Ubuthi beCyanide: Izimbangela, Izimpawu, kanye Nempendulo Ephuthumayo

I-Cyanide, ikhemikhali enobuthi obukhulu, sekuyisikhathi eside iyinkinga ngenxa yamandla ayo okubangela ukulimala okukhulu empilweni yabantu. Phakathi kwezinhlobo ezahlukene ze i-cyanide, i-sodium cyanide igqama njengento eyingozi kakhulu, evame ukubandakanyeka ezingozini zezimboni futhi, ezimweni ezingavamile, ukudliswa ushevu ngamabomu. Ukuqonda uhlobo lwe-sodium ubuthi be-cyanide, izimpawu zayo, kanye nokusabela okufanele kwezimo eziphuthumayo kubalulekile ukuze kuvikelwe izimpilo futhi kuncishiswe imithelela yesikhathi eside yalesi simo esingase sibe yingozi.

Ukuqonda i-Sodium Cyanide

I-sodium cyanide iyi-white, crystalline solid ne-almond ebuthakathaka - njengephunga. Isetshenziswa kabanzi ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi izimayini, i-electroplating, kanye nokukhiqiza amakhemikhali. Kulezi zilungiselelo zezimboni, abasebenzi bangachayeka kuzo I-Sodium Cyanide ngokuhogela, ukuthinta isikhumba, noma ngokumunywa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, I-sodium cyanide ingangena emvelweni ngokusebenzisa imfucuza yezimboni futhi ibe yingozi emphakathini jikelele.

Lapho i-sodium cyanide ingena emzimbeni, ihlukana ibe yi-cyanide ions. Lama-ion abopha ku-cytochrome c oxidase, i-enzyme ebalulekile ekuphefumuleni kwamaselula. Ngenxa yalokho, amangqamuzana awakwazi ukusebenzisa umoya-mpilo, okuholela ekuqalekeni ngokushesha kwezimpawu.

Izimpawu ze-Sodium Cyanide Poisoning

Izimpawu zobuthi be-sodium cyanide zingahluka kuye ngomzila nezinga lokuchayeka. Izimpawu zokuqala zingabandakanya:

1. Ukucindezeleka kokuphefumula: Ukuphelelwa umoya, ukuphefumula ngokushesha, nomuzwa wokuphelelwa umoya yizimpawu ezivamile zokuqala zobuthi be-cyanide. Njengoba isimo siqhubeka, izinga lokuphefumula linganciphisa, okuholela ekuboshweni kokuphefumula.

2. Ubuhlungu bekhanda nesiyezi: Izisulu zivame ukuphathwa ikhanda elinzima, isiyezi, nokudideka. Kwezinye izimo, bangase balahlekelwe ukwazi.

3. Imiphumela yenhliziyo: Ubuthi be-Cyanide bungabangela ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo noma okungajwayelekile, umfutho wegazi ophansi, futhi ekugcineni kubanjwe inhliziyo.

4. Izimpawu zamathumbu: Isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, nobuhlungu besisu nakho kuyabikwa njalo.

Ukuphendula okuphuthumayo

1. Ukususwa ngokushesha emthonjeni wokuchayeka: Uma ubuthi senzeka endaweni yemboni noma endaweni lapho kukhona khona i-cyanide, isisulu kufanele sisuswe masinyane siyiswe endaweni engenawo umoya. Ezimweni zokuthinta isikhumba, izingubo ezingcolile kufanele zisuswe ngokushesha, futhi indawo ethintekile kufanele igezwe kahle ngamanzi okungenani imizuzu engu-15.

2. Shayela usizo lwezempilo oluphuthumayo: Shayela inombolo yendawo yezimo eziphuthumayo (efana no-911 e-United States) ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. Nikeza u-opharetha ngolwazi oluningiliziwe mayelana nokusolwa ubuthi be-cyanide, okuhlanganisa indawo, inombolo yezisulu, nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezibonakalayo.

3. Phatha usizo lokuqala: Uma isisulu singaphefumuli, qala ukuvuselela i-cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) ngokushesha. Uma itholakala, sebenzisa i-automated external defibrillator (AED) ngokwemiyalelo yomkhiqizi.

4. Ukwelashwa esibhedlela: Esibhedlela, ukwelashwa okuyinhloko kobuthi be-cyanide ukuphatha ama-antidote. IHydroxocobalamin iyi-antidote esetshenziswa kakhulu ebophezela kuma-ion e-cyanide, yakhe isakhi esinobuthi obuncane esingakhishwa emzimbeni. I-sodium thiosulfate ingase futhi inikezwe ukuze kuthuthukiswe inqubo yemvelo yokukhipha ubuthi emzimbeni.

Prevention

1. Izinyathelo zokuphepha zezimboni: Abaqashi ezimbonini ezisebenzisa i-sodium cyanide kufanele basebenzise izinyathelo zokuphepha eziqinile ukuvimbela ukuchayeka. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuhlinzeka abasebenzi ngezinto zokuzivikela ezifanele, njengama-respirators namagilavu, kanye nokwenza ukuqeqeshwa kokuphepha okuvamile.

2. Ukuqapha kwemvelo: Ukuqapha imvelo ukuze kungcoliswe i-cyanide kubalulekile, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni eziseduze nezindawo zezimboni. Ukuhlolwa njalo komoya, amanzi, nomhlabathi kungasiza ekutholeni imithombo engase ibe khona yokungcola futhi kuvimbele ukuchayeka okusabalele.

Ubuthi be-sodium cyanide yisimo esiphuthumayo esibucayi esidinga ukunakekelwa ngokushesha. Ngokuqonda izimbangela, izimpawu, nezinqubo zokusabela ezimweni eziphuthumayo, abantu ngabanye bangathatha izinyathelo ezisheshayo ukuze bazivikele bona kanye nabanye esimweni sokuchayeka. Ukwengeza, ukusebenzisa izindlela zokuvimbela ezilungiselelweni zezimboni kanye nokuqapha imvelo kungasiza ekunciphiseni ubungozi bezigameko ezihlobene ne-cyanide.