Umehluko phakathi kwamakhemikhali ezinto zokusetshenziswa ze-sodium cyanide ne-potassium cyanide

I-Sodium cyanide (NaCN) kanye ne-potassium cyanide (KCN) zombili ziyizinto ezibalulekile zamakhemikhali ezingakhiqizi izinto eziphilayo ezinezicelo ezibalulekile zezimboni. Kodwa-ke, zinezici ezihlukile ezizihlukanisa ngezici ezahlukahlukene. Ake sihlole umehluko wazo ngokuningiliziwe kuzo zonke izilinganiso eziningi.

Izakhiwo

ukubukeka

I-potassium cyanide ivame ukubonakala njengezigaxa eziqinile ezimhlophe eziyindilinga, kuyilapho i-sodium cyanide ibonakala ngesimo sama-granules noma i-powder amhlophe acwebezelayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-potassium cyanide ikhipha iphunga elibi elincane le-alimondi, okungaba yisici esingabonakali kodwa esibalulekile sokuhlonza. I-sodium cyanide, ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-hygroscopic kakhulu futhi ibonisa izakhiwo ezibolayo, okwenza kube nesidingo sokugcina nokuphatha ngokucophelela okukhulu ukuvimbela ukumuncwa komswakama kanye nomonakalo ongaba khona ezitsheni zokugcina.

I-Melting Point

Ngokuphathelene namaphuzu okuncibilika, i-potassium cyanide inephuzu lokuncibilika eliphakeme kakhulu elingaba ngu-634.5°C, kuyilapho i-Sodium Cyanide incibilika cishe ku-563.7°C. Lo mehluko kumaphuzu okuncibilika ungathinta ukucubungula nokusetshenziswa kwawo ezindaweni zezimboni lapho ukulawulwa kokushisa kubalulekile khona.

solubility

Mayelana ne-solubility, i-potassium cyanide incibilika kalula emanzini kanye ne-glycerol, okwenza kube lula ukusetshenziswa kwayo ezinqubweni ezihlukahlukene ezisekelwe emanzini. I-sodium cyanide, ngokuphambene, ikhombisa ukuncibilika ku-ammonia ewuketshezi ne-ethanol, ivumela ukusetshenziswa kwayo ekuphenduleni kwamakhemikhali athile kanye nezinqubo zokukhiqiza ezidinga lezi zinyibilikisi.

Ubuningi

Ubuningi balezi zinhlanganisela ezimbili buyahlukahluka, lapho i-potassium cyanide inobukhulu obungu-1.52 g/cm³ kanye ne -Sodium cyanide incipha cishe ngo-1.60 g/cm³. Lo mehluko wobuningi ungathinta izinqubo zokuphatha, ukuthuthwa, kanye nokuxuba ezisetshenziswa ezimbonini.

Impahla yezolimo

Ukusebenzisana kabusha nezinye izinto

Uma kukhulunywa ngokusebenza kwamakhemikhali, i-potassium cyanide isabela nama-asidi ukuze ikhiqize igesi enobuthi kakhulu ye-hydrogen cyanide, ukusabela okumele kulawulwe ngokucophelela ukuvimbela ukukhishwa kwalesi sithako esibulalayo. I-Sodium cyanide, lapho itholakala ku- Carbon dioxide, ibola kancane, isici esithinta ukugcinwa kwayo kanye nokuqina kwayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. I-Potassium cyanide ikhipha ukushisa lapho isabela emanzini, okungaba yingozi uma ingaphathwa kahle. I-Sodium cyanide, uma ixutshwe nama-oxidizer anamandla, ingaholela ekuphenduleni okuqhumayo, igcizelela ukubaluleka kwezinqubo zokuphatha eziqinile.

Izicelo

Ukusetshenziswa Kwezimboni

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-potassium cyanide kanye ne-sodium cyanide kuyahlukahluka kakhulu. I-Potassium cyanide isetshenziswa kakhulu embonini ye-electroplating, lapho idlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ikhwalithi nokuqina kwezembozo zensimbi. Iphinde isebenze njengesikhungo sokwenziwa kwezinto eziphilayo, inegalelo ekukhiqizweni kwamakhemikhali ahlukahlukene ezinto eziphilayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-potassium cyanide ihilelekile ekulungiseleleni ama-ferri cyanides , anezicelo ezithombeni nakwezinye izinqubo zamakhemikhali.

I-sodium cyanide, ngakolunye uhlangothi, isetshenziswa kakhulu ekukhishweni kwezinsimbi eziyigugu njengegolide. Ikhono layo lokwenza izakhiwo ezizinzile ngama-ion egolide liyenza ibe i-reagent ebalulekile emisebenzini yezimayini yegolide kanye nokucwengwa. Ibuye isetshenziswe ekukhiqizeni ama-nitriles, okuyizingqimba ezibalulekile zokwakha amakhemikhali amaningi, amapulasitiki, kanye nemithi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-sodium cyanide iyasebenza embonini yezemithi, nakuba ukusetshenziswa kwayo kulawulwa kakhulu ngenxa yobuthi bayo obukhulu.

Ukucatshangelwa Kwezokuphepha

Ukuphatha nokugcina

Ukuphepha kubaluleke kakhulu lapho usebenza nakho kokubili i-potassium cyanide kanye ne-sodium cyanide ngenxa yobuthi bazo obudlulele. I-Potassium cyanide ivamise ukupakishwa ezigubhu zensimbi ezivaliwe ukuvikela ukuvuza nokuchayeka. Kufanele ithuthwe ngokuhambisana ngokuqinile nemithetho yamakhemikhali ayingozi, futhi ukukhiqizwa kwayo kudinga izinyathelo eziqinile zokuphepha ukuvikela abasebenzi ekuchayekeni. Uma kwenzeka ukuthintana kwesikhumba ne-potassium cyanide, ukunakekelwa kwezempilo ngokushesha kuyadingeka njengoba kungaholela ngokushesha ebuthi. Ukuphuza ngisho nenani elincane kungaba yingozi.

I-sodium cyanide kufanele igcinwe endaweni epholile, eyomile ukuvimbela ukumuncwa komswakama kanye nokuwohloka. Ngesikhathi sokuphatha, kufanele kuthathwe izinyathelo zokuvikela ukuvikela ukulimala kweziqukathi, njengoba noma yikuphi ukuvuza kungaholela ekungcoleni kwemvelo futhi kubangele ubungozi obukhulu empilweni yomuntu. Esimeni sokuvuza kwe-sodium cyanide, kunezinqubo zokusabela eziphuthumayo ezijwayelekile okufanele zilandelwe ukuze kuncishiswe umthelela emvelweni nokuphepha kwabantu. Ukuhogela umoya we-sodium cyanide kungabangela umonakalo omkhulu ohlelweni lokuphefumula, futhi kubangela ingozi enkulu yokungcoliswa kwemvelo uma kungalawulwa kahle.

Sengiphetha, nakuba i-potassium cyanide ne-sodium cyanide zihlanganyela isici esivamile sobuthi obudlulele, umehluko wazo wezinto ezibonakalayo, ukuziphatha kwamakhemikhali, ukusetshenziswa, kanye nezidingo zokuphepha zinkulu. Ukuqonda lokhu kwehluka kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukusetshenziswa kwabo okuphephile nangempumelelo ezinqubweni ezehlukene zezimboni. Zombili lezi zinhlanganisela zidinga ukuthotshelwa kwemithetho eqinile, ukuphatha ngokucophelela, nokuphathwa okufanele ukuze kuvinjwe izingozi, kuvikelwe impilo yabantu, futhi kuvikelwe imvelo.