Isicelo Senqubo Ye-Cyanidation kanye Nocwaningo Lwezinsimbi Zegolide Ezine-Copper

Isingeniso

Emkhakheni wokukhishwa kwegolide, i inqubo ye-cyanidation sekuyisikhathi eside iyisisekelo ngenxa yokukhetha kwayo kanye nokuba nokwenzeka kwayo. Kodwa-ke, lapho kubhekwana nezinsimbi zegolide ezinethusi, ubunkimbinkimbi be-mineralogy buletha izinselele eziyingqayizivele. Njengoba amamaki ethusi, isiliva, kanye negolide aqhubeka ehla emhlabeni jikelele, futhi i-mineralogy ezungezile iya ihlukahluka kakhulu, kubalulekile ukuthuthukisa inqubo ye-cyanidation yalezi zinsimbi eziyinkimbinkimbi. Lokhu okuthunyelwe kwebhulogi kucubungula isicelo kanye nocwaningo lwe-cyanidation yezinsimbi zegolide ezinethusi, okuhloswe ngazo ukuhlinzeka ngemininingwane yezindlela zokwelapha ezisebenzayo.

Izinselelo Ku-Cyanidating Izinsimbi Zegolide Ezine-Copper

I-Mineralogical Complexity

Ama-ores egolide anethusi ngokuvamile aqukethe amaminerali ahlukahlukene, kuhlanganise namaminerali ensimbi ye-sulfide njenge-pyrite, i-pyrrhotite, i-chalcopyrite, ne-sphalerite. Ukwengeza, bangase babe nama-ion afana ne-Fe²⁺, Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺, S²⁻, ne-Fe³⁺ ku-pulp yensimbi. Ngesikhathi senqubo ye-cyanidation leaching, lezi zingxenye zingadla inani elikhulu i-cyanide kanye ne-oxygen encibilikile. Isibonelo, ukuba khona kwe-Cu²⁺ kungasabela nge-cyanide, yakhe izakhiwo ezizinzile, ngaleyo ndlela kwehlise i-cyanide yamahhala etholakalayo ekuncibilikeni kwegolide. Lokhu akugcini nje ngokukhuphula ukusetshenziswa kwe-cyanide kodwa futhi kunciphisa ukusebenza kahle kokucwiliswa kwegolide.

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Cyanide

Okuqukethwe kwethusi okuphezulu kuma-ores kuholela ngokweqile ukusetshenziswa kwe-cyanide. Ikhopha encibilikayo otshwaleni be-leach ihlangana ne-cyanide, okubangela izindleko zokusebenza eziphezulu ngendlela engamukeleki. Kwezinye izimo, amamaki ethusi kokuphakelayo angashintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, njengoba kubonakala emayini ye-Anglo Asian Mining's Geda Bek e-Azerbaijan. Ngemuva kokuqala kwesikhungo sokucubungula insimbi yegolide enyakazayo, amamaki aphezulu ethusi aholela ekwenyukeni kokusetshenziswa kwe-cyanide, naphezu kwekhono lesitshalo lokusingatha ukugxilwa kwethusi okuphezulu otshwaleni be-leach ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukukhiqizwa kwegolide kakhulu.

Ukusetshenziswa Kwenqubo Ye-Cyanidation Yezinsimbi Zegolide Ezine-Copper

I-Ammonia - I-Cyanide Leaching Esizwayo

Enye indlela yokubhekana nezinselelo ekufakweni kwensimbi yegolide enethusi i-cyanidate ukusetshenziswa kwe-ammonia - i-cyanide leaching esiza. Emayini ye-Geda Bek, i-ammonia yethulwa kusekethe we-leaching ukuze kwehliswe ukusetshenziswa kwe-cyanide. Le ndlela itholwe iphumelela ekwehliseni uhhafu ukukhishwa kwekhopha, ngaleyo ndlela kuholele ekwehleni okukhulu kokusetshenziswa kwe-cyanide ohlelweni lokucwiliswa kwesikali esigcwele. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-ammonia ku-copper - i-golden cyanide leach systems inomlando omude, kusukela ngo-1902 lapho u-Hunt egunyaza ukusetshenziswa kwayo ukuze kuncishiswe ukusetshenziswa kwe-cyanide ngesikhathi sokucwiliswa kwegolide kuma-ore anethusi. Inqubo ye-ammonia - cyanide yasetshenziselwa ukuthengisa ukwelapha imsila evela e-Comstock Lode e-Nevada kanye ne-cupriferous gold ore e-Dale, e-California.

Ukwelashwa Kwe-Ore Pulp

Ukulungiswa kwe-ore pulp kungesinye isinyathelo esibalulekile enqubweni ye-cyanidation yezinsimbi zegolide ezinethusi. Ukwelashwa kwe-alkaline kunganciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-cyanide futhi kuthuthukise izinga legolide le-cyanide leaching. Uma i-ore pulp ingenziwe ngaphambili, i-CN⁻ yamahhala kuyo incane, okubonisa ukuthi i-CN⁻ idliwa i-Fe²⁺, Zn²⁺, S²⁻ namanye ama-ion, futhi okuqukethwe kwe-Cu²⁺, Fe³⁺, Zn²⁺ ions nakho kuphansi kakhulu. Ngemuva kokwelashwa, i-CN⁻ yamahhala ku-pulp ye-ore iphezulu ngokuqhathaniswa, futhi ama-ion e-Cu²⁺, Fe³⁺, Zn²⁺ aphezulu kunalawo angenawo ukwelashwa kusengaphambili, okusho ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwe-CN⁻ yamahhala ngemva kokwelashwa kusengaphambili kwehlisiwe, nama-ion ayingozi awasetshenziswa i-CN⁻. Ngakho-ke, ukwelashwa kwe-alkaline ngaphambi kokucwiliswa kwe-cyanide kungaba yinzuzo.

Iziqondiso Zokucwaninga Nokuthuthukisa

Ukuthuthukiswa kwama-reagents amasha kanye nezinqubo

Abacwaningi bahlale behlola ama-reagents amasha kanye nezinqubo zokuthuthukisa inqubo ye-cyanidation yezinsimbi zegolide ezinethusi. Isibonelo, ukusetshenziswa kwama-oxiliary oxidants kuyindawo okugxilwe kuyo. Ukwengeza ama-oxidants (njengomoya-mpilo omsulwa noma amanye ama-oxides) phakathi nenqubo yokuvuza kungakhuphula okuqukethwe "komoyampilo osebenzayo osebenzayo" ku-pulp ye-ore, kuthuthukise imvelo ye-cyanidation leaching, kusheshise isivinini sokuvuza, kufinyeze isikhathi sokuvuza, futhi kunciphise ukusetshenziswa kwe-cyanide. Ukusetshenziswa kwama-oxiliary oxidants kuye kwakhuthazwa kabanzi emhlabeni wonke njengobuchwepheshe obufanele bokuthuthukisa inqubo ye-cyanidation. Ukwengeza, ukuthuthukiswa kwama-ejenti amasha okukhipha amanzi, afana ne-thiosulfate, ebonise amandla okukhipha igolide kusuka ezinsimbi zegolide ezinethusi ngokusebenza kahle okuphezulu, nakho kuyisiqondiso esibalulekile socwaningo.

Ukuhlanganiswa Kwenqubo Nokuthuthukisa

Ukuhlanganisa izinqubo ezahlukene nakho kungaholela emiphumeleni engcono. Isibonelo, ukuhlanganisa isitshalo se-leach enyakazayo nemisebenzi ekhona ye-heap leach/ADR/SART, njengoba kwenziwa emayini ye-Geda Bek, kungenza yonke inqubo isebenze kahle kakhulu. Uhlelo lwe-resin-in-pulp, lapho igolide litholwa khona ku-leach pulp ngokuthintana negolide - i-ion exchange resin ethize, iyingxenye eyinhloko yalokhu kuhlanganiswa. Ngokuthuthukisa inhlanganisela yalezi zinqubo kanye nemishini, ukusebenza okuphelele kwenqubo ye-cyanidation yezinsimbi zegolide ezinethusi kungathuthukiswa.

Isiphetho

Inqubo ye-cyanidation yegolide elinethusi isalokhu iyindlela ebalulekile embonini yezimayini naphezu kwezinselelo zayo. Ngamaqhinga afana ne-ammonia - i-cyanide ekhishwayo, ukunakekelwa kwangaphambili kwe-ore pulp, nocwaningo oluqhubekayo nokuthuthukiswa kwama-reagents amasha kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwenqubo, ukusebenza kahle nokusebenza kwezomnotho kwenqubo ye-cyanidation kungathuthukiswa. Njengoba imboni yezimayini iqhubeka nokubhekana nezinselele zokwehla kwamazinga e-ore kanye ne-mineralogy eyinkimbinkimbi, ukuqamba okusha okuqhubekayo ohlelweni lwe-cyanidation yegolide elinethusi kuzobaluleka ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukukhiqizwa kwegolide okuqhubekayo.