Ii-reagents zokuthintela ukuLeaching kweCopper kwi-Copper-Bearing Gold Ore Cyanidation

intshayelelo

I-Cyanidation yindlela esetyenziswa kakhulu nesebenzayo yokukhupha igolide kwii-ore ezinegolide, ingakumbi kwimeko yee-ore zegolide ezine-copper. Isekelwe kubuchule be- cyanide ion ukwenza ii-complexes ezizinzileyo ngegolide, okuvumela ukunyibilika kwegolide kwi-ore matrix. Isisombululo esisisiseko sekhemikhali kwinkqubo ye-cyanidation yegolide yi-4Au + 8NaCN+O_2 + 2H_2O=4Na[Au(CN)_2]+4NaOH. Le nkqubo ibililitye lesiseko kushishino lwemigodi yegolide kangangeminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo okuphezulu kunye nobuchwepheshe obuqondwa kakuhle.

Nangona kunjalo, xa kusetyenzwa ngegolide eneentsimbi zobhedu, ukubakho kweeminerali zobhedu kubeka imingeni ebalulekileyo. Iiminerali zobhedu eziqhelekileyo ezinxulumene negolide, ezifana ne-chalcopyrite (CuFeS_2), i-chalcocite (Cu_2S), i-malachite (Cu_2(OH)_2CO_3), kunye ne-azurite (Cu_3(OH)_2(CO_3)_2), ziyasebenza kakhulu kwizisombululo ze-cyanide. Umzekelo, kwi-medium equlethe i-cyanide, i-chalcocite inokusabela ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: Cu_2S + 4NaCN=2Na[Cu(CN)_2]+Na_2S. Ezi mpendulo zikhokelela ekusetyenzisweni kwe-cyanide eninzi. Ukusetyenziswa kakhulu kwe-cyanide akunyusanga nje kuphela iindleko zemveliso kodwa kunemiphumo yokusingqongileyo ngenxa yobuthi be-cyanide.

Ngaphezu koko, ukunyibilika kobhedu kunokuphazamisana neenkqubo ezilandelayo zokubuyiswa kwegolide . Amanqanaba aphezulu obhedu kwisisombululo se-cyanide anokunciphisa ukusebenza kakuhle kokwakheka kwe-gold-cyanide complex, ngaloo ndlela kunciphisa izinga lokuphuma kwegolide . Oku kungenxa yokuba ubhedu lukhuphisana negolide kwi-ions ze-cyanide kunye ne-oksijini kwisisombululo, nto leyo ephazamisa ukulingana kweekhemikhali okufunekayo ukuze kunyibilike igolide ngokufanelekileyo. Kwezinye iimeko, ukubakho kobhedu kunokubangela iingxaki kwiinkqubo ezisezantsi ezifana ne-zinc-cementation okanye i-carbon-in-pulp (CIP) yokubuyiswa kwegolide, nto leyo ekhokelela ekuncipheni kwamazinga okubuyiswa kwegolide kunye nomgangatho wemveliso ophantsi.

Kungoko ke, ukufumana ii-reagents ezisebenzayo zokuthintela ukuvuza kobhedu ngexesha lokutsalwa kwe-cyanidation kwee-ore zegolide ezine-copper kubaluleke kakhulu. Ezi reagents zinokunceda ukuphucula inkqubo yokutsalwa kwe-cyanidation, ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-cyanide , kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokutsalwa kwegolide, okwenza umsebenzi wokumba ube nempumelelo ngakumbi kwezoqoqosho kwaye ube nobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo. Kula macandelo alandelayo, siza kuhlola ii-reagents ezahlukeneyo eziye zafundwa zaza zasetyenziselwa le njongo.

Iimpawu zokuLeaching zeCopper kwiCyanide Solutions

Kwizisombululo ze-cyanide, iiminerali zobhedu ezinxulumene negolide zibonisa iindlela zokuziphatha ezahlukileyo. Iiminerali zobhedu eziqhelekileyo eziqhelekileyo ezifana ne-chalcopyrite (CuFeS_2) kunye ne-chalcocite (Cu_2S), kunye ne-malachite (Cu_2 (OH)_2CO_3), i-azurite (Cu_3 (OH) _2 (CO_3)_2), i-bornite (Cu_5FeS_4), i-cuprite (Cu_2O), kunye ne-copper yendalo, kunye ne-copper yendalo.

Ezi zimbiwa zobhedu zinokufakwa kwiqondo lobushushu begumbi (25 ^ {\ circ} C). Izinga le-leaching yobhedu lihluka ngokubanzi, ukusuka kwi-5 ukuya kwi-10% ukuya kwi-90%. Ngokomzekelo, i-malachite kunye ne-azurite, i-copper-carbonate minerals, iyasebenza kwizisombululo ze-cyanide. Ukusabela kweekhemikhali ze-malachite nge-cyanide kunokubonakaliswa njengeCu_2 (OH)_2CO_3+4NaCN + H_2O = 2Na[Cu(CN)_2]+Na_2CO_3 + 2NaOH. Oku kubonisa ukuba phantsi kwesenzo se-cyanide, ubhedu kwi-malachite lunokuchithwa ngokufanelekileyo.

Xa kujongwana ne-copper gold concentrates ephezulu, inkqubo yokukhuhla ngexesha le-cyanidation ineempawu ezithile "zeklinikhi". Ukusetyenziswa kwe-cyanide kuba phezulu kakhulu. Ngokuqhelekileyo, kwiiminerali ezahlukeneyo ze-copper, ukunyibilika kwe-1 gram ye-copper kufuna ukusetyenziswa kwe-2.3 - 3.4 grams ye -Sodium cyanide . Kwangaxeshanye, ukunyibilika kwe-copper kudla ne-oxygen kwisisombululo. Umzekelo, kwinkqubo yokukhuhla ye-chalcocite, i-reaction 2Cu_2S+8NaCN + O_2+2H_2O = 4Na[Cu(CN)_2]+2Na_2S + 4NaOH iyenzeka, engadli nje kuphela isixa esikhulu se-cyanide kodwa ikwasebenzisa ne-oxygen eninzi.

Ngaphezu koko, isiphumo se-leaching siba sibi kakhulu. Amanqanaba aphezulu obhedu kwisisombululo se-cyanide anokunciphisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwegolide - i-cyanide complex formation. Ubhedu lukhuphisana negolide kwi-ion ye-cyanide kunye ne-oxygen kwisisombululo. Ngenxa yoko, ulungelelwaniso lweekhemikhali olufunekayo ekuchithweni kwegolide ngokufanelekileyo luphazamisekile. Oku kukhokelela ekwehleni kwezinga legolide evuzayo kwaye kunokubangela iingxaki kwigolide elandelayo - iinkqubo zokubuyisela ezifana ne-zinc - cementation okanye i-carbon - in - pulp (CIP), ekugqibeleni ibangele igolide ephantsi - amazinga okubuyisela kunye nokunciphisa umgangatho wemveliso.

Ii-reagents eziqhelekileyo zokuthintela ukuLeaching kweCopper

Iityuwa ezikhokelayo

Iityuwa zelothe zidla ngokusetyenziswa njengee-reagents ukuthintela ukuvuza kobhedu kwicyanidation yobhedu olunentsimbi ekrwada yegolide. Iityuwa ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ziquka i-nitrate ye-lead (Pb(NO_3)_2), i-acetate ehamba phambili (C_4H_6O_4Pb\cdot3H_2O), kunye ne-lead oxide (PbO).

Umzekelo, thabatha i-lead acetate. Uphando lubonise ukuba ukongeza i-lead acetate ngaphambi kokuba i-cyanide leaching kunokuthintela ngempumelelo ukutsalwa kwe-copper, kuphucule ukutsalwa kwegolide nesilivere, kwaye kunciphise ukusetyenziswa kweSodium Cyanide . Kwi-concentrate ethile yegolide enomxholo we-copper we-4.92%, xa i-150 g/t ye-lead acetate yongezwa ngokuthe ngqo ngaphambi kokuba itsalwe, phantsi kweemeko zobunzima bokugaywa obuyi--0.037 mm ubukhulu bamasuntswana obuyi-95%, ixesha lokutsalwa kwe-48 h, uxinzelelo lwe-sodium cyanide lwe-0.5%, i-pH ye-12, kunye noxinzelelo lwe-pulp lwe-40%, umgangatho wegolide kwi-leaching residue unokwehliswa ube yi-1.20 g/t, izinga lokutsalwa kwegolide lifikelela kwi-97.55%, izinga lokubuyiswa kwesilivere yi-60.28%, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide yi-14.37 kg/t. Oku kubonisa ngokucacileyo isiphumo esihle se-lead acetate kule nkqubo.

Indlela yokuthintela iityuwa zelothe inokunxulumana nokusekwa kweekhompawundi ezinganyibilikiyo. Umzekelo, ilothe inokusabela ngesulfure - equlethe izinto ezikwintsimbi ekrwada ukuze zenze isulfide yelothe enganyibilikiyo. Le mpendulo inciphisa isixa sesulfure - equlethe izinto ezinokusabela ngeeminerali zobhedu, ngaloo ndlela inqanda ukuchithwa kweeminerali zobhedu. Ukongeza, iityuwa ezikhokelayo zinokuchaphazela iipropathi zomphezulu weeminerali zobhedu, zinciphise ukusebenza kwazo kwakhona kwisisombululo se-cyanide.

Iiarhente zokutshiza (umzekelo, iCitric Acid)

I-Chelating agents, ezifana ne-citric acid, nazo zinokudlala indima ekuvimbeleni ukukhupha ubhedu ngexesha le-cyanidation. I-chelating-type leaching-agents zoncedo ezifana ne-citric acid zisebenza ngendlela eyodwa. I-Citric acid iqulethe amaqela e-carboxyl kunye ne-hydroxyl, enokuthi i-chelate kunye ne-ion ezinobungozi ezifana ne-Cu^{2 +}, i-Zn^{2+}, i-Fe^{2+}, kunye ne-Fe^{3+} kwi-pulp ukwenza i-chelates ezinzileyo.

Ngokomzekelo, iqela le-carboxyl kwi-citric acid linokulungelelanisa kunye nee-ion zetsimbi ngokusebenzisa i-electron eyodwa-yesibini yee-athom ze-oksijini, zenza i-ring-like structure. Ngokutshisa ezi ion zetsimbi, i-citric acid inokuphelisa iimpembelelo zabo ezimbi kwinkqubo ye-cyanidation leaching, njengokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-oksijini kwisisombululo. Ngaphezu koko, i-citric acid inokuthintela ukuchithwa kweeminerali ze-ganggue ezifana ne-calcium- kunye ne-magnesium-equlethe iiminerali. Iyakwazi ukusebenzisana nomphezulu wale minerali ye-ganggue, ukutshintsha intlawulo yabo yomhlaba kunye ne-hydrophilic - i-hydrophobic properties, okwenza kube nzima ukunyibilika kwisisombululo se-cyanide. Oku kuthintelwa kweeminerali ze-ganggue kunokuphucula "i-oksijini esebenzayo esebenzayo" kwipulp. Xa iiminerali ze-ganggue kunqabile ukuba zinyibilike, zisebenzisa ioksijini encinci, kwaye ioksijini eninzi iyafumaneka kwi-cyanidation yegolide, eluncedo ekutsalweni kwegolide. Ngokubanzi, ukongezwa kwe-citric acid kunokunceda ekudaleni indawo yeekhemikhali ezifanelekileyo ngakumbi kwi-cyanidation yegolide, ukunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kwezinye ii-ion zetsimbi kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokutsalwa kwegolide.

Abanye (Intshayelelo emfutshane)

Ukongeza kwi-reagents ekhankanywe ngasentla, ukulawula ukuxinwa kwee-ion ze-cyanide kunokuba yindlela efanelekileyo yokunciphisa ukuchithwa kobhedu. Xa i-concentration ye-cyanide ion ilawulwa ngokufanelekileyo phakathi koluhlu oluthile, izinga lokusabela kweeminerali zobhedu kunye ne-cyanide lingancitshiswa. Umzekelo, kwezinye iintsimbi zegolide ezinomxholo ophezulu ngokulula - iiminerali zobhedu ezinyibilikayo, ngokugcina ingxinano ye-CN ^ - ion ikwinqanaba elisezantsi kakhulu (elifana ne-0.05% - 0.10%), isantya sokunyibilika kwezimbiwa zobhedu sinokucotha kakhulu, ngelixa isantya sokuchithwa kwezimbiwa zegolide sisasebenza kakhulu kwi-anide yegolide. iiminerali.

Enye indlela kukusebenzisa inkqubo ye-ammonia - cyanide. Kwinkqubo ye-ammonia - i-cyanide, i-ammonia inokwenza ii-complexes kunye ne-ion zethusi, ezinokuthintela ukukhupha ubhedu kwinqanaba elithile. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuguquguquka okuphezulu kwe-ammonia, kunzima ukugcina ugxininiso oluzinzile kwinkqubo yokuvelisa i-industrial, ethintela ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwemizi-mveliso emikhulu. Nangona le ndlela inenzuzo yokunciphisa i-copper leaching, imingeni ekusebenzeni ngokubonakalayo kunye neendleko - ukusebenza kakuhle kufuneka kuqwalaselwe ngakumbi.

Imiba echaphazela impembelelo yeeReagents

Ukusebenza kwee-reagents ezisetyenziselwa ukuthintela ukuvuza kobhedu ngexesha le-cyanidation yobhedu-ethwele iintsimbi zegolide kuphenjelelwa zizinto ezininzi, ezibalulekileyo ukuba ziqondwe ukuze kuphuculwe inkqubo yecyanidation.

Iipropati zeOre

1. Uhlobo lweMinerali yobhedu

1. Iiminerali zobhedu ezahlukeneyo zinokuphinda zisebenze kwakhona kwizisombululo zecyanide. Umzekelo, iiminerali ze-copper-carbonate ezifana ne-malachite (Cu_2(OH)_2CO_3) kunye ne-azurite (Cu_3(OH)_2(CO_3)_2) zisebenza ngakumbi xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iiminerali ze-sulfide zobhedu ezifana ne-chalcopyrite (CuFeS_2). IMalachite isabela ngokulula ngecyanide ngokwempendulo Cu_2(OH)_2CO_3+4NaCN + H_2O = 2Na[Cu(CN)_2]+Na_2CO_3 + 2NaOH. Oku kuphinda kusebenze kuphezulu kuthetha ukuba xa kusetyenziswa ii-reagents ukuthintela ukuvuza kobhedu, idosi ephezulu inokufuneka kwi-ores etyebileyo kwezo zimbiwa zobhedu ezisebenzayo.

2. Ngokwahlukileyo, i-chalcopyrite inesakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi kwaye idinga amandla amaninzi kunye neemeko ezithile zokuphendula ukuchithwa kwizisombululo ze-cyanide. Nangona kunjalo, phantsi kweemeko ezithile, inokuba negalelo ekusetyenzisweni okubalulekileyo kwe-cyanide. Ukuqonda ukongamela ubhedu - uhlobo lweminerali kwintsimbi ekrwada linyathelo lokuqala ekumiseleni i-reagent efanelekileyo kunye nedosi yayo.

2. Umxholo weMinerali yeCopper

1. Ukuphakama kobhedu - isiqulatho seminerali kwintsimbi ekrwada, kokukhona sinakho ukuvuza kobhedu kunye nokusetyenziswa okuhambelanayo kwecyanide. Umzekelo, kwintsimbi ekrwada enegolide ene-5% yobhedu, ubungakanani be-cyanide esetyenzisiweyo lubhedu-i-leaching reactions iya kuba phezulu kakhulu kunentsimbi ekrwada enomxholo wobhedu oyi-1%. Ngenxa yoko, i-reagent efunekayo yokuthintela ukuvuthwa kobhedu kufuneka ilungelelaniswe ngokulinganayo. Intsimbi ekrwada ephezulu yobhedu inokufuna isixa esikhulu seetyuwa zelothe okanye i-chelating agents ukucinezela ngokufanelekileyo ukunyibilika kobhedu. Uphando luye lwabonisa ukuba yonke i-1% yokunyuka kwe-copper e-soluble content kwi-ore, ukusetyenziswa kwe-lead - inhibitor esekelwe kwityuwa kunokufuneka ukuba kwandiswe nge-10 - 20 g / t ukuze kugcinwe inqanaba elifanayo le-copper-leaching inhibition.

Iimeko zeNkqubo

1. Ugxininiso lweCyanide

1. Ukugxininiswa kwe-cyanide kwisisombululo kudlala indima emibini - indima yobhedu kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwe-inhibitors. Xa i-cyanide concentration iphantsi, izinga lobhedu-leaching reactions liyancitshiswa. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba i-concentration ye-cyanide yamahhala (CN ^ -) igcinwe kwi-0.05% - 0.10%, izinga lokuchithwa kwamaminerali obhedu lingancitshiswa kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ugxininiso lwe-cyanide luphantsi kakhulu, izinga lokuvuza kwegolide nalo lingachaphazeleka kakubi.

2. Xa usebenzisa ii-reagents ezinjengeetyuwa zelothe, eyona ilungileyo yoxinaniso lwecyanide ekusebenzeni kwayo inokwahluka. Kwezinye iimeko, ugxininiso lwecyanide oluphezulu kancinane (malunga ne-0.15% - 0.20%) lunokufuneka ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba i-lead - inhibitor yetyuwa inokwenza iikhompawundi ezinganyibilikiyo kunye nesulfure - equlethe izinto ezikwi-ore, ezithintela ngokufanelekileyo ukukhupha ubhedu. Kodwa ukuba i-concentration ye-cyanide iphezulu kakhulu, inokukhuthaza ukuchithwa kwamaminerali obhedu nangona kukho i-inhibitors.

2. Ixabiso le-pH

1. I-pH yesisombululo se-cyanide ibaluleke kakhulu kuzo zombini i-copper leaching kunye nesenzo se-inhibitors. Ngokuqhelekileyo, inkqubo ye-cyanidation iqhutyelwa kwi-alkaline medium, ngokuqhelekileyo kunye ne-pH kuluhlu lwe-10 - 11. Kulo luhlu lwe-pH, ukuzinza kwe-ion cyanide kugcinwa, kwaye i-hydrolysis ye-cyanide iyancitshiswa.

2. Kwi-chelating agents ezifana ne-citric acid, i-pH yesisombululo ichaphazela amandla abo okuchela. I-Citric acid iqulethe i-carboxyl kunye namaqela e-hydroxyl achelate ngee-ion zetsimbi. Kwi-alkaline medium, ukuchithwa kwala maqela asebenzayo kukhuthazwa, kuphuculwe amandla abo okuchela nge-ion zethusi. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba i-pH iphezulu kakhulu (ngaphezu kwe-12), inokubangela ukusabela okusecaleni okunokunciphisa ukusebenza kwe-agent chelating. Ngokomzekelo, kwisisombululo se-alkaline, ezinye isinyithi - i-chelate complexes inokudiliza, ikhuphe i-ion copper e-chelated ibuyele kwisisombululo.

3. Ixesha lokuphumla

1. Ixesha le-leaching linokuchaphazela iqondo le-copper leaching kunye nokusebenza kwee-inhibitors. Njengoko ixesha le-leaching likhula, ubhedu oluninzi lunokunyibilika ukuba aluthintelwanga ngokufanelekileyo. Ngokomzekelo, kwinkqubo ye-leaching yexesha elifutshane (ngaphantsi kweeyure ze-12), inani le-copper leached linokuba lincinci, kwaye i-inhibitor inokulawula ngokulula izinga lobhedu. Kodwa ukuba ixesha le-leaching landiswa ukuya kwiiyure ezingama-48 okanye ngaphezulu, isiphumo esongezelekayo sobhedu-i-leaching reactions inokubaluleka ngakumbi.

2. Kwimeko yelothe - inhibitors yetyuwa, ixesha elide lokuvuza linokufuna idosi ephezulu yokuqala yesithinteli. Oku kungenxa yokuba ngokuhamba kwexesha, i-lead-equlethe iikhompawundi ezinganyibilikiyo ezenziweyo inokutyiwa kancinci kancinci okanye ukusebenza kwayo kusenokwehla ngenxa yobukho obuqhubekayo bezinto ezisebenzayo kwisisombululo secyanide. Ngoko ke, ixesha le-leaching kufuneka liqwalaselwe ngononophelo xa kuchongwa inani kunye nohlobo lwe-reagent yokusetyenziswa kobhedu - inhibition leaching.

Izifundo zeMyelo kunye nezicelo eziSebenzayo

Ityala loku-1: Ukusetyenziswa kweeTyuwa zeLead kuMgodi weGolide eMzantsi Afrika

Umgodi wegolide eMzantsi Afrika ubulungisa intsimbi ekrwada yobhedu enobhedu olumalunga ne-3%. Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa iityuwa ezikhokelayo njenge-inhibitor, inkqubo ye-cyanidation ijongene nemingeni emininzi. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-cyanide bekuphezulu ngokugqithisileyo, ukuya kuthi ga kwi-15 kg/t yentsimbi ekrwada, kwaye izinga lokuphuma kwegolide lalimalunga nama-80 ekhulwini kuphela. Isiqulatho esikhulu sekopolo kwintsimbi ekrwada kukhokelele ekunyibilikeni kobhedu okubalulekileyo ngexesha lecyanidation, engakhange itye kuphela isixa esikhulu secyanide kodwa iphazamise nenkqubo yokukhutshwa kwegolide.

Emva kokufaka i-nitrate ekhokelayo (Pb (NO_3)_2) kwi-dosage ye-200 g / t ye-ore, utshintsho oluphawulekayo luye lwabonwa. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-cyanide kwancitshiswa ukuya kwi-8 kg / t ye-ore, ukunciphisa malunga ne-47%. Izinga legolide lokuvuzwa linyuke laya kutsho kuma-90%. Iinzuzo zoqoqosho zazibalulekile. Ukuqwalasela ixabiso lecyanide kunye nexabiso legolide eyongezelelweyo efunyenweyo, lo mgodi wonge malunga ne-$50 ngetoni nganye yentsimbi ekrwada esetyenzisiweyo. Ngokwembono yokusingqongileyo, ukusetyenziswa kwecyanide okuncitshisiweyo kuthetha umngcipheko omncinci wokusingqongileyo ohambelana nokuvuza kunye nokulahlwa kwecyanide. Isixa se-cyanide-equlethe inkunkuma siye sancitshiswa, nto leyo eyayiluncedo kwimo engqongileyo yendawo.

I-Case 2: I-Agent ye-Chelating (i-Citric Acid) Isicelo kwiMgodi yeGolide e-Australia

Kumgodi wegolide waseOstreliya, intsimbi ekrwada yayinezimbiwa ezininzi zobhedu, ikakhulu i-chalcopyrite kunye nezinye iiminerali zobhedu. Inkqubo yokuqala ye-cyanidation ngaphandle kokusebenzisa i-agent ye-chelating yayinezinga legolide le-leaching lama-75% kunye nezinga lobhedu oluyi-30%. Izinga eliphezulu le-copper leaching likhokelela ekusetyenzisweni okuphezulu kwe-cyanide, malunga ne-12 kg / t ye-ore.

Xa i-citric acid yongezwa kwinkqubo ye-cyanidation kwi-dosage ye-1 kg / t ye-ore, imeko yaphucula. Izinga le-copper leaching rate liye lancitshiswa laya kutsho kwi-10%, kwaye izinga legolide le-leaching lenyuke laya kutsho kuma-85%. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-cyanide kwehle ukuya kwi-6 kg / t ye-ore. Ngokoqoqosho, ixabiso lokongezwa kwe-citric acid belisezantsi xa kuthelekiswa nokonga kusetyenziso lwecyanide kunye nokonyuka kokubuyiswa kwegolide. Umgodi uqikelele ukuba unokunyusa ingeniso yawo yonyaka malunga ne-300,000 yeedola. Ngokusingqongileyo, ukucuthwa kobhedu okuncitshisiweyo kuthetha ubhedu oluncinci - oluqulathe amanzi amdaka, ekulula ukusetyenzwa kwaye kube nefuthe elincinci kubutyebi bamanzi kwindawo engqongileyo.

Ityala le-3: Ukusetyenziswa kwe-New Inhibitor (MZY) kwiMgodi yeGolide yaseTshayina

Umgodi wegolide eTshayina wawusebenza ngobhedu olunqandayo – olunentsimbi ekrwada yegolide. Inkqubo yesithethe yecyanidation yayinomlinganiselo wegolide wokuvuza we 70% kuphela kunye nezinga eliphezulu lokuvuza kobhedu, okubangele ubuninzi bokusetyenziswa kwecyanide. Emva kokufaka i-MZY entsha ye-inhibitor kwi-dosage ethile, kunye neemeko zenkqubo eziphuculweyo ezibandakanya ukongezwa kwe-18 kg / t yekalika kunye ne-1.2 kg / t ye-sodium cyanide, izinga legolide le-leaching lifikelele kwi-83% - 84%, kunye nezinga le-copper leaching lancitshiswa ukuya kwi-4% - 5%.

Le nkqubo intsha ayizange iphucule kuphela ukusebenza kakuhle kwegolide – kodwa ikwanciphise kakhulu ukusetyenziswa kwecyanide. Iinzuzo zoqoqosho beziphindwe kabini: ukunyuswa kwegolide okwandisiweyo kongeze ixabiso kwimveliso, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwecyanide okucuthiweyo konga iindleko. Ngokubhekiselele ekukhuselweni kwendalo, ukusetyenziswa kwe-cyanide ephantsi kunye nobhedu oluncinci - oluqulethe inkunkuma lunciphise umthwalo wokusingqongileyo, okwenza umsebenzi wokumbiwa kwemigodi uzinze ngakumbi. Ezi zifundo zecala zibonisa ngokucacileyo ixabiso elisebenzayo lokusebenzisa i-reagents ukuvimbela ukuchithwa kobhedu kwi-cyanidation ye-ores yegolide enobhedu, zombini ngokweenzuzo zoqoqosho kunye nokukhuselwa kwendalo.

isiphelo

Kwinkqubo ye-cyanidation yobhedu-ethwele i-ores yegolide, ukuchithwa kobhedu akukhokelela kuphela ekusetyenzisweni okuphezulu kwe-cyanide kodwa kunefuthe elibi kwinqanaba legolide kunye neenkqubo zokubuyisela igolide. Ngoko ke, ukusetyenziswa kwee-reagents ukuthintela ukuvuthwa kobhedu kubaluleke kakhulu.

Iityuwa zelothe, ezifana ne-lead nitrate, i-acetate ye-lead, kunye ne-lead oxide, zinokunqanda ngokufanelekileyo ukuvuza kobhedu ngokwenza iikhompawundi ezinganyibilikiyo ezinesulfure-eziqulethe izinto ezikwintsimbi ekrwada okanye ukuguqula iipropati zomphezulu weeminerali zobhedu. Ii-agent ezitshisayo ezifana ne-citric acid zinokutshiza ngee-ion zobhedu kunye nezinye ii-ion zetsimbi ezinobungozi, ukunciphisa iimpembelelo zabo ezibi kwinkqubo ye-cyanidation. Ukongeza, ukulawula uxinzelelo lwe-cyanide kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-ammonia-cyanide inkqubo inokudlala indima ekwehliseni ukunyibilika kobhedu kwinqanaba elithile.

Ukusebenza kwezi reagents kuphenjelelwa zizinto ezahlukeneyo. Iipropati ze-Ore, kubandakanywa uhlobo kunye nomxholo wamaminerali obhedu, zinquma ukusebenza kwakhona kobhedu kwi-ore kwaye ngaloo ndlela kuchaphazela inani le-reagent efunekayo. Iimeko zenkqubo ezifana nokugxininiswa kwe-cyanide, ixabiso le-pH, kunye nexesha le-leaching nazo zinempembelelo enkulu ekusebenzeni kwee-reagents. Ngokomzekelo, ugxininiso olufanelekileyo lwe-cyanide kunye nexabiso le-pH linokuqinisekisa ukuzinza kwesisombululo se-cyanide kunye nokusebenza kwe-reagent, ngelixa ixesha lokukhupha linokuchaphazela isiphumo sokunyuka kwe-copper-leaching reactions.

Ngokusebenzisa izifundo, siye sabona ukubaluleka kokusetyenziswa kwezi reagents. EMzantsi Afrika, ukusetyenziswa kwe-nitrate yelothe kumgodi wegolide kuye kwanciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwecyanide kwaze kwanyusa izinga lokuvuzwa kwegolide, nto leyo ezisa iinzuzo ezibalulekileyo kwezoqoqosho kunye neenzuzo zokusingqongileyo. E-Ostreliya, ukongezwa kwe-citric acid kumgodi wegolide kunciphise ngokufanelekileyo i-copper leaching kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-cyanide ngelixa kunyuswa izinga legolide le-leaching, eyayiluncedo kwimiba yoqoqosho kunye nokusingqongileyo. Kwimigodi yegolide yaseTshayina, ukusetyenziswa kwe-MZY entsha ye-inhibitor, kunye neemeko zenkqubo ephuculweyo, kuphuculwe igolide - ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-leaching kunye nokunciphisa izinga le-copper - leaching, ukufezekisa iziphumo ezilungileyo zoqoqosho kunye nokusingqongileyo.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, xa ujongene ne-cyanidation yobhedu-ethwele i-ores yegolide, kuyimfuneko ukuqwalasela ngokubanzi iimpawu ze-ore kunye neemfuno zenkqubo, kwaye ukhethe i-reagent efanelekileyo kunye neemeko zokusebenza. Uphando lwexesha elizayo lunokugxila ekuphononongeni ngakumbi ii-reagents ezisebenza ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokusingqongileyo, kunye nokwandisa indibaniselwano yeerejenti kunye nemilinganiselo yenkqubo ukuze kuphunyezwe iinkqubo zokutsalwa kwegolide ezisebenza kakuhle, ezinoqoqosho, nezizinzileyo.