Hanyoyi don magance wutsiyar cyanide tare da hydrogen peroxide

Gabatarwa

Ana samun samfuran da ake samarwa a haƙar zinare da sauran masana'antu waɗanda ke amfani da cyanide a cikin tsarin haƙar. Saboda kasancewar sinadarai masu guba na cyanide, ƙwayoyin Cyanide suna haifar da babbar barazana ga muhalli. Maganin hydrogen peroxide hanya ce mai inganci don magance waɗannan ƙwayoyin. Wannan labarin zai bincika wannan hanyar magani dalla-dalla.

Ka'idojin Jiyya na Hydrogen Peroxide

Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) wani abu ne mai ƙarfi da ke haifar da iskar oxygen. Lokacin da ake magance matsalar cyanide, ƙa'idar farko ita ce Hydrogen peroxide yana amsawa da mahaɗan cyanide a cikin yanayin alkaline (yawanci tare da pH na 10 - 11). Wanda ke haifar da amsawa ta hanyar abubuwa (yawanci ions na jan ƙarfe, Cu²⁺), waɗannan halayen suna faruwa:

Cyanide (CN⁻) ana yin oxidized zuwa cyanate (CNO⁻). Ana iya bayyana martanin kamar haka:

2CN⁻ + 5H₂O₂ + 2OH⁻ → 2CNO⁻ + 6H₂O

A ƙarƙashin takamaiman yanayi, cyanate na iya ƙara amsawa da ruɓewa zuwa abubuwa marasa lahani, kamar ammonia (NH₃), Carbon dioxide (CO₂), da nitrogen (N₂).

CNO⁻ + 2H₂O → NH₃ + HCO₃⁻

Daga baya, ammonia na iya ƙara zama oxidized ko canzawa a ƙarƙashin yanayin muhalli masu dacewa.

Matakan Jiyya

Shiri na Tailings Slurry : Da farko, ana buƙatar a yi amfani da tailings na cyanide a matsayin slurry. Yawanci ana yin hakan ne ta hanyar ƙara ruwa a kan tailings ɗin sannan a haɗa su sosai a cikin akwati mai dacewa (kamar babban tankin haɗawa). Ana daidaita daidaiton tailings ɗin don tabbatar da kyakkyawar hulɗa tsakanin hydrogen peroxide da ƙwayoyin cyanide masu ɗauke da cyanide.

Daidaita pH : Ana daidaita pH na slurry na wutsiyar cyanide zuwa ga kewayon alkaline da ya dace, yawanci pH 10 - 11. Wannan matakin yana da mahimmanci saboda amsawar iskar oxygen na hydrogen peroxide tare da cyanide ya dogara sosai akan ƙimar pH. Ana amfani da lemun tsami (Ca(OH)₂) ko sodium hydroxide (NaOH) akai-akai don ƙara pH.

Ƙarin Mai Haɗawa : Ana ƙara masu haɓaka sinadarin jan ƙarfe, kamar su jan ƙarfe sulfate (CuSO₄), a cikin slurry. ions na jan ƙarfe na iya haɓaka amsawar da ke tsakanin hydrogen peroxide da cyanide, wanda hakan ke hanzarta saurin amsawar. Yawancin lokaci ana sarrafa yawan ions na jan ƙarfe a cikin slurry a kusan 50 mg/L. Duk da haka, idan wutsiyoyin sun riga sun ƙunshi isasshen jan ƙarfe ko wasu abubuwan haɓaka sinadarai, ƙarin ƙarin mai haɓaka sinadarai ba lallai bane.

Ƙarin Hydrogen Peroxide : Sannan, ana ƙara hydrogen peroxide a cikin slurry. Adadin hydrogen peroxide da aka ƙara ya dogara da yawan cyanide a cikin wutsiyoyin. Matsakaicin molar na hydrogen peroxide zuwa cyanide gabaɗaya yana cikin kewayon 3:1 - 8:1. Misali, idan abun ciki na cyanide a cikin wutsiyoyin ya yi yawa, ana buƙatar babban rabo na hydrogen peroxide. Ya kamata a ƙara hydrogen peroxide a hankali tare da ci gaba da juyawa don tabbatar da rarrabawa iri ɗaya da cikakken amsawa.

Amsawa da Juyawa : Ana ci gaba da juyawar slurry ɗin a lokacin amsawar don tabbatar da isasshen hulɗa tsakanin sinadaran da ke haifar da amsawar. Lokacin amsawar ya bambanta dangane da yawan cyanide na farko da manufofin magani, gabaɗaya ba kasa da awanni 1-2 ba. A wannan lokacin, hydrogen peroxide yana lalata cyanide zuwa samfuran da ba su da illa.

Raba Mai Tauri - Ruwa : Bayan an kammala aikin, ana yin raba mai tauri - ruwa akan slurry ɗin da aka yi wa magani. Ana iya cimma wannan ta hanyoyi kamar su narkewa a cikin mai kauri sannan a tace ta amfani da matse tacewa. Ana iya zubar da mai tauri (watau, wutsiyoyin da aka yi wa magani) lafiya, misali, a adana su a cikin wani tafki mai layi da aka sanya wa rijiya kuma ana sa ido a kansa. Ana iya ƙara yin amfani da tacewa, tare da raguwar yawan cyanide da sauran abubuwa, ko kuma a sake amfani da su a cikin tsarin samarwa idan yanayi ya yarda.

Abubuwan Da Suka Shafi Ingantaccen Magani

Yawan sinadarin hydrogen peroxide : Yawan sinadarin hydrogen peroxide da aka ƙara, hakan zai inganta tasirin iskar shaka a kan cyanide. Duk da haka, yawan amfani da hydrogen peroxide ba wai kawai yana ƙara farashi ba ne, har ma yana iya haifar da illa ga muhalli da kuma yiwuwar matsalolin muhalli.

Darajar pH : Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, ƙimar pH na tsarin amsawa yana da tasiri mai mahimmanci akan ƙimar amsawa da inganci. Canje-canje daga mafi kyawun kewayon pH na 10-11 zai rage jinkirin amsawar iskar shaka ta cyanide ta hanyar hydrogen peroxide.

Tarin Mai Haɗawa : Yawan mai haɗawa da aka yi da jan ƙarfe yana shafar saurin amsawar. Idan yawan mai haɗawa ya yi ƙasa sosai, amsawar na iya yin jinkiri sosai; idan ya yi yawa sosai, yana iya haifar da wasu halayen sinadarai masu rikitarwa da kuma ƙara farashi.

Lokacin Amsawa : Ana buƙatar isasshen lokacin amsawa don tabbatar da cikakken iskar shaka ta cyanide gwargwadon iko. Rashin isasshen lokacin amsawa zai haifar da ragowar cyanide a cikin wutsiyoyin da aka yi wa magani.

Tsarin Cyanide na Farko : Mafi girman yawan cyanide na farko a cikin wutsiyoyin, haka nan yake da wahalar cimma cikakken magani, kuma ana iya buƙatar ƙarin hydrogen peroxide da tsawon lokacin amsawa.

Amfanin Maganin Hydrogen Peroxide

Ingantaccen Ingancin Iskar Oxidation : Hydrogen peroxide na iya lalata nau'ikan cyanide daban-daban yadda ya kamata, gami da cyanide kyauta da wasu hadaddun cyanide na ƙarfe, wanda hakan ke rage yawan gubar wutsiyoyin cyanide.

Tsarin da Yake da Sauƙi : Idan aka kwatanta da wasu hanyoyin maganin cyanide (kamar hazo mai rikitarwa ko hanyoyin maganin halittu), tsarin maganin hydrogen peroxide yana da sauƙin fahimta kuma yana da sauƙin aiki.

Ƙarancin Haɗarin Gurɓata Na Biyu : Kayayyakin da ke cikin amsawar iskar oxygen na hydrogen peroxide ba su da illa sosai. Ana iya ƙara rusa sinadarin cyanate na matsakaici zuwa abubuwa marasa guba, kuma hydrogen peroxide da kansa yana ruɓewa zuwa ruwa da iskar oxygen, wanda hakan ke rage haɗarin gurɓata na biyu.

Amfani Mai Yawa : Wannan hanyar ta shafi ƙananan ayyukan haƙar ma'adinai da manyan masana'antu, wanda hakan ya sa ta zama zaɓi mai amfani don magance wutsiyoyin cyanide.

Case Nazarin

Kamfanin Haƙar Zinare : Wani kamfanin haƙar zinare da ke [wani wuri] yana da adadi mai yawa na wuƙar cyanide tare da babban yawan cyanide. Sun ɗauki hanyar maganin hydrogen peroxide. Ta hanyar inganta sigogin tsari, gami da daidaita pH zuwa 10.5. ƙara jan ƙarfe sulfate a cikin yawan 50 mg/L a matsayin mai kara kuzari, ta amfani da rabon hydrogen peroxide zuwa cyanide molar na 5:1. da kuma gudanar da amsawar awa 1.5, sun yi nasarar rage yawan cyanide a cikin wuƙar zuwa matakan da suka fi ƙasa da ƙa'idodin ƙa'ida. An adana wuƙar da aka yi wa magani lafiya a cikin tafkin wuƙar, kuma an sake amfani da tacewa a cikin tsarin haƙar, wanda ya rage yawan amfani da ruwa.

Aikin Haƙar Ma'adinai Mai Ƙarami : Aikin haƙar ma'adinai mai ƙaramin sikelin zinariya a wani yanki mai nisa shi ma ya fuskanci matsalar cyanide - mai ɗauke da wutsiya. Saboda ƙarancin albarkatu, idan aka yi la'akari da sauƙin aikinsa, sun zaɓi hanyar maganin hydrogen peroxide a hankali. Ta hanyar sarrafa adadin hydrogen peroxide da aka ƙara bisa ga ƙididdigar yawan cyanide a cikin wutsiya, daidaita pH tare da lemun tsami da ake samu a gida, da kuma amfani da mai sauƙaƙan injina don haɗawa, sun yi nasarar rage gubar cyanide na wutsiya. Kodayake sikelin maganin ƙarami ne, ya isa ya cika buƙatun muhalli na gida don zubar da wutsiya, yana kare muhallin da ke kewaye daga yuwuwar gurɓatar cyanide.

Tsanani

Amintaccen Amfani da Hydrogen Peroxide : Hydrogen peroxide wani sinadari ne mai ƙarfi na oxidizing kuma yana iya zama haɗari sosai idan ba a yi amfani da shi yadda ya kamata ba. Ma'aikatan da ke cikin aikin jiyya ya kamata su sanya kayan kariya na sirri da suka dace, kamar safar hannu, gilashin ido, da tufafin kariya. Ajiye hydrogen peroxide ya kamata ya bi ƙa'idodin tsaro don hana ruɓewa ko hulɗa da abubuwa masu ƙonewa.

Kulawa Mai Inganci : Ci gaba da sa ido kan tsarin amsawar yana da mahimmanci. Wannan ya haɗa da sa ido kan ƙimar pH na slurry yayin amsawar, yawan sinadarin hydrogen peroxide da cyanide, da kuma zafin amsawar. Ya kamata a gudanar da samfura da bincike akai-akai don tabbatar da cewa tsarin magani ya ci gaba kamar yadda ake tsammani da kuma yin gyare-gyare a kan lokaci idan ya cancanta.

Zubar da Wuya Masu Maganin Wuya : Ko bayan an yi magani, ya kamata a adana wuya masu ƙarfi a cikin wani tafki na yau da kullun wanda ya dace da ƙa'idodin muhalli. Ya kamata tafkin wuya ya kasance yana da tsari mai kyau don hana zubar da abubuwa masu cutarwa a cikin ƙasa da ruwan ƙasa.

Kimanta Tasirin Muhalli : Kafin a aiwatar da hanyar maganin hydrogen peroxide, ya kamata a gudanar da cikakken kimanta tasirin muhalli don tantance tasirinsa ga iska, ruwa, da ingancin ƙasa, da kuma yanayin muhalli da ke kewaye. Wannan kimantawa tana taimakawa wajen inganta tsarin magani da kuma tabbatar da bin ƙa'idodin muhalli.

A ƙarshe, hanyar maganin hydrogen peroxide yana ba da mafita mai mahimmanci kuma mai tasiri don maganin wutsiyar cyanide. Ta hanyar fahimtar ka'idarsa, bin matakan da suka dace na jiyya, yin la'akari da abubuwan da ke tasiri, da kuma daukar matakan da suka dace, wannan hanya za ta iya rage haɗarin muhalli da ke haifar da wutsiyar cyanide, da ba da gudummawa ga ci gaba mai dorewa na masana'antar hakar ma'adinai da kare muhalli.