Ubuthi kanye Nomphumela Wemvelo we-Sodium Cyanide

Isingeniso

Sodium i-cyanide (I-NaCN) iyinhlanganisela yamakhemikhali anobuthi obukhulu futhi eyingozi eye yadonsela ukunaka okukhulu ngenxa yamandla ayo okubangela ukulimala okukhulu kokubili impilo yomuntu kanye nemvelo. Isetshenziswa kabanzi ezinqubweni ezehlukene zezimboni, ezifana nezimayini, i-electroplating, kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwamakhemikhali. Nokho, ukuphathwa okungalungile, ukugcinwa, noma ukukhululwa ngephutha kwe I-sodium cyanide kungaholela emiphumeleni eyinhlekelele. Lesi sihloko sihlose ukuhlaziya kabanzi ubuthi be I-Sodium Cyanide kanye nalo Umthelela wemvelo.

Ubuthi beSodium Cyanide

Indlela Yobuthi

Ubuthi obudlulele be i-sodium cyanide ngokuyinhloko isukela ku I-cyanide ion (CN⁻). Uma isingenile, isihogeliwe, noma imuncwe esikhumbeni, i-ion ye-cyanide ibopha ngokushesha ku-cytochrome c oxidase, i-enzyme eyinkimbinkimbi ku-mitochondria yamaseli. Lokhu kubophezela kuphazamisa uchungechunge lwezokuthutha lwe-electron evamile, luvimbele ukuphefumula kwamangqamuzana. Ngenxa yalokho, amangqamuzana awakwazi ukusebenzisa umoya-mpilo ngokuphumelelayo, okuholela esimweni sokuphefumula kwamaselula. Ngisho nenani elincane le-sodium cyanide lingaphazamisa ngokushesha imisebenzi ebalulekile yomzimba ezingeni lamangqamuzana.

Ubuthi Acute Kubantu

Ukuchayeka ku-sodium cyanide kungabangela ubuthi obukhulu obunezinhlobonhlobo zezimpawu. Ukuhogela igesi ye-cyanide noma uthuli kungaholela ekucindezelekeni kokuphefumula ngokushesha, ukuphefumula ngokushesha, nomuzwa wokuminyanisa. Ukungena kwe-sodium cyanide kungase kubangele izimpawu ezinjengokucanuzela kwenhliziyo, ukuhlanza, ubuhlungu besisu, nephunga elibabayo le-alimondi emoyeni, okuwuphawu oluwuphawu lobuthi be-cyanide. Njengoba ubuthi buqhubeka, kungase kube nokulahlekelwa ukwazi, ukudlikizeka, futhi ekugcineni, ukuboshwa kwenhliziyo nokufa. Umthamo obulalayo we-sodium cyanide kubantu uphansi kakhulu, ngokuvamile ebangeni lama-50 - 250 milligrams, kuye ngezici ezifana nesisindo somzimba kanye nomzila wokuchayeka.

Ubuthi obungapheli

Ukuchayeka isikhathi eside, ezingeni eliphansi ku-sodium cyanide nakho kungaba nemiphumela engapheli empilweni yomuntu. Kungase kuthinte isimiso sezinzwa, kubangele izimpawu ezinjengokukhanda ikhanda, isiyezi, ukukhubazeka kwenkumbulo, nokulimala kwezinzwa. Ukuchayeka okungamahlalakhona kungaba nomthelela ohlelweni lwenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi, kubangele ukungahambi kahle komfutho wegazi kanye nomonakalo ongaba khona wesikhathi eside emisipha yenhliziyo. Ukwengeza, ukuchayeka kaningi kungenza amasosha omzimba abe buthakathaka, kwenze abantu bangenwe kalula yizifo.

Umthelela Kwezemvelo we-Sodium Cyanide

Isiphetho Emvelweni

Lapho i-sodium cyanide ikhishelwa endaweni ezungezile, iba nezinqubo ezihlukahlukene. Emanzini, ingahlukana ibe yi-cyanide ions. Ama-Cyanide ions ayasebenza futhi angasebenzisana nezinye izinto. Lapho kukhona ukukhanya kwelanga nama-microorganisms athile, i-cyanide ingafakwa kwi-oxidized ibe yizinhlobo ezinobuthi obuncane njenge-cyanate (CNO⁻). Nokho, le nqubo ye-oxidation ingahamba kancane, futhi ezimweni ze-anaerobic, i-cyanide ingase iqhubeke emanzini isikhathi eside. Emhlabathini, i-sodium cyanide ingakhanga ezinhlayiyeni zomhlabathi, futhi ukuhamba kwayo kuncike ezintweni ezifana nohlobo lwenhlabathi, i-pH, kanye nokuqukethwe kwezinto eziphilayo.

Umthelela ku-Aquatic Ecosystems

I-sodium cyanide inobuthi obukhulu ezinto eziphilayo zasemanzini. Ngisho nasezindaweni eziphansi, kungabangela ukulimala okukhulu ezinhlanzini, izilwane ezingenamgogodla, nezinye izilwane zasemanzini. I-Cyanide ivimbela ama-enzyme okuphefumula ezinto eziphilayo zasemanzini, okuholela ekuntulekeni komoyampilo futhi ekugcineni nokufa. Izitshalo zasemanzini nazo zingathinteka, njengoba i-cyanide ingase iphazamise izinqubo zazo ze-photosynthetic. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuba khona kwe-sodium cyanide emanzini kungaphazamisa lonke uchungechunge lokudla. Isibonelo, ukufa kwezilwane ezincane ezingenamgogodla ngenxa yobuthi be-cyanide kungaholela ekuntulekeni kokudla kwezinto eziphilayo ezinkulu ezithembele kuzo, okubangela umphumela okhulayo kuyo yonke i-ecosystem.

Umthelela ku-Terestrial Ecosystems

Ezindaweni eziphila emhlabeni, i-sodium cyanide ingangcolisa umhlabathi, okungaba nemiphumela emibi ezitshalweni. Kungavimbela ukukhula kwezimpande kanye nokuthatha izakhi ezitshalweni, okuholela ekukhuleni okubolile kanye nokuncipha kwesivuno sezitshalo. Amagciwane omhlaba, adlala indima ebalulekile ekugibeleni izakhi kanye nokuvunda komhlabathi, nawo angathinteka kakhulu i-cyanide. Ukuba khona kwe-sodium cyanide emhlabathini kungase kubulale amagciwane azuzisayo kanye nesikhunta, kuphazamise izinqubo ezivamile ze-ecosystem yenhlabathi. Lokhu kungaphinde kube nomthelela empilweni yesikhathi eside kanye nokukhiqiza komhlabathi.

Ukunukubezeka komoya kanye nomthelela womkhathi

Uma i-sodium cyanide ikhishwa ngendlela evumela ukuba iguquke emoyeni, njengasezingozini zezimboni ezihlanganisa ukukhishwa kwamagesi e-cyanide - aqukethe amagesi, ingaba usongo olukhulu kwikhwalithi yomoya. I-Cyanide esemoyeni ingahogelwa abantu nezilwane eziseduze, okubangele izinkinga zempilo ezisheshayo njengoba kuchazwe ngenhla. Emkhathini, i-cyanide ingase isabele nezinye izinto ezingcolisayo futhi ibe nomthelela ekwakhekeni kokungcola kwesibili, nakuba izinga lokusabela okunjalo kuseyindawo yocwaningo oluqhubekayo.

Isiphetho

I-sodium cyanide iyinhlanganisela yamakhemikhali enobuthi obudlulele empilweni yomuntu kanye nemvelo. Ubuthi bayo obunamandla nobungapheli kubantu bungaba nemiphumela esongela ukuphila, kuyilapho ukudedelwa kwabo endaweni ezungezile kungabangela umonakalo osabalele ezindaweni eziphila emanzini nasemhlabeni. Uma kubhekwa izingozi ezingaba khona ezihlobene ne-sodium cyanide, izinyathelo zokuphepha eziqinile nemithethonqubo ibalulekile kuzo zonke izinqubo zezimboni ezihilela ukusetshenziswa kwayo. Ukwengeza, ukuqapha okuqhubekayo kwendawo ezungezile ukuba khona kwe-cyanide kanye nocwaningo lwezindlela eziphumelela kakhudlwana zokulungisa kubalulekile ukuze kuncishiswe imiphumela eyingozi yalesi sithako esinobuthi obukhulu.