Umthelela Wezimbiwa Ezihlangene Kunqubo Yokucwiliswa Kwe-Cyanide

Isingeniso

Ukukhuculula i-cyanide kuyinqubo esetshenziswa kabanzi ekukhishweni kwegolide nesiliva ku-ore. Kodwa-ke, ukuba khona kwezimbiwa ezahlukahlukene ezihambisanayo ku-ore kungathinta kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kanye nokusebenza kahle kwale nqubo. Ukuqonda le miphumela kubalulekile ekwenzeni ngcono imisebenzi yokukhuculula i-cyanide kanye nokuthuthukisa ukubuyiswa kwezinsimbi ezibalulekile.

Amaminerali Ensimbi

I-Pyrite

I-Pyrite iyiminerali evamile yensimbi-sulfide kuma-ore aqukethe igolide. Ngesikhathi sokukhishwa kwe-cyanide, lapho i-pyrite ise-pulp, ingafakwa i-oxidized ukuze yakhe i-ferrous sulfate. Le sulfate yensimbi bese isabela ne-cyanide ukuze idale i-ferrocyanate. Lokhu kusabela kudla inani elikhulu le -Sodium Cyanide , okuyi-reagent eyinhloko yokukhishwa kwegolide. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngesenzo se-lime nomoya, i-pyrite ingaguquka ibe yi-sulfide encibilikayo, i-colloidal sulfur, noma i-thiosulfate. Le nqubo yokuguqula isebenzisa umoya-mpilo, obalulekile ekuncibilikisweni kwegolide ohlelweni lokukhishwa kwe-cyanide. Sekukonke, lokhu kunomthelela omubi ekusebenzeni kahle kokukhishwa kwegolide.

I-Pyrrhotite

I-Pyrrhotite enye i-iron - sulfide mineral ethinta i-cyanide leaching. Isabela kalula ne-cyanide ukuze ikhiqize i-thiocyanate. Ukwengeza, i-ferrous sulfate eyakhiwe kusukela ekuhlanganiseni kwayo iphinde ihlangane ne-cyanide yakhe i-ferrocyanate. Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi i-pyrrhotite ingabangela ukwehla okukhulu kwegolide - izinga lokuchithwa, isibonelo, linciphise ngo-28.1% kwezinye izimo. Kuphinde kuholele ekwenyukeni okukhulu kokusetshenziswa kwe-cyanide, okuvame ukuyiphindaphinda kane.

Amaminerali Ethusi

I-Chalcopyrite ne-Chalcocite

Amaminerali ethusi afana ne-chalcopyrite ne-chalcocite anomthelela ophawulekayo ekuphumeni kwe-cyanide. Isixazululo se-cyanide singancibilikisa amaminerali ethusi, kodwa izinga lokuchithwa liyahlukahluka. I-Chalcopyrite izinzile phakathi kwamaminerali e-copper sulfide, kuyilapho i-chalcocite isebenza kakhulu. Esixazululweni se-cyanide, ithusi kulawa maminerali, ngokuvamile esimweni se-divalent, alizinzile. I-Divalent yethusi i-oxidize i-cyanide, ishintshe ibe yi-monovalent yethusi bese yenza ama-complexes ane-cyanide ku-pulp. Ku-chalcocite, kungabangela ukwehla okukhulu kwegolide - izinga lokuchithwa, kuze kufike ku-36.81% kwezinye izivivinyo, kanye nokwenyuka okuphindwe kashumi kokusetshenziswa kwe-cyanide.

I-Malachite (I-Copper Oxide Mineral)

I-Malachite iyinsimbi evamile yethusi - i-oxide oxide. Incibilika kalula kusisombululo se-sodium - cyanide, okuholela ekwandeni okukhulu kokusetshenziswa kwe-cyanide. Ukusabela phakathi kwe-malachite ne-cyanide kusebenzisa inani elikhulu lama-ion e-cyanide. Ngenxa yalokho, kokubili i-copper sulfide kanye namaminerali e-copper oxide angaba nomthelela omubi kakhulu kunqubo yokukhipha i-cyanide - igolide.

Amaminerali e-Arsenic

I-Realgar ne-Orpiment

I-Realgar ne-orpiment kuyingozi kakhulu ekushiseni kwe-cyanide. Ekhambi le-alkaline elinamandla elisetshenziselwa ukucwiliswa kwe-cyanide, bakha inhlanganisela efana ne-thioarsenite. I-Thioarsenite ingasabela nge-oksijini esixazululweni sokwenza i-arsenite, idle inani elikhulu le-oxygen ku-slurry yamaminerali. Futhi, lapho amaminerali e-arsenic efakwa i-oxidized esixazululo, ifilimu eyenziwe ngezinhlanganisela ze-arsenic yakha phezu kwezinhlayiya zegolide. Le filimu ivimba ngokuqondile igolide ukuthi lingathintani ne-cyanide, okuthinta kabi ukuchithwa kwegolide. Ucwaningo lubonise ukuthi i-realgar ne-orpiment inganciphisa izinga legolide - ukuchithwa ngo-41.95% no-49.90% ngokulandelanayo, futhi kukhuphule ukusetshenziswa kwe-cyanide izikhathi ezingu-13.8 nezikhathi ezingu-15.0.

I-Arsenopyrite

I-Arsenopyrite iyi-arsenic evamile - equkethe amaminerali. Ngokungafani ne-realgar ne-orpiment, i-arsenopyrite izinzile ohlelweni lwe-cyanide. Nakuba iqukethe i-arsenic, ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile ze-cyanide - leaching, ayibhidliki kalula futhi ngaleyo ndlela inomthelela omncane ekucwilisweni kwe-cyanide uma kuqhathaniswa namanye amaminerali aqukethe i-arsenic.

Amaminerali okuhola

UGalena kanye no-Lead Alum

I-Galena kanye ne-lead alum yizona ezihamba phambili - eziqukethe amaminerali ezimayini zegolide. I-Galena ingafakwa i-oxidized ukuze ihole i-alum. Kusisombululo esiqinile - se-alkaline, i-alum yomthofu ingakhiqiza umthofu we-alkaline - usawoti we-asidi, ohlangana ne-cyanide esixazululweni sakhe okuqinile okungancibiliki - i-alkaline cyanide. Inani elincane lamaminerali omthofu lingasiza ngempela ukucwiliswa kwe-cyanide ezimayini zegolide. Kodwa-ke, inani elikhulu lamaminerali omthofu lizophazamisa ukusebenza kahle kwegolide - ukucwiliswa kwamanzi ngokudla i-cyanide futhi ngokunokwenzeka kwakhe izivunguvungu ezingaphazamisa inqubo yokucwiliswa.

I-Antimony - Iqukethe Amaminerali

Stibnite

I-Stibnite iyi-antimony eyinhloko - equkethe i-sulfide mineral. Enqubweni ye-cyanide - leaching, imiphumela yayo emibi ifana naleyo ye-orpiment. Incibilika kalula kusisombululo esiqinile - se-alkaline ukukhiqiza i-thioantimonite, ebuye ifakwe i-oxidized ibe i-antimonite. Ukwengeza, izinhlayiya ze-stibnite colloidal ezinecala elibi kusisombululo se-alkaline - cyanide zinganamathela phezu kwezinhlayiya zegolide, zivimbele igolide ukuthi lingancibiliki.

Ikhabhoni Izinto

Izimayini zegolide zingase zibe nezinto ze-Carbon , okuhlanganisa i-carbon engaphili kanye ne-carbon ephilayo efana ne-humic acid. Uma lezi zinto ze-carbon zikhona, zingamunca igolide elincibilikisiwe esixazululweni se-cyanide. Lokhu kunciphisa izinga lokuphuma kwegolide esixazululweni, into eyaziwa ngokuthi “ukuphanga igolide.” Izinto ze-carbon zincintisana nenqubo yokukhipha igolide elincibilikisiwe, okuholela ekulahlekelweni kokutholwa kwegolide.

Amasu Okunciphisa Umthelela Wezimbiwa Ezihlangene

Ukwelashwa Kwangaphambili Kwe-Ores

• Ukwelashwa Kwangaphambi Kokuxova : Kuma-ore ane-iron-sulfide, i-arsenic, noma amaminerali e-antimony, ukwelashwa kwangaphambi kokusebenzisa i-oxidation kungasebenza kahle. Ukwelashwa kwangaphambi kokusebenzisa i-oxidation kuyawaphula la maminerali, kukhulule igolide elivalekile futhi kunciphise imiphumela yawo eyingozi ekukhucululweni kwe-cyanide. Izindlela ezivamile zokwelashwa kwangaphambi kokusebenzisa i-oxidation zifaka phakathi ukuthosa, ukuxova ngengcindezi, kanye nokuxova nge-bio.

• Ukuhlanzwa kwethusi ngaphambi kokusebenzisa ithusi : Uma kwenzeka amatshe ane-ore ephezulu yethusi, ukuhlanzwa kwethusi ngaphambi kokusebenzisa ithusi kungenziwa. Ngokususa ithusi ngaphambi kokuhlanza i-cyanide, inani le-cyanide elidliwa amaminerali ethusi lingancishiswa, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kokuhlanzwa kwe-cyanide yegolide.

Ukwenziwa ngcono kweCyanide - Izimo zokuLeaching

• Ukulungisa Izilinganiso Ze-Reagent : Ngokusekelwe ohlotsheni kanye nenani lamaminerali ahlobene, inani le-cyanide kanye nezinye izinto ezivuselelayo lingalungiswa. Isibonelo, uma kuneziningi zamaminerali ethusi, ukwandisa umthamo we-cyanide kancane ngenkathi kulawulwa inani le-pH kungasiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi igolide lincibilika ngempumelelo.

• Ukulawula Izimo Ze-Pulp : Ukulawula ukugcwala kwe-pulp, izinga lokushisa, kanye nesivinini sokuxubha nakho kubalulekile. Ukugcwala kwe-pulp okulungile kuqinisekisa ukuthi i-cyanide kanye ne-oxygen kungasakazeka kahle ku-pulp. Ukugcina izinga lokushisa elifanele (ngokuvamile 15 - 30 °C) kulinganisela ijubane lapho igolide lincibilika khona kanye nokuqina kwesisombululo se-cyanide.

Ukusetshenziswa Kwezithasiselo

• Izithasiselo Zokuvimbela Ukusabela Kwamaminerali : Izithasiselo ezifana nosawoti we-lead zingasetshenziswa ukuvimba amaminerali athile ayingozi ukuthi angasabelani. Isibonelo, ukwengeza i-lead acetate kungasabela nama-ion e-sulfide kusukela ekuqhekekeni kwamaminerali aqukethe i-sulfur, kwakha ama-precipitates e-lead-sulfide angancibiliki. Lokhu kunciphisa inani le-cyanide kanye nomoya-mpilo odliwa ngamaminerali aqukethe i-sulfur.

• Ama-Adsorbent Okuncintisanayo : Uma kwenzeka ama-ore ane-carbon substances, ukwengeza ama-adsorbent okuncintisanayo njenge- Activated Carbon ngesikhathi sokukhipha i-cyanide kunganciphisa umphumela "wokuphanga igolide". I-activated carbon incintisana ne-carbon e-ore ngegolide elincibilikisiwe, ngaleyo ndlela kwandisa izinga lokukhipha igolide.

Isiphetho

Amaminerali ahlobene negolide nesiliva ore anemithelela ehlukahlukene futhi ebalulekile enqubweni ye-cyanide - leaching. I-ayoni, ithusi, i-arsenic, i-lead, i-antimony - equkethe amaminerali, nezinto ze-carbon konke kungathinta ukusebenza kahle kokucwilisa ngokudla izinto ezisiza ukuqinisa, ukuvimbela igolide ukuthi lingathintani ne-cyanide, noma ukumunca igolide elincibilikisiwe. Kodwa-ke, ngezindlela ezifanele zokwelapha ngaphambi kwesikhathi, ukwenziwa ngcono kwezimo zokucwiliswa kwamanzi, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezithasiselo, le mithelela engemihle ingancishiswa. Lokhu kusiza ukumbiwa kwegolide nesiliva ngendlela esebenza kahle kakhudlwana emigodini eyinkimbinkimbi - edalwe ngamaminerali, okwenza ngcono ukusebenza kwezomnotho kwemisebenzi yezimayini.