Eyona Nkqubo iPhambili yokuGutyuza iCyanidation Leaching kwiMigodi yeGolide

intshayelelo

I-Cyanidation leaching, esetyenziswe kwimveliso yoshishino ukususela ngo-1887 Inkqubo yokuLeaching esebenzisa benqanda izisombululo njengee-agent zokukhupha igolide kunye nesilivere kwigolide kunye nesilivere-equlethe izinto zeminerali ekrwada. I-agitation cyanidation leaching yenye yeendlela ezibalulekileyo kwi-cyanidation leaching, kwaye isetyenziswa kakhulu kwishishini lemigodi yegolide.

Umgaqo-siseko wokuLuleka kweCyanidation Leaching

Cyanide, ezifana Isodium cyanide (NaCN), i-reagent ephambili kwinkqubo ye-cyanidation. Isodium cyanide yikristale engenambala kwaye ecacileyo, ihlala ingwevu-tyheli ngenxa yokungcola. Inyibilika kakhulu emanzini, kunye nokunyibilika kwamanzi okungaphezulu kwama-20%. Xa i-pH yesisombululo sayo se-aqueous i-acidified pH = 7. i-cyanide iphantse ibole ibe yigesi eguqukayo ye-hydrogen cyanide, eyigesi engenambala kwaye enetyhefu kakhulu. Kwisisombululo, i-hydrogen cyanide yi-asidi ebuthathaka, enzima ukuyifaka i-ionize, kwaye ayinayo i-leaching effect kwigolide nesilivere. Xa ixabiso le-pH liyi-12. i-cyanide kwisisombululo phantse iyahlukana ngokupheleleyo kwi-ion cyanide. Ngoko ke, umsebenzi we-cyanidation kufuneka uqhutywe kwi-alkaline medium.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, phambi kweoksijini, i-cyanidation leaching yegolide yinkqubo ye-electrochemical corrosion. I-Cyanide iphendula kunye negolide kwindawo yealkaline ngokuthatha inxaxheba kweoksijini, yenze iicomplexes zegolide ezinyibilikayo zegolide zecyanide, ngaloo ndlela ivumela ukunyibilika kwegolide kwintsimbi ekrwada.

Inkqubo yeAgitation Cyanidation Leaching

1. Ukulungiswa kokuLeaching kweMathiriyeli ekrwada

• Ukuchithwa: Intsimbi ekrwada ekrwada yombiwa kuqala ifakwa kwisityuli ukuze icunyuzwe. Inkqubo yokutyumza yahlulwe ibe yintlaka erhabaxa, ukutyumza okuphakathi, kunye nokutyumza kakuhle. Izityumzi zemihlathi kunye nezityuli zekhowuni zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukutyumza okurhabaxa naphakathi, ikakhulu ukuqhekeza amaqhekeza amakhulu entsimbi ekrwada abe ngamasuntswana amancinane, ubukhulu becala bubukhulu besuntswana elilawulwa kwiisentimitha ezimbalwa. Izityumzi zehamile zisetyenziselwa ikakhulu ukutyumza kakuhle.

• besila: Intsimbi ekrwada etyunyuziweyo ingena kwilitye lokusila ukuze iphinde icule ukuya kumlinganiselo wamasuntswana afanelekileyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, kufuneka ukuba ubukhulu be-ore particle bufikelele -200 mesh accounting ye-60% - 90%, ukwenzela ukuba izimbiwa zegolide zihlulwe ngokupheleleyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, izingqusho zebhola zohlobo lwe-lattice zisetyenziselwa ukungqusha okurhabaxa, kwaye iibhola zebhola eziphuphumayo zisetyenziselwa ukusila kakuhle.

• ULungiselelo oluludaka: I-pulp ye-ore yomhlaba ingena kwitanki eshukumisayo. Ubungakanani obufanelekileyo bamanzi bongezwa ukulungelelanisa i-pulp ore concentration, elawulwa ngokubanzi kwi-30% - 50%. Kwangaxeshanye, izilungelelanisi ezifana nekalika zongezwa ukunyenyisa ixabiso le-pH yentlaka ekrwada ukuya kwi-10 - 11. Ukudala imeko-bume yealkaline ekhuthaza ukuvuza kwe-cyanidation kunye nokuthintela ukunyibilika kobunye ukungcola.

2. Agitation Cyanidation Leaching

• Leaching Reagent Ukongeza: arhente Cyanide ezifana sodium cyanide (NaCN) okanye i-potassium cyanide (KCN) yongezwa kwi-pulp ore elungisiweyo. Phantsi kweemeko ezishukumayo ngokupheleleyo, icyanide idibana nekhemikhali negolide yenze iicomplexes zegolide ezinyibilikayo zecyanide.

• Izixhobo zokuLeaching: Inkqubo leaching idla ngokuqhutywa kuthotho-eziqhagamshelwe itanki agilating. Iitanki zokuphazamiseka zingohlulwa zibe ziindidi ezintathu ngokweendlela ezahlukeneyo zokuxutywa: iitanki ezixineneyo zokuphazamiseka komoya, iitanki zokuzamazama ngoomatshini, okanye iitanki eziphazamisayo ezixutyiweyo.

• Iimeko zokuLeaching: Uxinzelelo lwe Isodium cyanide kwipulp yentsimbi idla ngokuba yi-0.02% - 0.1%. Ikalika yongezwa ngexesha lokusebenza ukwenza i-ore pulp pH = 9 - 12. Umoya uzaliswe ukuze kugcinwe umlinganiselo ongcono kakhulu phakathi koxinzelelo lwe-oksijini enyibilikileyo kunye ne-sodium cyanide concentration kwi-pulp ore. Ixesha lokucheba lidla ngokuba ziiyure ezingama-24 ukuya kwezingama-48 ukuqinisekisa ukuba igolide inyibilika ngokupheleleyo.

3. Ukwahlula okuSolid-ulwelo kunye neWashing

• Ukwahlula okuSolid-olwelo: Emva kwe-leaching, i-pulp ye-ore iphantsi kokwahlulwa kolwelo oluqinileyo ngokusebenzisa izixhobo ezinje nge-thickeners kunye nezihluzi zokufumana isisombululo esithwele igolide kunye nentsalela yokutshiza. I-Thickeners isebenzisa umgaqo we-gravitational sedimentation ukwenza amasuntswana aqinileyo kwi-pulp ye-ore ahlale ezantsi, kwaye i-supernatant sisisombululo esithwele igolide. Izihluzi ziphinda zihluze ukuqukuqela okungaphantsi kwesitshixo ukuphucula isiphumo sokwahlulwa kolwelo oluqinileyo.

• Ukuhlamba: Ukuze ufumane ukwahlula okwaneleyo phakathi kwe-cyanide leachate kunye nentsalela ye-leach, inkqubo yokuhlamba ye-3 - 5 izigaba zokuqina, ukuhluza, okanye ukudibanisa kwezi zibini zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi. Lo ngumsebenzi ongundoqo wokukhutshwa kwe-cyanidation. Indlela esetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo yindlela yokuqhawula i-countercurrent decantation (indlela yeCCD). I-thickeners esetyenziswe kule ndlela inokwahlulwa ibe yi-single-layer kunye neentlobo ezininzi. Uninzi lwee-concentrators ze-cyanidation e-China zisebenzisa i-2 - 3 - i-thickeners layers yokwahlula okuqinileyo-ulwelo kunye nokuhlanjwa okuqhubekayo.

4. UkuBuyiswa kweGolide

• Indlela yokufuduswa kweZinc Powder: I-zinc powder yongezwa kwisisombululo sokukhulelwa kwegolide. I-Zinc isabela kunye ne-cyanide yegolide entsonkothileyo kwimpendulo yokufuduswa, yehlisa igolide ukuya kwigolide yentsimbi kunye nokunyuka kwayo. Emva kokuhluzwa, kufunyanwa udaka lwegolide, kwaye udaka lwegolide lunyibilikiswa ngeenkqubo ezinjengokunyibilika ukuze kufumaneke igolide ekrwada.

• Indlela ye-Carbon Adsorption esebenzayo: Ikhabhoni esebenzayo yongezwa kwisisombululo esikhulelweyo segolide, kwaye igolide ye-cyanide complex ibhengezwa yikhabhoni esebenzayo. Emva koko, igolide ifunyanwa kwikhabhoni esebenzayo ngokusebenzisa iinkqubo ezinje nge-desorption kunye ne-electrowinning. Le ndlela inokuphinda ihlulwe kwindlela ye-carbon-in-pulp (CIP) kunye ne-carbon-in-leach method (CIL).

• Inkqubo yeCIP: Okokuqala, i-cyanidation leaching iyenziwa, kwaye emva koko ikhabhoni esebenzayo yongezwa kwipulp ye-ore ukubhengeza igolide. Kwinkqubo ye-CIP, i-leaching kunye ne-adsorption yimisebenzi emibini ezimeleyo. Kwi-adsorption operation, inkqubo ye-leaching igqityiwe ngokusisiseko, kwaye ubukhulu, ubuninzi, kunye neemeko zokusebenza kweetanki ze-adsorption zichongwa yimilinganiselo ye-adsorption.

• Inkqubo ye-CIL: Ikhabhoni esebenzayo yongezwa kwi-tank leaching, kwaye i-leaching kunye ne-adsorption iqhutyelwa ngaxeshanye, oko kukuthi, i-leaching kunye ne-adsorption yenzeke ngexesha elifanayo. Kwinkqubo ye-CIL, i-leaching kunye nemisebenzi ye-adsorption yenziwa ngaxeshanye. Ngokubanzi, ukusebenza kwe-leaching kufuna ixesha elide kunokusebenza kwe-adsorption. Ke ngoko, ubungakanani, i-aeration, kunye ne-dosing yetanki imiselwe ngokweeparamitha zokuvuza. Ekubeni izinga le-adsorption ngumsebenzi woxinaniso lwegolide enyibilikisiweyo kwisisombululo, ukwenzela ukwandisa ukugxininiswa kwegolide enyibilikisiweyo ngaphambili - iitanki ze-adsorption inxalenye kwaye kwangaxeshanye ukwandisa ixesha le-leaching, i-1 - 2 izigaba ze-pre-leaching zidla ngokudityaniswa ngaphambi kokuba i-leaching kunye ne-adsorption.

5. Unyango lweTailings

Amanqaku emva UkuBuyiswa kwegolide zidla ngokuba nezixa ezithile zentsalela yecyanide kunye nobunye ukungcola. Ngeemfuno zokusingqongileyo, ii-tailings kufuneka ziphathwe ngokufanelekileyo. Iindlela zonyango eziqhelekileyo ziquka iindlela ze-chemical oxidation (ezifana ne-sulphur dioxide - indlela yomoya), ukubola kwendalo, okanye iindlela zokunciphisa i-biodegradation ukunciphisa ukuxinwa kwe-cyanide eseleyo ibe ngaphantsi komgangatho wesizwe kunye nokuthintela ukungcoliseka kwendalo. Iintsila eziphathwayo zinokulahlwa ngokupakishwa okanye ezinye iindlela ezifanelekileyo.

isiphelo

I-agitation cyanidation leaching yinkqubo ebalulekileyo ekutsalweni kwegolide kwizinto ezikrwada zegolide. Ngokusebenzisa uthotho lweenkqubo ezifana nokulungiswa kwemathiriyeli ekrwada, ukuvuza, ukwahlulwa kolwelo oluqinileyo, ukubuyiswa kwegolide, kunye nokucocwa kweentsalela zezimbiwa, igolide inokutsalwa ngokusebenzayo kwintsimbi ekrwada yegolide. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yetyhefu ye-cyanide, kwinkqubo yokusetyenziswa Agitation Cyanidation Leaching, ingqwalasela engqongqo kufuneka ihlawulwe kwimveliso yokhuseleko kunye nokukhuselwa kwendalo ukuze kuqinisekiswe uphuhliso oluzinzileyo lweshishini lemigodi yegolide.