Impembelelo yeSodium Cyanide kuMhlaba nokusingqongileyo

intshayelelo

I-Sodium cyanide (NaCN) yikhompawundi engenazinto eziphilayo enobuthi kakhulu esetyenziswa kakhulu kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zoshishino, ezinje ngokombiwa kwegolide, ukufakelwa kwe-electroplating, kunye nokuhlanganiswa kweekhemikhali. Ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwayo ngokubanzi, kukho umngcipheko omkhulu wokungena kwe -sodium cyanide kwindalo esingqongileyo , apho inokubangela umonakalo omkhulu kumgangatho womhlaba kunye nolungelelwaniso lwendalo. Eli nqaku lijolise ekuhlolisiseni ngokupheleleyo impembelelo ye- Sodium Cyanide kumhlaba nakwindalo esingqongileyo ngokubanzi.

Iipropati zeSodium Cyanide

I-Sodium cyanide sisixhobo esiqinileyo esimhlophe, esikristale esinevumba elibi le-almond. Sinyibilika kakhulu emanzini, senza isisombululo esinamandla se-alkaline. Oku kunyibilika kuyivumela ukuba isasazeke lula kwindawo esingqongileyo, ingakumbi kwiinkqubo zasemanzini. Ukongeza, i-Sodium cyanide sisithambisi esinamandla sokunciphisa kwaye sisabela ngokulula kwizinto ezininzi, kuquka ii-asidi, iimetali, kunye nee-oxidizing agents. Ezi mpawu zeekhemikhali zinegalelo ekubeni inokwenzakalisa indawo esingqongileyo.

Iindlela zeSodium Cyanide eziNgena kokusiNgqongileyo

Ukukhutshwa kwamashishini

Kumashishini afana nemigodi yegolide, i-sodium cyanide isetyenziselwa ukukhupha igolide kwi-ores. Ukusetyenziswa komlinganiselo omkhulu wale khemikhali kunokukhokelela ekukhutshelweni okubalulekileyo kokusingqongileyo. Umzekelo, iintsalela zezimbiwa zegolide zihlala zinentsalela yesodium cyanide, enokuthi ikhutshelwe kumanzi akufuphi nakumhlaba ukuba ayilawulwa kakuhle. Ngokufanayo, kumashishini e-electroplating, amanzi amdaka aqukethe i-sodium cyanide anokukhutshwa ngaphandle konyango olwaneleyo, ebeka ingozi kwindawo engqongileyo.

Ukuchitheka Ngengozi

Iingozi ngexesha lokuthuthwa okanye ukugcinwa kwesodium cyanide kunokubangela ukuchitheka okukhulu. Oku kuchithwa kungonakalisa umhlaba, amanzi angaphezulu, kunye namanzi aphantsi komhlaba. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba itanki ethwele ulwelo lwesodium cyanide iyabhukuqa, le michiza inokuntywila ngokukhawuleza emhlabeni, nto leyo echaphazela imichiza yomhlaba kunye nezinto eziphilayo. Kwezinye iimeko, ukuchitheka kungakhokelela ekwakhekeni kwegesi yehydrogen cyanide, enokuthi isasazeke emoyeni, ibangele ingozi ebantwini nakwimekobume.

Impembelelo kuMhlaba

Utshintsho lweMichiza kuMhlaba

Xa i-sodium cyanide ingena emhlabeni, inokungena kwi-hydrolysis, ikhuphe i-cyanide ions (CN⁻). Ezi ion zecyanide zinokusabelana namalungu ahlukeneyo omhlaba. Ngokomzekelo, zinokwenza ii<em>complexes ezineeyoni zesinyithi emhlabeni, njengentsimbi, ubhedu, nezinki. Oku kunokutshintsha ukufumaneka kwezi zinyithi ezibalulekileyo zezityalo, ukuphazamisa iinkqubo eziqhelekileyo zokukhula kwezityalo. Ukongeza, ubukho be cyanide bunokutshintsha ipH yomhlaba. Njengoko i-sodium cyanide isisiseko esomeleleyo, inokunyusa ialkalinity yomhlaba, esenokungalungeli iintlobo ezininzi zezityalo ezikhetha indawo ephakathi okanye eneasidi yomhlaba.

Iimpembelelo kwiMicroorganisms yoMhlaba

Iimicroorganisms zomhlaba zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekugcineni ukutyeba komhlaba kunye nokujikeleza kwezondlo. Nangona kunjalo, i-sodium cyanide inetyhefu kakhulu kwezi microorganisms. Nakwiqondo eliphantsi, icyanide inokuthintela ukukhula kunye nokusebenza kweebhaktheriya, umngundo, kunye nezinye iintsholongwane ezihlala emhlabeni. Umzekelo, inokuphazamisa i-nitrogen - isakhono sokulungiswa kweebhaktheriya ezithile, okuyimfuneko kwizityalo ukufumana i-nitrogen, isondlo esibalulekileyo. Oku kunokukhokelela ekuncipheni kokuchuma komhlaba ngokuhamba kwexesha kunye nokuncipha kwemveliso iyonke ye-ecosystem yomhlaba.

Impembelelo ekukhuleni kwezityalo

Izityalo ezikhula kumhlaba ongcoliswe yisodium cyanide zijongene nemingeni emininzi. Ukuthathwa kwe-cyanide ngeengcambu zezityalo kunokuphazamisa iinkqubo zabo zokuphefumla. I-Cyanide ibophelela kwi-cytochrome oxidase, i-enzyme ebandakanyekayo ekuphefumlweni kwamaselula, ukuvimba ikhonkco lokuthutha i-electron kunye nokuthintela ukuveliswa kwe-ATP, imali yamandla yeseli. Ngenxa yoko, izityalo zisenokukhula ngokudodobala, ukuba tyheli kwamagqabi (i-chlorosis), kwaye kwiimeko ezinzima, ukufa. Ukongezelela, i-chemistry yomhlaba etshintshileyo kunye nokunciphisa umsebenzi we-microbial ngenxa yokungcoliswa kwe-sodium cyanide iqhubela phambili impembelelo embi ekukhuleni kwezityalo.

Impembelelo kwindalo esingqongileyo

Ungcoliseko lwaManzi

I-sodium cyanide kwindawo engqongileyo inokuyifumana lula indlela yayo kwimizi yamanzi. Xa sele isemanzini, iyahlukana ibe yi-cyanide ion, enetyhefu kakhulu kwizinto eziphila emanzini. Nakwiqondo eliphantsi kakhulu (kuluhlu lweemicrograms ilitha nganye), icyanide inokubulala iintlanzi, izilwanyana ezingenamqolo, kunye nobunye ubomi basemanzini. Inokuphazamisa iinkqubo zokuphefumla zezi zinto ziphilayo, nto leyo ekhokelela ekufuthaniseleni. Ngaphezu koko, ubukho be-cyanide emanzini bunokuchaphazela umgangatho wemithombo yamanzi okusela. Ukuba i-cyanide-amanzi angcolileyo asetyenziselwa ukusetyenziswa komntu, anokubangela iingxaki zempilo ezinzulu, kuquka ukuphefumla, isiyezi, kwaye kwiimeko ezinzima, ukufa.

Ukumoshwa komoya

Nangona ingaxhaphakanga kangako, i-sodium cyanide inokufaka isandla kungcoliseko lomoya. Xa kukho i-acids okanye phantsi kweemeko ezithile zokusingqongileyo, i-sodium cyanide inokusabela ukwenza igesi ye-hydrogen cyanide (HCN). IHydrogen cyanide yirhasi eguquguqukayo neyityhefu kakhulu. Inokukhutshwa emoyeni ngexesha leenkqubo zoshishino, ukuchithwa ngengozi, okanye xa i-cyanide - umhlaba ongcolileyo okanye amanzi ebonakaliswe kwizinto ezine-acidic. Xa sele isemoyeni, ihydrogen cyanide inokutsalwa ngabantu kunye nezilwanyana, ibangele umonakalo kwinkqubo yokuphefumla, amehlo kunye namanye amalungu.

Ukungalingani kwezendalo

Ukungcoliseka okuxhaphakileyo komhlaba namanzi ngesodium cyanide kunokukhokelela kukungalingani okubonakalayo kwendalo. Ukufa kwezinto eziphilayo zasemanzini kunye nokwehla kokukhula kwezityalo okusekelwe emhlabeni kunokuphazamisa ikhonkco lokutya lonke. Umzekelo, ukuba inani leentlanzi liyehla ngenxa ye-cyanide - amanzi angcolileyo, oku kunokuba nefuthe elibi kwizilwanyana ezizingelayo ezixhomekeke kwintlanzi yokutya. Ukongeza, ilahleko yesigqumathelo sezityalo emhlabeni - iindawo ezingcolisekileyo kunokukhokelela ekwandeni kokukhukuliseka komhlaba, okonakalise ngakumbi imo engqongileyo.

Unyango kunye noThintelo loNgcoliseko lweSodium Cyanide

Ukunyangwa koMhlaba naManzi aNgcolisekileyo

Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokunyanga umhlaba namanzi angcoliswe yi-sodium cyanide. Xa kunyangwa amanzi, kusetyenziswa iindlela zokunyibilikisa iikhemikhali. Umzekelo, ukongeza i-chlorine okanye i-hydrogen peroxide kwi-cyanide - amanzi angcolisiweyo anokunyibilikisa ii-ion ze-cyanide kwiifom ezingenabungozi kangako, ezifana ne-cyanate (CNO⁻) okanye i-Carbon dioxide kunye negesi ye-nitrogen. Xa kunyangwa umhlaba, ukulungiswa kwe-bioremediation kunokuba yindlela esebenzayo. Ezinye iintsholongwane, ezifana neebhaktheriya ezithile kunye nefungi, zinamandla okuqhekeza i-cyanide zibe zizinto ezingenabungozi kangako. Ngokungenisa ezi microorganisms kumhlaba ongcolisiweyo, amanqanaba e-cyanide anokuncitshiswa ngokuhamba kwexesha.

UThintelo loNgcoliseko lweSodium Cyanide

Ukuthintela ungcoliseko lwe-sodium cyanide, amashishini kufuneka asebenzise ukhuseleko olungqongqo kunye neendlela zokulawula indalo. Kwishishini lezimayini, umzekelo, ukugcinwa okufanelekileyo kunye nokunyangwa kwee-tailings kubalulekile. Oku kuquka ukusebenzisa amachibi aneentsalela zezimbiwa ukuthintela ukuvuza kwe-cyanide - equlethe iisala kwindawo engqongileyo. Ukongeza, amashishini kufuneka atyale imali kwezinye iitekhnoloji ezinciphisa okanye ziphelise ukusetyenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide. Umzekelo, eminye imisebenzi yokwembiwa iphonononga ukusetyenziswa kweendlela ezingezizo icyanide zokutsalwa kwegolide, ezifana nethiosulfate leaching, engenabungozi kangako kokusingqongileyo.

isiphelo

Isodium cyanide ibeka isoyikiso esibalulekileyo kumgangatho womhlaba kunye nokusingqongileyo jikelele ngenxa yetyhefu ephezulu kunye nokusebenza kwakhona. Umchiza unokubangela umonakalo omkhulu kwimichiza yomhlaba, iintsholongwane zomhlaba, kunye nokukhula kwezityalo, kunye nokungcolisa amanzi kunye nomoya, okukhokelela kukungalingani kwezinto eziphilayo. Nangona kunjalo, ngonyango olufanelekileyo lweendaba ezingcolileyo kunye nokuphunyezwa kwamanyathelo okukhusela kumashishini, impembelelo embi ye-sodium cyanide kwindalo inokunciphisa. Kubalulekile ukuba amashishini, oorhulumente, kunye noluntu luphela ukuqonda ukubaluleka kokulawula ukusetyenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide kunye nokungcoliswa ukukhusela okusingqongileyo kunye nempilo yabantu.