching.

3. Mhedzisiro yeSodium Chloride paNzira yeLeaching

3.1 Mhedzisiro paMamiriro Emakemikari

• Simba reIonic uye Coefficient yeActivity : Kana sodium chloride iripo mumushonga wekudonhedza mvura, inowedzera simba reionic remushonga. Zvichienderana nedzidziso dzakakodzera, kuwedzera kwesimba reionic kunogona kukanganisa macoefficient ekushanda kwemaion mumushonga. Muhurongwa hwekudonhedza mvura yecyanide, shanduko iyi mumacoefficient ekushanda inogona kukanganisa kuenzana kwemakemikari kwemaitiro ane chekuita nekunyungudika kwegoridhe nesirivha. Semuenzaniso, inogona kuchinja huwandu hunoshanda hwemaion ecyanide anowanikwa kuti agone kudonhedza mvura negoridhe, nokudaro ichikanganisa mwero wekudonhedza mvura.

• Makwikwi eNzvimbo Dzinogadzirisa : Maion echloride anogona kukwikwidzana nemaion ecyanide panzvimbo dzinoita reactive pamusoro pezvikamu zveore. Mune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu, kana huwandu hwemaion echloride hwakakwira zvakakwana, anogona kunyudza pamusoro pezvikamu zvegoridhe kana zvesirivha, zvichidzivirira maion ecyanide kuti asasvike uye nokudaro zvichideredza kushanda kwe leaching. Zvisinei, mune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu, kuvapo kwemaion echloride kunogonawo kuva nemigumisiro yakanaka. Semuenzaniso, mune mamwe maore ane maminerari emhangura, maion echloride anogona kugadzira complexes nemhangura, zvichideredza kushandiswa kwecyanide nemhangura uye zvingangovandudza leaching yegoridhe nesirivha.

3.2 Kupesvedzera paKubuda kwesimbi dzakabatanidzwa

• Mhangura - Ine Maore : Mumaore ane mhangura yakawanda, maminerari emhangura anoita zvine simba ne sodium cyanide, zvichidya huwandu hwakawanda hwe cyanide. Kuvapo kwe sodium chloride kunogona kukanganisa maitiro aya. Maion e chloride anogona kugadzira ma complexes ane mhangura, uye ma complexes aya anogona kunge aine kugadzikana kwakasiyana zvichienzaniswa nema complexes e mhangura - cyanide. Kana kuumbwa kwema complexes e mhangura - chloride kuchifarirwa, kunogona kuderedza huwandu hwe cyanide inodyiwa ne mhangura, zvichiita kuti cyanide yakawanda iwanikwe yekuburitsa goridhe nesirivha.

• Dzimwe Simbi : Sodium chloride inogonawo kusangana nedzimwe simbi dziri muore, dzakadai se zinc, lead, uye iron. Semuenzaniso, ma chloride ions anogona kuwedzera kunyungudika kwemamwe macompounds e zinc ne lead, izvo zvinogona kukanganisa maitiro avo panguva yekubviswa kwesimbi uye kukanganisa kwavo pakubviswa kwe cyanide kwegoridhe nesirivha. Kana iri simbi, kuvapo kwema chloride ions kunogona kukanganisa kuumbwa nekugadzikana kwesimbi - ine precipitates kana complexes, izvo zvinogona kukurudzira kana kumisa kubviswa kwesimbi zvichienderana nemamiriro chaiwo.

4. Iko Yakasanganiswa Migumisiro yeSodium Cyanide uye Sodium Chloride paLeaching

4.1 Synergistic kana Antagonistic Effects

• Migumisiro yekubatana : Mune zvimwe zviitiko, kuvapo kwe sodium cyanide ne sodium chloride pamwe chete kunogona kuva nemigumisiro inobatsira, kana kuti inoshanda pamwe chete, pakubviswa kwechinhu. Semuenzaniso, mune mamwe maore egoridhe asingashande, kuwedzera huwandu hwakakodzera hwe sodium chloride kunogona kuvandudza kupenya kwechimiro cheore, zvichibvumira maion e cyanide kupinda nyore nyore uye kuita nezvidimbu zvegoridhe. Izvi zvinogona kutungamira mukuwedzera kwehuwandu hwekubvisa goridhe. Pamusoro pezvo, sezvambotaurwa, mumaore ane maminerari emhangura, kuumbwa kwe copper-chloride complexes ne sodium chloride kunogona kuderedza kushandiswa kwe cyanide ne mhangura, izvo zvinobatsira pakubviswa kwe cyanide kwegoridhe nesirivha, zvichiratidza kushanda pamwe chete.

• Mhedzisiro yeAntagonist : Zvisinei, kunewo mamiriro ezvinhu apo sodium cyanide nesodium chloride zvine mhedzisiro inopikisana, kana inopikisa. Kuwanda kwema chloride ions kunogona kukwikwidzana nema cyanide ions pamusoro pegoridhe nesirivha, pamwe nekuvhiringidza makemikari ekuita kwe cyanide leaching reactions, zvichikonzera kudzikira kwekushanda kwe leaching. Uyezve, kana kuvapo kwe sodium chloride kuchikonzera kuumbwa kwemamwe ma precipitates kana complexes anofukidza pamusoro pe ore particles, zvinogona kudzivirira ma cyanide ions kuti asabatane nesimbi dzinokosha, zvichideredza zvakanyanya leaching rate.

4.2 Optimization yeLeaching process Muhupo hweVose

• Kugadziriswa kweReagent Concentrations : Kana zvese zviri zviviri sodium cyanide nesodium chloride zviripo, zvakakosha kuti mazinga azvo ave akanaka. Izvi zvinoda kuongororwa kwakadzama kwehuwandu hweore. Kune matombo ane huwandu hwakawanda hwesimbi dzinogona kusangana necyanide, senge mhangura, kuwedzera kwakakodzera kwehuwandu hwesodium chloride kunogona kufungwa kuderedza kushandiswa kwecyanide. Panguva imwe chete, huwandu hwesodium cyanide hunofanira kugadziriswa zvichienderana nemhedzisiro chaiyo yekubuda kwegoridhe nesirivha kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti goridhe nesirivha zvinobuda zvakanaka.

• Kudzora Mamiriro Ezvinhu Zvekuita : Pamusoro pekuwanda kwe reagent, mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu ekuita akadai se pH, tembiricha, uye aeration anofanirawo kudzorwa nokungwarira. pH inofanira kuchengetedzwa mukati mehuwandu hwakakodzera kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti cyanide solution inogara zvakanaka uye kuti leaching reaction inoshanda sei, tichifunga nezve simba re sodium cyanide ne sodium chloride. Tembiricha ye solution inokoshawo. Kunyangwe paine tembiricha yakanakira kuti goridhe rinyungudike mu cyanide solution, kana paine sodium chloride, simba retembiricha pa leaching process rinogona kuchinja, uye zvakakosha kuwana tembiricha yakanakira kuburikidza ne experimental research. Aeration yakakwana yakakosha kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti oxygen inowanikwa yakakwana ye leaching reaction, uye kuvapo kwe sodium chloride kunogona kukanganisa kunyungudika nekupararira kwe oxygen mumushonga, izvo zvinoda kufungwa nezvazvo.

5. Case Studies uye Experimental Results

5.1 Nyaya Yokutanga: Ndarama - Silver Ore ine Yakakwira Copper Content

Mune goridhe - sirivheri ore dhipoziti ine yakakwira mhangura yemukati, yechinyakare cyanide leaching uchishandisa sodium cyanide chete yakakonzera yakadzikira goridhe leaching mwero nekuda kwekunyanya kushandiswa kwecyanide nemhangura. Kana sodium chloride yakawedzerwa kune leaching system pane imwe nzvimbo uye iyo sodium cyanide concentration yakagadziriswa, iyo goridhe leaching rate yakawedzera. Ongororo iyi yakaratidza kuti kuwedzera kwesodium chloride kwakakonzera kuumbwa kwemhangura - chloride complexes, kuderedza huwandu hwecyanide inodyiwa nemhangura nekudaro kuwedzera kuwanikwa kwecyanide yegoridhe leaching.

5.2 Nyaya Yechipiri: Refractory Gold Ore

Kune refractory goridhe ore, yekutanga cyanide leaching isina sodium chloride yakawana yakaderera yegoridhe leaching rate. Mushure mekuwedzera sodium chloride pane yakatarwa uye nekugadzirisa iyo cyanide yekumisikidza uye mamwe maitirwo mamiriro, iyo goridhe leaching rate yakawedzera. Kucherechedzwa kweMicroscopic yezvimedu zveore kwakaratidza kuti kuwedzera kwesodium chloride kwakavandudza kupenya kwechimiro cheore, zvichibvumira cyanide ions kuti isvike kune zvimedu zvegoridhe zvakanyanya, nekudaro zvichiwedzera kushanda kweLeaching.

6. Mafungiro Ezvakatipoteredza uye Kuchengetedzwa

6.1 Chepfu yeCyanide

Cyanide chinhu chine chepfu zvakanyanya. Chero kuburitswa kwecyanide - ine zvigadziriso mukati mezvakatipoteredza kunogona kuve nemhedzisiro yakaipa kune hupenyu hwemvura, kunaka kwevhu, uye hutano hwevanhu. Kana sodium chloride ikabatana nesodium cyanide mukuita leaching, zvinodikanwa kuve nechokwadi kuti manejimendi uye kurapwa kwecyanide - ine tsvina ichiri kuitwa zvakanyatsoenderana nemirairo yezvakatipoteredza. Kuvapo kwesodium chloride kunogona kukanganisa maitiro ecyanide mumararamiro ekurapa tsvina, senge munzira dzinoshandiswa kuparadza cyanide senge alkaline chlorination kana kurapwa kwebiological. Semuenzaniso, iyo yakawedzera ionic simba inokonzerwa nesodium chloride inogona kukanganisa maitiro ekuita uye kugona kweidzi nzira dzekurapa.

6.2 Kuchengetedza mukubata

Ose ari maviri sodium cyanide uye sodium chloride anoda kubatwa nekungwarira. Sodium cyanide ine muchetura zvakanyanya uye inoda matanho ekuchengetedza akasimba panguva yekuchengetera, yekufambisa, uye kushandiswa. Sodium chloride, kunyangwe iine njodzi shoma, inogona kuramba ichiunza njodzi dzakaita sekuora kumidziyo uye zvinogona kukanganisa nharaunda yekushanda kana isina kunyatsogadziriswa. Mukuvhiya kweaya panoshandiswa ese ari maviri, vashandi vanofanirwa kudzidziswa kubata makemikari aya zvisina njodzi, uye midziyo yekudzivirira yakakodzera uye nzira dzinofanirwa kuve dziripo kudzivirira tsaona uye kuve nechokwadi chekugara zvakanaka kwevashandi.

7. Mhedziso

Kugarisana kwesodium cyanide uye sodium chloride mukuita leaching kune kwakaomarara kukanganisa kubviswa kwesimbi dzinokosha. Sodium chloride inogona kukanganisa mamiriro emakemikari emushonga weLeaching, kupindirana nesimbi dzakabatanidzwa, uye kuve nese synergistic uye antagonistic mhedzisiro ine sodium cyanide. Kunzwisisa mhedzisiro iyi kwakakosha pakugadzirisa iyo leaching maitiro. Nekugadzirisa kutariswa kweiyo reagent, kudzora maitiro emamiriro, uye kufunga nezvezvakatipoteredza uye kuchengetedza zvinhu, zvinokwanisika kuwana yakanyatsoita uye yakagadzikana kutorwa kwegoridhe, sirivheri, uye mamwe masimbi akakosha. Kumwe kutsvagisa uye zvidzidzo zvekuyedza zvichiri kudikanwa kuti uongorore zvizere kugona kweiyi co - iripo sisitimu pasi pemhando dzakasiyana dzeore uye mamiriro ekugadzirisa, nechinangwa chekuenderera mberi nekuvandudza tekinoroji yekuchera indasitiri yesimbi.