Imigaqo-siseko yeGold Cyanidation Leaching

I-Gold cyanidation, inkqubo ye-hydrometallurgical ebaluleke kakhulu, ibe sisiseko sekona ukutsalwa kwegolide ngaphezulu kwenkulungwane ukusukela ekurhwebeni kwayo ngeminyaka yoo-1890. Eli nqaku ligocagoca kwiinkqubo ezingundoqo zekhemikhali kunye nezomzimba ezixhasa icyanidation leaching yegolide, inika ukuqonda okubanzi kobu buchule buyimfuneko kwishishini lemigodi yegolide.

Iimpendulo zeMichiza: Intliziyo yeCyanidation

Inkqubo ye-cyanidation ixhomekeke kwi-reactivity eyodwa yegolide kubukho be iiyoni zecyanide (CN⁻) kunye ne-oxidant, ngokuqhelekileyo ioksijini evela emoyeni. Indlela esisiseko yokusabela kwekhemikhali inokushwankathelwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: Iintshulube ezine zegolide (Au), zidibana neentuku ezisibhozo zegolide. Isodium cyanide (I-NaCN), enye i-moles ye-oksijeni (O₂) evela emoyeni, kunye ne-moles ezimbini zamanzi (H₂O), ukuvelisa i-moles ezine ze-sodium dicyanoaurate (I) (Na[Au (CN) ₂]) kunye ne-moles ezine ze-sodium hydroxide (NaOH).

Kule mpendulo, iiathom zegolide zifakwa kwi-oxidation ye- +1 kwaye zenze i-dicyanoaurate(I) ezinzileyo iikhompleksi \([Au(CN)_2]^- \). I-Cyanide ions isebenza njengee-agent ezixubileyo, ukuzinzisa i-ion zegolide kwisisombululo, ngelixa i-oksijini isebenza njenge-electron receptor, iqhuba i-oxidation yegolide. Le redox - indlela entsonkothileyo ivumela ukunyibilika okukhethiweyo kwegolide kwi-ores yayo, nokuba iphantsi. i-cyanide ugxininiso (0.01 - 0.1%).

Iinkqubo zeMzimba: Ukudluliselwa koMninzi kunye neKinetics yokuLeaching

Ngaphaya kweempendulo zeekhemikhali, ukusebenza kakuhle kwe i-cyanidation yegolide ilawulwa ziinkqubo ezibonakalayo ezifana nokugqithiswa kobuninzi kunye nokusabalalisa. Umlinganiselo opheleleyo wokuvuza uchatshazelwa kukusasazwa kweereactants (icyanide kunye neoksijini) kumphezulu wegolide kunye nokusasazwa kokwakhiwa kwedicyanoaurate complexes kude nomphezulu. Ngokokuncipha - imodeli engundoqo, ukuvuzwa kwegolide kwenzeka ngamanyathelo amathathu alandelelanayo:

1. Ugqithiso olukhulu lwangaphandle: I-Cyanide kunye neoksijini zisasazeka kumaleko womda ojikeleze isuntswana legolide.

2. Ukusabela komphezulu: Ukwenziwa kwe-oxidation kunye nokuntsonkotha kwenzeka kwi-interface yesisombululo segolide.

3. Ukusasazwa kwangaphakathi: Izakhiwo zegolide ezenziweyo zecyanide zisasazeke ngaphandle kwesuntswana. Elona nyathelo licothayo kula manyathelo limisela umlinganiselo wokuvuza xa uwonke, kaninzi ilugqithiselo lobunzima lwangaphandle okanye ukusabela komphezulu, ngokuxhomekeke kwiimeko zokusebenza.

Imiba enempembelelo kwiCyanidation eFanekayo

Ziliqela izinto eziphambili ezinefuthe elikhulu ekusebenzeni kwegolide cyanidation:

• Ugxininiso lweCyanide: I-cyanide eyaneleyo iyadingeka ukwenza ii-complexes ezizinzileyo, kodwa iimali ezigqithisileyo zingakhokelela kwiindleko ezongezelelweyo kunye nokukhathazeka kokusingqongileyo. Ugxininiso olulungileyo luyahluka ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu ze-ore.

• Ukufumaneka kweoksijini: Ubonelelo lweoksijini olwaneleyo lubalulekile kwimpendulo ye-oxidation. Iindlela zokuphefumla, ezinje ngokuphazamiseka koomatshini okanye ukonakaliswa komoya, zisetyenziselwa ukomeleza ukuhanjiswa kweoksijini.

• Ulawulo lwe-pH: Inkqubo idla ngokuqhutywa kwi-pH ephezulu (9 - 11) ukucinezela ukubunjwa kwegesi eyityhefu ye-hydrogen cyanide (HCN). Ikalika idla ngokusetyenziswa ukugcina ipH efunekayo.

• Ore Mineralogy: Ubukho be-sulfides, izinto zekhabhoni, kunye nezinye iiminerali zinokuphazamisana ne-cyanidation. Umzekelo, iisulfides zinokutya i-cyanide kunye neoksijini, ngelixa i-carbonaceous matter inokubhengeza igolide-cyanide complexes, ibangele "ukuphanga."

Iindlela zokuphucula ukusebenza kweCyanidation

Ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokutsalwa kwegolide, iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuphucula zisetyenziswa:

• Unyango lwangaphambili: Ukurosa, i-oxidation yoxinzelelo, okanye i-bio-oxidation ingasetyenziswa kwintsimbi ekrwada eqaqanjiswayo ukususa iiminerali eziphazamisayo kunye nokuveza umphezulu wegolide.

• IziHlomelo: Imichiza efana ne-thiourea okanye i-ammonia inokudityaniswa ukuphucula izinga lokunyibilika okanye ukucinezela ukusabela kwecala.

• UYilo lweSixhobo esiLungileyo: Iireactors eziphucukileyo zokusebenzisa ukuxuba kunye nokudluliselwa kobuninzi, ezifana ne-tank reactors ephazamisekile okanye iinkqubo ze-leaching, zinokuphucula ukusebenza kwenkqubo iyonke.

Ukuqukumbela, igolide cyanidation leaching yinkqubo entsonkothileyo kodwa esebenzayo kakhulu edibanisa ukuphendula kweekhemikhali, ukuhanjiswa kobunzima bomzimba, kunye nokulawulwa ngononophelo kweeparamitha zokusebenza ezininzi. Ukuqonda le mithetho-siseko ingundoqo kubalulekile ekwandiseni iinkqubo zokukhutshwa kwegolide, ukuqinisekisa ukubakho koqoqosho, kunye nokunciphisa iimpembelelo zokusingqongileyo kwishishini lemigodi yegolide. Njengoko imfuno yegolide iqhubeka, uphando oluqhubekayo lujolise ekuphuhliseni iindlela ezisebenzayo, ezizinzileyo, kunye nezokusingqongileyo ze-cyanidation.