Impembelelo yeSodium Cyanide Leaching kwindawo yaseBusika yoBubushushu obuphantsi

intshayelelo

I-Cyanide leaching, inkqubo esetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwishishini lemigodi yokukhupha iintsimbi ezixabisekileyo ezifana negolide kunye nesilivere kwi-ores, ibe ngumxholo wophando oluqhubekayo kunye nokwenza ngcono. Inkqubo ibandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwe-a Isodium cyanide isisombululo sokunyibilikisa isinyithi esixabisekileyo, ukwenza i-complex i-cyanide iikhompawundi. Nangona kunjalo, ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokusebenza kwale nkqubo kunokuphenjelelwa kakhulu zizinto ezahlukeneyo, phakathi kwazo ubushushu budlala indima ebalulekileyo. Ebusika, xa iindawo ezinobushushu obuphantsi buhlala, inkqubo ye-cyanide leaching idibana nemingeni ekhethekileyo enokuthi ibe nefuthe kwinkqubo yokukhutshwa, ukuqina kwezoqoqosho, kunye nefuthe lokusingqongileyo. Eli nqaku ligocagoca kwiimpembelelo ezithile zamaqondo obushushu aphantsi ISodium Cyanide Leaching, ukuphonononga iindlela ezisisiseko zeekhemikhali kunye nezomzimba, kunye nokuxoxa ngezisombululo ezinokubakho zokunciphisa iingxaki ezinxulumene nazo.

I-Kinetics ye-Chemical Reaction kuBubushushu obuphantsi

Ukusabela kweekhemikhali kwinkqubo yokuvuza kwecyanide kuxhomekeke kubushushu. Ukusabela phakathi sodium cyanide, ioksijini, kunye neentsimbi ezixabisekileyo, nto leyo ephumela ekuyilweni kwezakhiwo zesinyithi-cyanide ezinyibilikayo, ngokuqhelekileyo ziyingozi kakhulu. Njengoko iqondo lobushushu lincipha, isantya esenzeka ngaso ezi ntshukumo zemichiza siyehla kakhulu. Kumxholo we-cyanide leaching, amaqondo obushushu asezantsi athetha ukuba ukusabela phakathi kwee-ion ze-cyanide kunye ne-athomu zentsimbi exabisekileyo kumphezulu we-ore kwenzeka ngesantya esincitshisiweyo. Eli nqanaba lokusabela licothayo likhokelela ngokuthe ngqo kwixesha elide elifunekayo leaching ukuze kuphunyezwe umgangatho ofanayo wokutsalwa kwesinyithi njengakwimeko zobushushu obuphezulu. Kwezinye iimeko, ukuba iqondo lobushushu liyehla kakhulu, ukusabela kunokucotha kangangokuba ukusebenza kwenkqubo yokucoca kuphazamiseke kakhulu.

Ukunyibilika kweCyanide kunye neMetal Complexes

Ubushushu bukwachaphazela ukunyibilika kwezinto ezibandakanyekayo kwinkqubo ye-cyanide leaching. Ukunyibilika kwe-sodium cyanide kuyatshintsha kunye nobushushu, kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo, njengoko iqondo lobushushu lisihla, ukunyibilika kwezinto ezininzi eziqinileyo emanzini kuncipha. Kuba Isodium cyanide, ukuhla okuphawulekayo kwiqondo lokushisa kunokubangela ukuba i-ion cyanide kwisisombululo siqalise ukukhupha ngaphandle ukuba ugxininiso ludlula into enokunyibilika kwiqondo lokushisa eliphantsi. Le mvula ayinciphisi kuphela isixa esisebenzayo se-cyanide esifumanekayo kwintshukumo yokuvuza kodwa inokuvala imibhobho kunye nezixhobo.

Ngaphezu koko, i-solubility ye-metal-cyanide complexes eyenziwe ngexesha lenkqubo yokukhupha i-leaching iyancipha ubushushu. Kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi, ezi complexes zinganyibilika kancinci. Ukuba zigqithisa, iintsimbi ezixabisekileyo zisuswa kwisisombululo, zithintela ukuqhubeka nokubuyisela. Imvula ye-metal-cyanide complexes inokwenza iidiphozithi eziqinileyo kumphezulu we-ore, ithintele ii-ion ze-cyanide ekufikeleleni kumasuntswana esinyithi anqabileyo aseleyo kwaye ithintele ngakumbi inkqubo yokucoca.

I-Viscosity kunye nokusabalalisa kwiZisombululo zoBubushushu obuphantsi

I-viscosity yesisombululo se-cyanide iyanda kumaqondo okushisa aphantsi. I-Viscosity ilinganisa ukuxhathisa kolwelo ukuhamba. Njengoko iqondo lobushushu liyehla, iimolekyuli ezikwisisombululo zihamba kancinci kwaye zisebenzisana ngamandla, zenza isisombululo sibe ngqindilili. Kwisisombululo se-cyanide esine-viscous esiphezulu, kuba nzima ngakumbi kwi-cyanide ion kunye ne-oxygen molecules, eziyimfuneko kwi-reaction leaching reaction, ukuhamba ngesisombululo ukufikelela kwi-particle ore.

Ngokwemigaqo yokusasazwa, isantya apho ezi reactants zisasazeka ngesisombululo sihambelana ngokungafaniyo ne-viscosity yesisombululo. Ke, kwisisombululo esishinyeneyo, sobushushu obusezantsi becyanide, iireactants zithatha ixesha elide ukufikelela kumphezulu ore, ziphinde zicothe isantya esipheleleyo sokuvuza. Esi siphumo siphawuleka ngakumbi kwimisebenzi yemfumba, apho isisombululo sifuna ukuhamba ngeemfumba ezinkulu zentsimbi. Ukunyuka kwe-viscosity kunokubangela ukuba isisombululo sihambe ngokungalingani, okukhokelela ekuphumeni okungahambi kakuhle kwezinye iindawo kunye nokushiya ngasemva iintsimbi ezinqabileyo ezinqabileyo.

Impembelelo kwiZixhobo nakwiziSeko ezinguNdoqo

Imimandla yobushushu obuphantsi nayo ibeka imingeni kwizixhobo kunye neziseko zophuhliso ezisetyenziswa kwinkqubo yokukhutshwa kwecyanide. Imibhobho, iimpompo, kunye neetanki zokugcina zonke zisengozini kwingqele. Ukunyuka kwe-viscosity yesisombululo se-cyanide kubeka uxinzelelo olongezelelweyo kwiimpompo, okwenza ukuba basebenze nzima ukugcina izinga lokuhamba elifunwayo. Oku kunokukhokelela kusetyenziso oluphezulu lwamandla kunye nokunxiba ngakumbi kunye nokukrazula kumalungu epompo, okunokuthi kunciphise ubomi babo.

Ukongezelela, umngcipheko wokukhenkceza kwimibhobho kunye neetanki zokugcina yinkxalabo enkulu. Ukuba isisombululo se-cyanide sinqanda, sinokugqabhuka imibhobho kwaye kubangele ukuba izixhobo zingasebenzi kakuhle. Nokuba ayikhenkceke ngokupheleleyo, ukubunjwa kweekristale zomkhenkce kusenokuphazamisa ukuhamba kwaye kubangele imiqobo. Ukuthintela le miba, imisebenzi yemigodi idla ngokutyalomali kwiinkqubo zokufudumeza ezongezelelweyo kunye ne-insulation yezixhobo zabo kunye nemibhobho kwimimandla ebandayo. Nangona kunjalo, la manyathelo anyusa iindleko zokusebenza zizonke zenkqubo yemigodi.

Iingqwalaselo zokusiNgqongileyo kwiCyanide yoBubushushu obuphantsi

Iinkxalabo zokusingqongileyo ezinxulumene ne-cyanide leaching ziba nzima ngakumbi kwiindawo ezinobushushu obuphantsi. Umngcipheko wokuchitheka kwecyanide kunye nokuvuza kuhlala kukho kwimisebenzi yemigodi, kwaye kwiimeko ezibandayo, iziphumo zinokuba nzima ngakumbi. Ukuba isisombululo secyanide siyachitheka kwindawo enobushushu obuphantsi, amaqondo obushushu asezantsi athomalalisa ukophuka kwendalo kwecyanide kwimekobume. I-Cyanide inetyhefu kwiintlobo ezininzi zobomi, kwaye ukuzingisa kwayo ngenxa yobushushu obuphantsi kunokubeka isoyikiso esikhulu kubomi basemanzini, kwizinto eziphilayo zomhlaba, kunye nempilo enokubakho yabantu ukuba indawo engcolileyo ikufuphi nemithombo yamanzi okanye imimandla ehlala abantu.

Ngaphaya koko, i-viscosity eyandisiweyo kunye nemvula enokubakho ye-cyanide kunye ne-metal complexes kwiimeko zobushushu obuphantsi kwenza kube nzima ukunyanga ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokulahla izisombululo zenkunkuma. Iinkqubo zolawulo lwenkunkuma ezenzelwe izisombululo ezinobushushu obuqhelekileyo obune-cyanide zisenokungasebenzi ngokufanelekileyo kwimozulu ebandayo, zinyusa umngcipheko wokungcoliseka kwendalo ukuba azilungiswanga kakuhle.

Ubuchule bokuNciphisa iMpembelelo yamaqondo obushushu aphantsi

Ukufudumeza isisombululo seCyanide

Enye indlela yokulwa nemiphumo emibi yobushushu obuphantsi kukufudumala isisombululo se-cyanide. Ngokunyusa ubushushu, isantya sokuphendula sinokuphucuka, ukunyibilika kwe-cyanide kunye nee-metal complexes kunokugcinwa, kwaye i-viscosity ingancitshiswa. Izifudumezi zomlilo ezifakwe emanzini ziye zasetyenziswa kweminye imisebenzi yokwemba ngenxa yokusebenza kwazo okuphezulu kobushushu. Nangona kunjalo, le ndlela inokuzisa ezinye iingxaki, njengokunyibilikisa isixa esikhulu se- ICarbon i-dioxide kwisisombululo se-alkaline cyanide, esinokubangela ukungcola kwemibhobho. Enye indlela kukusebenzisa izitshintshi zobushushu, ezinokufudumeza isisombululo ngempumelelo ngaphandle kokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zeekhemikhali ezininzi kwaye zisetyenziswe ngempumelelo kwiindawo ezininzi zokumba.

Ukulungelelanisa iiReagents zeMichiza kunye neeMeko

Ukuphucula ii-reagents zeekhemikhali kunye neemeko kunokunceda ukunciphisa impembelelo yobushushu obuphantsi. Ngokomzekelo, ukulungelelanisa i-pH yesisombululo se-cyanide kunokuchaphazela ukunyibilika kunye nokusebenza kwakhona kwezinto ezibandakanyekayo kwinkqubo yokucoca. Kwezinye iimeko, ukutshintsha kancinane i-pH ukuya kuluhlu olufanelekileyo ngakumbi kwiimeko zobushushu obuphantsi kunokunyusa uzinzo lwezikhompleksi ze-metal-cyanide kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-leaching. Ukongeza, ukusetyenziswa kwezongezo ezithile okanye ii-catalysts kunokuphononongwa. Ezinye izinto zinokuthoba amandla afunekayo kwimpendulo ye-leaching, ngaloo ndlela yenze ireyithi yokusabela ecothayo ebangelwa ngamaqondo obushushu aphantsi. Nangona kunjalo, ukhetho lwezongezo lufuna ukuphononongwa ngononophelo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba azenzi iingxaki ezintsha zokusingqongileyo okanye zokusebenza.

Izixhobo zokugquma kunye nokuKhusela

Ukujongana nemingeni yezixhobo kunye neziseko ezingundoqo kwiindawo eziphantsi kweqondo lokushisa, i-insulation comprehensive kunye nemilinganiselo yokukhusela iyimfuneko. Imibhobho kunye neetanki zokugcina zinokugqunywa ngemathiriyeli efana nefiberglass okanye ugwebu ukunciphisa ukulahleka kobushushu kunye nokuthintela umkhenkce. Iiteyiphu zokufudumeza okanye ukulandelela iinkqubo zokufudumeza zingafakelwa kwimibhobho ukugcina isisombululo se-cyanide esihambayo kwiqondo lokushisa elifanelekileyo. Ukugcinwa rhoqo kunye nokuhlolwa kwezixhobo kubalulekile ukufumanisa naziphi na iimpawu zokuguga okanye umonakalo obangelwa yingqele ngexesha elifanelekileyo. Oku kunokunceda ukukhusela izixhobo ezinkulu kunye nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo ye-cyanide leaching.

isiphelo

Impembelelo yeendawo eziphantsi kweqondo lokushisa ebusika kwi-sodium cyanide leaching kwishishini lezimayini linamacala amaninzi kwaye linzima. Ukusuka ekunciphiseni ukusabela kweekhemikhali kunye nokuchaphazela ukunyibilika kunye nokusabalalisa ukubeka imingeni kwizixhobo kunye neziseko ezingundoqo kunye nokwandisa ingozi yokusingqongileyo, ukushisa okuphantsi kunokunciphisa kakhulu ukusebenza kunye nokusebenza kwenkqubo yokucoca. Nangona kunjalo, ngokuphumeza izicwangciso ezifanelekileyo ezifana nokufudumeza isisombululo, ukulungelelanisa iimeko zeekhemikhali, kunye nokukhusela izixhobo, imisebenzi yemigodi inokunciphisa ezi mpembelelo kwaye iqhube i-cyanide leaching kwimimandla ebandayo. Njengoko imfuno yeentsimbi ezixabisekileyo ihlala iphezulu kwaye imisebenzi yemigodi isanda kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo, uphando olongezelelweyo kunye nophuhliso ekuphuculeni i-cyanide leaching kwiimeko zobushushu obuphantsi kuya kubaluleka ekusebenzeni kwexesha elide kunye nokuzinza koshishino lwemigodi.