Ukwelashwa Okufanelekile Kwemfucuza Ye-Sodium Cyanide

Isingeniso

Sodium i-cyanide isetshenziswa kakhulu ezimbonini ezifana nezimayini, i-electroplating, kanye ne-chemical synthesis ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo zamakhemikhali eziyingqayizivele. Nokho, ukusetshenziswa kwe I-Sodium Cyanide ikhiqiza i-cyanide - equkethe imfucuza, futhi I-Liquid Sodium Cyanide imfucuza, ikakhulukazi, ibeka engcupheni enkulu empilweni yomuntu kanye nemvelo uma ingaphathwa ngendlela efanele. I-Cyanide inobuthi obukhulu futhi ingadala umonakalo omkhulu ezintweni eziphilayo ngisho nangenani elincane. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukusebenzisa izindlela ezifanele zokubhekana nalokhu kumosha.

Izingozi ze-Liquid Sodium Cyanide Waste

Ubuthi Ebantwini

I-Cyanide ingangena emzimbeni womuntu ngokuhogela, ukumunca, noma ukuthinta isikhumba. Uma isingaphakathi emzimbeni, ingabopha ngokushesha ku-cytochrome oxidase emangqamuzaneni, ivimbele ukuphefumula kwamaselula futhi iholele ku-thishu hypoxia. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, kungabangela ukufa okusheshayo. Ngisho nokuchayeka kwezinga eliphansi isikhathi eside kungase kubangele izimpawu ezifana nekhanda elibuhlungu, isiyezi, ubuthakathaka, futhi kwezinye izimo, izinkinga zempilo ezingapheli. Lapho usebenza noketshezi i-sodium cyanide udoti, ubungozi bokuthintwa ngengozi buphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa, ikakhulukazi uma izindlela zokuvikela ezifanele zingekho.

Umthelela Ezintweni Eziphila Emanzini

Liquid I-sodium cyanide imfucuza, uma ikhishelwa emanzini, inobuthi obuyingozi kakhulu eziphila emanzini. Ngisho nasezindaweni eziphansi kakhulu, kungaphazamisa imisebenzi evamile yokuphila kwezinhlanzi, izilwane ezingenamgogodla, nezinye izinto eziphilayo zasemanzini. Kungathinta ukuphefumula kwabo, ukukhula, ukuzala kanye nesimiso sokuzivikela komzimba. Isibonelo, lapho ukuhlushwa kwe-cyanide ion kungu-0.02 - 1.0 mg/l (phakathi kwamahora angu-24), izinhlanzi zingafa. I-Cyanide futhi ingadala umonakalo wesikhathi eside kuzinto eziphilayo zasemanzini ngokunciphisa izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kanye nokuphazamisa uchungechunge lokudla.

Imiphumela Ezitshalweni

Lapho izitshalo zithola udoti we-sodium cyanide owuketshezi, kungaba nomthelela omubi ekukhuleni nasekuthuthukeni kwazo. Ukugcwala okuphezulu kwe-cyanide kungavimbela ukukhula kwezimpande zezitshalo, kunciphise ukumuncwa kwezakhi, futhi kuthinte i-photosynthesis. Ezindaweni zokulima, lokhu kungaholela ekunciphiseni kwesivuno sezitshalo kanye nekhwalithi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma imfucumfucu ye-sodium cyanide ewuketshezi isetshenziselwa ukuchelela, ingase ingcolise inhlabathi, ithinte izinga lomhlabathi nokukhula kwezilimo ezilandelayo.

Izindlela Zokwelapha Ze-Liquid Sodium Cyanide Waste

Indlela ye-Alkaline Chlorination

isimiso: Le ndlela ilungisa i-pH ye-sodium cyanide ewuketshezi - equkethe amanzi angcolile ibe ngu-8.5 - 9 bese yengeza ama-oxidants asekelwe ku-chlorine. Ama-oxidants asekelwe ku-chlorine, njenge-bleach (ikakhulukazi i-NaClO) noma igesi ye-chlorine (Cl₂, encibilika emanzini ukuze yakhe i-HClO), isabela ngama-ion e-cyanide (CN⁻). Esinyathelweni sokuqala, i-cyanide i-oxidized to cyanate (CNO⁻), enobuthi obuncane kakhulu. I-oxidation eyengeziwe ingaguqula i-cyanate ibe yi-carbon dioxide (CO₂) ne-nitrogen (N₂). Ukusabela kwamakhemikhali kungavezwa kalula kanje:

CN⁻ + ClO⁻ + H₂O → CNO⁻ + Cl⁻ + 2H⁺

2CNO⁻ + 3ClO⁻ + H₂O → 2CO₂ + N₂ + 3Cl⁻ + 2OH⁻

Izinzuzo kanye nokubi: Indlela ye-alkaline chlorination ilula ukuyisebenzisa futhi isetshenziswe kabanzi. Inganciphisa ngempumelelo okuqukethwe kwe-cyanide emanzini angcolile kuya ezingeni eliphansi uma kuqhathaniswa. Kodwa-ke, ifaneleka kakhulu ukwelapha amanzi angcolile ngokugxilisa okuphansi kwe-cyanide. Uma ukugcwala kwe-cyanide kuphezulu kakhulu, kuzodingeka inani elikhulu lama-oxidants asuselwa ku-chlorine, okungase kwenyuse izindleko zokwelashwa futhi kukhiqize ukungcola kwesibili.

I-Presurizing Hydrolysis Method

isimiso: Ngale ndlela, i-sodium cyanide ewuketshezi - equkethe amanzi angcolile ifakwa esitsheni esivaliwe. I-alkali iyengezwa, bese amanzi angcolile ayashiswa futhi acindezelwe. Ngaphansi kwalezi zimo, i-cyanide ithola ukusabela kwe-hydrolysis. Ama-Cyanide ions asabela nama-molecule amanzi ukuze akhiqize i-non-toxic sodium formate (HCOONA) kanye ne-ammonia (NH₃). I-chemical reaction equation ithi:

CN⁻ + 2H₂O → HCOO⁻ + NH₃

Izinzuzo kanye nokubi: Indlela ye-pressurizing hydrolysis inobubanzi obuhlukahlukene bokuguquguquka ekugxilweni kwe-cyanide emanzini angcolile. Ingakwazi futhi ukuphatha izinhlanganisela eziyinkimbinkimbi ze-cyanide. Ukusebenza kuqondile ngokuqhathaniswa nenqubo yokusabela. Kodwa-ke, le ndlela idinga imishini ekhethekile yokucindezela nokushisa, okwenza inqubo yonke ibe yinkimbinkimbi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali kwemishini kuphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa, okuholela ezindlekweni zokwelashwa eziphezulu.

Indlela ene-Acidized

isimiso: Ngendlela ene-asidi, i-sulfuric acid yengezwa ku-sodium cyanide ewuketshezi - equkethe amanzi angcolile ukuze kulungiswe i-pH ibe ngu-2 - 3. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezine-asidi, i-cyanide emanzini angcolile isabela ukwenza igesi ye-hydrogen cyanide (HCN). Njengoba ukuminyana kwegesi ye-hydrogen cyanide kukuncane, futhi kusetshenziswa isimiso sokulinganisela komfutho womoya, umoya udlula emanzini angcolile ukuze ukhiphe igesi ye-hydrogen cyanide. Igesi ye-hydrogen cyanide eqhutshwayo ingase yethulwe kwisisombululo se-alkali ukuze sigaywe kabusha. Ukusabela kwamakhemikhali okuyinhloko yilokhu:

CN⁻ + H⁺ → HCN↑

Izinzuzo kanye nokubi: Enye yezinzuzo zale ndlela ukuthi ingakwazi ukubuyisela i-sodium cyanide, enenani elithile lezomnotho. Nokho, le ndlela idinga ukulawula okuqinile kwezimo zokusebenza. Igesi ye-hydrogen cyanide inobuthi ngokwedlulele, futhi noma yikuphi ukuvuza phakathi nenqubo kungaba yingozi enkulu emvelweni nempilo yabantu. Ngakho-ke, izinyathelo zokuphepha ezisezingeni eliphezulu kanye nokuvalwa kwemishini kuyadingeka.

Izindlela Zokwelapha Zebhayoloji

isimiso: Amanye ama-microorganisms anamandla okubola i-cyanide. Ku Izindlela Zokwelapha Zebhayoloji, amagciwane athile noma isikhunta sisetshenziselwa ukwehlisa isithunzi se-cyanide kudoti owuketshezi. Lawa ma-microorganisms angasebenzisa i-cyanide njengomthombo wekhabhoni noma we-nitrogen ngochungechunge lwe-enzymatic reactions, iguqule ibe yizinto ezingezona ezinobuthi njenge-carbon dioxide, amanzi, ne-ammonia. Isibonelo, amanye amagciwane e-cyanide - ehlisa isithunzi angakwazi ukudiliza i-cyanide ibe yizinhlanganisela eziyingozi kancane ngokusebenzisa izindlela ze-metabolic.

Izinzuzo kanye nokubi: Izindlela zokwelapha zebhayoloji zihambisana nemvelo njengoba zingathuli inani elikhulu lama-reagents amakhemikhali. Angabiza - aphumelele ukwelapha i-cyanide egxilile - equkethe udoti owuketshezi ngesikhathi sokusebenza isikhathi eside. Kodwa-ke, ayazwela ezicini zemvelo ezifana nezinga lokushisa, i-pH, nokuba khona kwezinye izinto ezinobuthi emfucumfucwini. Inqubo yokwelapha ingase futhi idinge isikhathi eside uma kuqhathaniswa ukuze kuzuzwe umphumela wokwelashwa ofunekayo, futhi ukusethwa kokuqala kohlelo lokwelapha lwebhayoloji kungaba yinkimbinkimbi.

Izinyathelo Zokuphepha Ngesikhathi Sokwelashwa

Lapho ukwelapha imfucuza ye-sodium cyanide, eqinile Ukuqapha Ukuphepha kumele kuthathwe. Abasebenzisi kufanele bagqoke izinto zokuzivikela ezifanele, okuhlanganisa amasudi amelana namakhemikhali, amagilavu, izibuko, nemishini yokuvikela ukuphefumula. Indawo yokwelapha kufanele ibe nomoya omuhle, futhi izinto zokubhekana nezimo eziphuthumayo njengeziteshi zokugeza amehlo kanye nezihlambi zokuphepha kufanele zitholakale kalula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yonke imisebenzi yokwelapha kufanele ihambisane nemithetho nezindinganiso ezifanele zokuphepha ukuze kuvinjelwe izingozi futhi kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha kwabasebenzi kanye nemvelo.

Isiphetho

Ukwelashwa ngendlela efanele kwemfucuza ye-sodium cyanide kubalulekile ekuvikeleni impilo yabantu kanye nemvelo. Ngokuqonda izingozi zale mfucumfucu nokusebenzisa izindlela zokwelashwa ezifanele ezifana ne-alkaline chlorination, i-pressurizing hydrolysis, ukwelashwa okune-asidi, noma ukwelashwa kwebhayoloji, kanye nezinyathelo zokuphepha eziqinile, singanciphisa ngempumelelo izingozi ezihlobene nemfucumfucu ye-sodium cyanide. Kubalulekile ukuthi izimboni ezikhiqiza udoti onjalo zitshale ezikhungweni zokwelapha ezifanele futhi ziqinisekise ukuthi zonke izinqubo zokuphatha nokwelapha zenziwa ngendlela enesibopho nethobelayo.