Ukwelashwa Kwe-Cyanide Emayini Yegolide Emisila Nge-Ferrous Sulfate

Isingeniso

Imisele yezimayini zegolide ivame ukuqukethe amazinga aphezulu e- cyanide , enobuthi obukhulu futhi ebeka usongo olukhulu emvelweni nasempilweni yabantu. Ukulahlwa okungafanele kwale misele kungaholela ekungcoleni kwenhlabathi, imithombo yamanzi, nomoya. Ngakho-ke, izindlela zokwelapha ezisebenzayo zokususa i-cyanide emiseleni yezimayini zegolide zibalulekile. Phakathi kwezinketho ezahlukene zokwelapha, i-ferrous sulfate ivele njenge-reagent esetshenziswa kakhulu futhi engabizi kakhulu. Lesi sihloko sizogxila ekusetshenzisweni kwe-ferrous sulfate ekwelapheni i-cyanide emiseleni yezimayini zegolide, sihlanganisa izici ezifana nezindlela zokusabela, izimo zokusebenza, ukusetshenziswa okusebenzayo, kanye nezinzuzo.

Izindlela Zokusabela

Ukwakhiwa kwe-Ferrocyanide Complexes

I-Ferrous sulfate (FeSO₄) iqukethe ama-ion ayoni (Fe²⁺). Uma i-ferrous sulfate yengezwa emisileni yegolide yezimayini equkethe i-cyanide, ama-ion ayoni asabela nge-cyanide ions yamahhala (CN⁻) kuma-tailings. Ukusabela okuyinhloko ukwakheka kwe-ferrocyanide complexes, engamelwa i-chemical equation: Fe²⁺ + 6CN⁻ → Fe(CN)₆⁴⁻. Lokhu kusabela kuyisinyathelo sokuqala senqubo yokusebenzisa i-ferrous sulfate ukwelapha i-cyanide - equkethe imisila.

Isizukulwane sePrussian Blue

Ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, lapho i-sulfate ene-ferrous yengezwa ku-cyanide - equkethe isisombululo, ukusabela okuqhubekayo kwenzeka. I-Cyanide iguqulwa ibe imvula engancibiliki eyaziwa ngokuthi i-ferrocyanide, ngokuvamile ebizwa ngokuthi i-Prussian blue. Ukusabela kwamakhemikhali okwakhiwa kombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka we-Prussian kuyinkimbinkimbi futhi kungenziwa lula ngale ndlela elandelayo: ngemva kokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo ze-ferrocyanide, ama-ion ayoni angeziwe asabela nge-Fe(CN)₆⁴⁻ enze i-Fe₄(Fe(CN)₆)₃. Le precipitate engancibiliki inenzuzo njengoba inciphisa ngempumelelo ukugcwala kwe-cyanide yamahhala kuma-tailings, okwenza imisila ingabi nobuthi.

Nokho, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukusabela akuqondile ngaso sonke isikhathi. I-Prussian blue ingaba khona ngezindlela ezahlukene ngaphansi kwezimo ezihlukahlukene zesixazululo. Olunye uhlobo olunjalo “luluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka lwe-Prussian oluncibilikayo,” olumelwe i-MFeⅢ(FeⅡ(CN)₆) (M = K noma i-Na), eyenza isixazululo se-colloidal ngamanzi. Ukwengeza, imvula kanye nokusabela kwe-oxidation okubandakanya i-ferrous hydroxide nakho kudlala indima kuyo yonke inqubo.

Izimo Zokusebenza

Inani le-pH

Inani le-pH lesisombululo lithinta kakhulu ukusabela phakathi kwe-ferrous sulfate ne-cyanide. Ibanga le-pH elilungile lokusabela ngokuvamile liphakathi kuka-5.5 no-6.5. Kulolu hlu lwe-pH, ukusabela phakathi kwama-ion ayoni kanye ne-cyanide kushesha kakhulu futhi kuphelele. Uma i-pH iphansi kakhulu (ngaphansi kuka-4), ama-ion e-ferrocyanide ayantengantenga. Angakwazi ukusabela kwakheka i-pentacyano - iron (II) complexes (Fe(CN)₅H₂O)³⁻, abe esefakwa i-oxidized ngokushesha kuma-ion e-ferricyanide (Fe(CN)₆³⁻). Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lapho i-pH ingaphezu kuka-7. I-Prussian eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka engancibiliki ingabola, yenze ama-ion e-ferrocyanide nama-iron oxide ahlukahlukene angancibiliki, okungekuhle ukususwa kwe-cyanide.

Umthamo we-Ferrous sulfate

Umthamo we-ferrous sulfate udinga ukulawulwa ngokucophelela. Kufanele kunqunywe ngokusho kokuqukethwe kwe-cyanide emiseleni kanye nekhwalithi yamanzi. Uma umthamo uphansi kakhulu, kungase kungenzeki ukususa ngokuphelele i-cyanide. Ngokuphambene, uma umthamo uphezulu kakhulu, ngeke nje ubangele ukungcola kodwa ungase futhi wethule ukungcola okusha. Ngokuhlolwa, kutholwe ukuthi isilinganiso esilungile se-molar ye-Fe ukuya ku-CN⁻ ngu-0.5. Lesi silinganiso siqinisekisa ukususwa okusebenzayo kwe-cyanide ngenkathi kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-ferrous sulfate.

Isikhathi sokuhlanganisa kanye ne-Sedimentation

Ukuxuba okwanele kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ama-ion ayoni kanye ne-cyanide angathintana ngokugcwele futhi asabele. Isikhathi esanele sokuxuba sivumela ukusatshalaliswa okufanayo kwama-reactants esixazululweni, okuthuthukisa izinga lokusabela. Ngemva kokusabela, isikhathi esifanele sedimentation siyadingeka. Lesi sikhathi sinenzuzo ekwakhekeni kwemvula ezinzile kanye nokunciphisa ukugxila kwe-cyanide emanzini angcolile. Izikhathi eziqondile zokuxutshwa kanye ne-sedimentation zingahluka kuye ngesimo sangempela, njengokugcwala kwe-cyanide emisileni kanye nezinto ezisetshenziswayo zokwelashwa.

Izicelo Ezisebenzayo

Ucwaningo Lwephrojekthi Yokwelapha Izinsalela Zemayini Yegolide

Kuphrojekthi ethile yokwelapha izinsalela zemayini yegolide, kwathathwa inqubo ehlangene ye-ferrous sulfate nomcako. Okokuqala, inani elifanele lomcako lengezwe emanzini ensila ukuze kulungiswe inani le-pH libe ibanga elifanele (ngokuvamile li-5.5 - 6.5). Lesi sinyathelo sisiza ukukhuthaza ukuguqulwa kanye nemvula ye-cyanide. Kamuva, i-ferrous sulfate yenezelwa emanzini, futhi ngokunyakazisa, ama-ion ayoni asabela ngokugcwele ne-cyanide ukuze akhe imvula yasePrussia eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nezinye. Ekugcineni, ngemva kwezinyathelo zemvula nokuhlunga, amanzi angcolile ahlanzekile atholakala. Izinsalela ezilashiwe zahlangabezana nezindinganiso ezifanele zemvelo, zehlisa kakhulu ubungozi bemvelo.

Inhlanganisela namanye ama-reagents

I-Ferrous sulfate ivame ukusetshenziswa ngokuhlanganiswa namanye ama-reagents ukuthuthukisa umphumela wokwelapha. Isibonelo, ivame ukusetshenziswa ngokuhambisana ne-high - flocculants yamangqamuzana njenge-polyacrylamide. I-Polyacrylamide ingathuthukisa ukuhlangana kwe-precipitates, yenze inqubo ye-sedimentation isebenze kahle. Le nqubo yokwelapha ehlanganisiwe ayigcini nje ngokususa ngempumelelo izinto eziyingozi emisileni kodwa futhi inciphisa izindleko zokwelashwa futhi ithuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokwelashwa. Ngokwandisa umthamo kanye nokulandelana kokwengezwa kwama-reagents ahlukene, imiphumela engcono yokwelashwa ingafinyelelwa.

Izinzuzo Zokusebenzisa I-Ferrous Sulfate

Izindleko - ukusebenza kahle

I-Ferrous sulfate ayibizi kakhulu uma iqhathaniswa namanye ama-reagents asetshenziselwa ukwelashwa kwe-cyanide. Ukutholakala kwayo okubanzi emakethe kuyenza ibe inketho ekhangayo ezinkampanini zezimayini zegolide. Ukusebenzisa i-ferrous sulfate kunganciphisa kakhulu izindleko zokwelashwa kwezinsalela, ikakhulukazi ezimayini zegolide ezinkulu ezikhiqiza inani elikhulu lemisila. Lezi zindleko - ukusebenza ngempumelelo kubalulekile ekusebenzeni okusimeme kwamabhizinisi okumba igolide.

Inqubo Yokwelapha Eyenziwe Lula

Inqubo yokwelapha usebenzisa i-ferrous sulfate ilula. Ngemva kokwengeza i-ferrous sulfate kuma-tailings nokulungisa izimo zokusabela ezifanele, izinyathelo ezilandelayo zokuhlukanisa kanye nemvula ziqondile. Kwezinye izimo, amanzi angcolile aphathwa nge-ferrous sulfate ayidingi izinyathelo eziyinkimbinkimbi zokuhlukanisa ngaphambi kokudlulela enqubweni yokwelapha elandelayo, esindisa amayunithi okusabela futhi enze inqubo yokwelapha ibe lula. Lokhu kulula futhi kwenza kube lula ukuthi opharetha balawule futhi baphathe inqubo yokwelapha.

Izinselele kanye Nemibono Yekusasa

I-Environmental Impact of By - products

Nakuba ukwelapha nge-ferrous sulfate kungasusa ngempumelelo i-cyanide emisileni yezimayini zegolide, imikhiqizo ekhiqizwa ngesikhathi senqubo, njengensimbi ethile - equkethe imvula, ingase ibe nemithelela engaba khona kwezemvelo. Isibonelo, uma zingalahlwanga kahle, lezi zimvula zingakhulula ama-ion ensimbi noma ezinye izinto endaweni ezungezile ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ucwaningo lwangomuso luyadingeka ukuze kubhekwe izindlela ezisebenza kahle kakhulu zokuphatha le mikhiqizo ukuze kuncishiswe indawo ezungezile.

Ukuthuthukiswa Kwezimo Zokwelapha Zemisila Ehlukahlukene

Izinsalela zemayini yegolide zingahluka kakhulu ngokwakheka kanye nezakhiwo ukusuka emayini eyodwa kuya kwenye. Izimo zamanje zokwelashwa ezilungile ze-ferrous sulfate, njengevelu ye-pH, umthamo, nesikhathi sokusabela, kungase kudingeke ukuthi kuthuthukiswe okwengeziwe ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zemisila. Ucwaningo olunzulu luyadingeka ukuze kuthuthukiswe inqubo yokwelapha evumelana nezimo futhi evumelana nezimo engasetshenziswa kuhlu olubanzi lwezinsalela zemayini yegolide, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kanye nokusebenza ngempumelelo kokwelashwa kwe-cyanide.

Sengiphetha, i-ferrous sulfate iyi-reagent ebalulekile yokwelapha i-cyanide emayini yegolide. Ngokuqonda izindlela zayo zokusabela, ukwenza ngcono izimo zokusebenza, kanye nokuhlola izinhlelo zokusebenza ezingokoqobo, ingadlala indima ebalulekile ekwehliseni umthelela wemvelo wemisebenzi yokumba igolide. Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo oluqhubekayo kanye nokwenza ngcono kusadingeka ukuze kubhekwane nezinselele ezihambisana nale ndlela yokwelapha nokwenza imboni yezimayini zegolide ukuthi isimeme.