Uhlalutyo lwendima yeCatalytic yeSodium Cyanide kuShishino lwePetrochemical

intshayelelo

Sodium i-cyanide (I-NaCN), njengekhompawundi ebalulekileyo ye-inorganic, ibonisa iziphumo ezibalulekileyo kwi-catalytic Ushishino lwePetrochemical ngenxa yeempawu zayo ezizodwa zeekhemikhali. I-alkalinity yayo eyomeleleyo, amandla okulungelelaniswa, kunye ne-nucleophilicity yenza ukuba ibe yinto ephambili okanye isongezo kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeekhemikhali. Eli nqaku liza kuxubusha indima yalo kwishishini lepetrochemical ukusuka kwimiba efana ne I-Catalytic Mechanism, iindawo zesicelo, kunye nokhuseleko.

I. I-Catalytic Mechanism yeSodium Cyanide

1.Ukwenziwa kweeNgxaki zeMetal

I-ion ye-CN⁻ inamandla okulungelelanisa ngokugqithiseleyo kwaye inokwenza ii-complexes ezizinzile kunye neentsimbi eziguqukayo (ezifana ne-Ni, Co, Fe, njl.). Ezi zintsonkothileyo zinokuvula iimolekyuli ze-substrate kwi-catalytic reactions kunye nokunciphisa amandla okusebenza kokusabela. Ngokomzekelo, kwi-hydrocyan of olefins, i-catalyst eyenziwe yi Isodium cyanide kunye neetyuwa ze-nickel zinokukhuthaza ngokufanelekileyo ukusabela okongeziweyo kwe-olefins kunye ne-HCN ukuvelisa I-Nitrile Compounds.

2.Nucleophilic Catalysis

Njengesiseko esomeleleyo, sodium cyanide inokubonelela nge-CN⁻ njenge-reagent ye-nucleophilic ukuthatha inxaxheba kwi-nucleophilic substitution okanye iimpendulo ezongezelelweyo. Ngokomzekelo, kwi-cyanidation ye-halogenated hydrocarbons, i-CN⁻ ithatha indawo ye-halogen ukuze yenze i-nitrile compounds, eyona ndlela ibalulekileyo yokwenziwa kwe-organic nitriles.

3. Ukulawulwa kweNdawo yeAlkaline

I-sodium cyanide hydrolyzes ukuvelisa i-NaOH kunye ne-HCN, enokulawula ixabiso le-pH yenkqubo yokuphendula kunye nokukhuthaza ukusabela okuthile kwe-acid-base catalytic (njenge-hydrolysis okanye i-condensation ye-esters).

II. Izicelo eziqhelekileyo kuShishino lwePetrochemical

1.Ukwenziwa kweeNdibaniselwano zeNitrile

• Ukuveliswa kwe-Acrylonitrile: Kwinkqubo ye-ammoxidation yepropylene ukuvelisa i-acrylonitrile, Isodium cyanide ingasetyenziswa njenge-catalyst additive to improve the reaction selectivity and isivuno.

• Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-Adiponitrile: Ngokusebenzisa i-hydrocyanation reaction ye-1.3-butadiene, i-sodium cyanide ivuselela ukubunjwa kwe-adiponitrile, eyona nto ingundoqo ye-nylon-66.

2.I-Carbonylation Synthesis kunye ne-Hydrogenation Reactions

• Kwi-carbonylation synthesis reaction, i-sodium cyanide yenza i-synergistically kunye ne-cobalt catalyst ukukhuthaza ukusabela okongeziweyo kwe-olefins kunye ne-CO kunye ne-H₂ ukuvelisa i-aldehyde okanye iikhompawundi zotywala.

• Njengokongeza kwiimpendulo ze-hydrogenation, i-sodium cyanide inokulawula umgangatho we-elektroniki we-catalyst yesinyithi kunye nokuphucula umsebenzi wokuphendula.

3.Ipetroleum Cracking kunye neDesulfurization

• Ngethuba lenkqubo yokuqhaqha i-petroleum, i-sodium cyanide inokuthintela ukuphendulwa kwe-coking kunye nokwandisa ubomi benkonzo ye-catalyst.

• Isetyenziselwa ukukhutshwa kweekhompawundi ezinesulfure (ezifana nokususwa kwe-mercaptan). Ngokusebenzisa i-nucleophilic substitution reactions, i-mercaptans iguqulwa ibe yi-sulfides okanye i-disulfides.

III. Izinto eziluncedo kunye nemingeni

eziluncedo:

• Umsebenzi ophezulu we-catalytic kunye nokukhetha, okufanelekileyo kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokuphendula eziyinkimbinkimbi.

• Iindleko eziphantsi kwaye zilula kwisicelo soshishino.

mngeni:

• Umngcipheko wetyhefu: I-sodium cyanide inetyhefu kakhulu, kwaye ulawulo olungqongqo lweemeko zokusebenza luyafuneka ukuthintela ukuvuza okanye ukudibana.

• Imiba yokusiNgqongileyo: Amanzi amdaka ane-cyanide afuna ukucocwa (njengendlela ye-alkaline chlorination) ukuhlangabezana nemigangatho yokukhupha ukuphepha iingozi zendalo.

• Ukhuphiswano oluvela kwi-Alternative Technologies: Ngophuhliso lwekhemikhali eluhlaza, i-biocatalysis okanye i-ionic liquid catalysts ngokuthe ngcembe ithatha indawo yezinye iinkqubo ze-sodium cyanide.

IV. Ukhuseleko kunye neMilinganiselo yoKhuseleko lokusiNgqongileyo

1. Ukhuseleko lweMveliso: Sebenzisa izixhobo ezivaliweyo, zixhotyiswe nge-hydrogen cyanide yokufumanisa kunye nenkqubo ye-alamu, kunye nabaqhubi kufuneka banxibe iimpahla zokukhusela kunye neemaski zegesi.

2. Unyango lwamanzi amdaka: Guqula i-CN⁻ ibe yi-CO₂ engeyiyo ityhefu kunye ne-N₂ ngokusebenzisa indlela ye-oxidation (efana nokusebenzisa i-ClO₂ okanye i-H₂O₂).

3. Inkqubo yokuPhucula: Ukuphuhlisa itekhnoloji yokubuyisela kwakhona ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide; phonononga iinkqubo ze-catalytic ezingena-cyanide (ezifana nokusebenzisa i-nitriles ephilayo njengento ebambeleyo).

isiphelo

I-sodium cyanide, eneempawu zayo ezizodwa, idlala indima ebalulekileyo kushishino lwepetrochemical, ngakumbi kwimimandla efana ne-nitrile synthesis kunye ne-carbonylation reactions, apho ingenakuphinda ibuyiselwe. Nangona kunjalo, ubutyhefu bayo kunye nemingcipheko yokusingqongileyo ikwaqhuba ishishini ukuba liguqukele kubuchwephesha obukhuselekileyo nobuluhlaza. Kwixesha elizayo, kunye nenkqubela phambili yoyilo lwe-catalyst kunye nokulungiswa kwenkqubo, ukusetyenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide kuya kusebenza ngakumbi kwaye kuzinzileyo.