Iyo Huru nzira yeAgitation Cyanidation Leaching muMigodhi yeGoridhe

ziviso

Kubvisa goridhe kubva mukugadzira zvinhu zvemaminerari (cyanidation leaching), iyo yave ichishandiswa mukugadzira zvinhu zvemaindasitiri kubvira muna 1887, inzira yekubvisa goridhe kubva muzvicherwa inoshandisa nzira dzekubvisa goridhe kubva mugoridhe nesirivha. Kubvisa goridhe kubva muzvinhu zvemaminerari zvine agisi ndeimwe yenzira dzakakosha dzekubvisa goridhe kubva mukugadzira zvinhu zvemaminerari, uye inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muindasitiri yekuchera goridhe.

Nheyo yeAgitation Cyanidation Leaching

Cyanide, yakaita seSodium Cyanide (NaCN), chinhu chakakosha mukuita kwecyanidation. Sodium cyanide ikristaro isina ruvara uye yakajeka, inowanzova yero-grey nekuda kwetsvina. Inonyungudika zvakanyanya mumvura, uye inonyungudika mumvura inopfuura 20%. Kana pH yemvura yayo yaiswa acid kusvika pH = 7, cyanide inoora zvachose kuita gasi rehydrogen cyanide rinoputika, iro riri gasi risina ruvara uye rine chepfu yakawanda. Mumhinduro, hydrogen cyanide iacid isina simba, yakaoma kuioniza, uye haina leaching effect pagoridhe nesirivha. Kana pH iri 12, cyanide iri mumushonga inoparadzana zvachose kuita maion ecyanide. Nokudaro, kushanda kwecyanidation kunofanirwa kuitwa munzvimbo ine alkaline.

Kazhinji, pamberi peokisijeni, iyo cyanidation leaching yegoridhe ndeye electrochemical corrosion process. Cyanide inopindirana negoridhe munzvimbo ine alkaline nekutora chikamu kweokisijeni, ichiita inonyungudika nemvura yegoridhe cyanide complexes, zvichigonesa kunyungudika kwegoridhe kubva mumatombo.

Maitiro eAgitation Cyanidation Leaching

1. Gadziriro yeLeaching Raw Materials

• Kupwanya : Matombo egoridhe asina kucherwa anotanga aiswa muchina wekupwanya kuti apwanye. Maitiro ekupwanya akakamurwa kuita kupwanya kwakakora, kupwanya kwepakati, uye kupwanya kwakakora. Zvikweshe zvejaw uye zvinopwanya makoni zvinowanzo shandiswa pakupwanya kwakakora uye kwepakati, kunyanya kupwanya zvidimbu zvikuru zvematombo kuita zvidimbu zvidiki, kazhinji nehukuru hwezvidimbu huchidzorwa nemasendimita mashoma. Zvikweshe zvehammer zvinonyanya kushandiswa pakupwanya kwakakora.

• Kukuya : Matombo akapwanywa anopinda mugomba rebhora kuti awedzere kukuya kusvika pahukuru hwakakodzera hwezvinhu. Kazhinji, zvinodiwa kuti hukuru hwezvinhu zvedombo husvike -200 mesh inokwana 60% - 90%, kuitira kuti zvicherwa zvegoridhe zviparadzaniswe zvizere. Kazhinji, zvigayo zvebhora zvemhando yelattice zvinoshandiswa pakukuya zvakanyanya, uye zvigayo zvebhora zvemhando yeoverflow zvinoshandiswa pakukuya zvakanaka.

• Kugadzirira Kusviba : Pulp yevhu inopinda mutangi rinokurunga. Mvura yakakwana inowedzerwa kuti igadzirise huwandu hwepulp yevhu, inowanzo dzorwa pa30% - 50%. Panguva imwe chete, zvigadziri zvakaita se lime zvinowedzerwa kuti zvigadzirise pH yepulp yevhu kusvika pa10 - 11. Izvi zvinogadzira alkaline environment inobatsira kuti cyanidation leaching uye kudzivirira kunyungudika kwemamwe tsvina.

2. Agitation Cyanidation Leaching

• Kuwedzera kweReagent Inobuda : Zvinhu zvakaita sesodium cyanide (NaCN) kana potassium cyanide (KCN) zvinowedzerwa mu pulp yesimbi yakagadziriswa. Kana zvanyatso kurungwa, cyanide inosangana negoridhe nemakemikari kuti igadzire complexes dzegoridhe dzinonyungudika mumvura.

• Midziyo Yekubvisa Mvura : Maitiro ekuburitsa mvura anowanzoitwa mumatangi akawanda ekubvisa mvura akabatana netambo dzakasiyana-siyana. Matangi ekubvisa mvura anogona kukamurwa kuita mhando nhatu zvichienderana nenzira dzakasiyana dzekusanganisa: matangi ekubvisa mvura akaomeswa, matangi ekubvisa mvura akagadzirwa nesimbi, kana matangi ekubvisa mvura akabatanidzwa nesimbi.

• Mamiriro Ekubvisa Mvura : Kuwanda kweSodium cyanide muore pulp kunowanzova 0.02% - 0.1%. Lime inowedzerwa panguva yekushanda kuti ore pulp iite pH = 9 - 12. Mhepo inozadzwa kuti irambe iine chiyero chakanakisa pakati peoxygen yakanyungudutswa nehuwandu hwesodium cyanide muore pulp. Nguva yekubviswa kwemvura inowanzova maawa makumi maviri nemana kusvika makumi mana nemasere kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti goridhe rakanyungudutswa zvizere.

3. Solid-Liquid Separation uye Washing

• Kupatsanurwa Kwemvura Yakaoma : Mushure mekubviswa kwemvura, pulp yesimbi inopatsanurwa nemvura yakasimba kuburikidza nemidziyo yakaita sezvipini uye mafirita kuti iwane mhinduro ine goridhe uye yakasara. Zvipini zvinoshandisa musimboti wegravitational sedimentation kuita kuti zvidimbu zvakasimba zviri mu pulp yesimbi zvigare pasi, uye supernatant ndiyo mhinduro ine goridhe. Mafirita anowedzera kusefa pasi pe thickener kuti avandudze simba rekupatsanurwa kwemvura yakasimba.

• Kusuka : Kuti pave nekupatsanurwa kwakakwana pakati pecyanide leachate ne leach residue, nzira yekugeza ine matanho matatu kusvika mashanu ekukora, kusefa, kana musanganiswa wezviviri izvi inowanzo shandiswa. Iyi inzira yakakosha yekubvisa cyanidation leaching. Nzira inowanzoshandiswa ndeye continuous countercurrent decantation method (CCD method). Zvidimbu zvinoshandiswa munzira iyi zvinogona kukamurwa kuita mhando dze single-layer uye multi-layer. Zvidimbu zvakawanda zvecyanidation muChina zvinoshandisa 2 - 3-layer thickeners pakuparadzanisa solid-liquid uye continuous countercurrent washing.

4. Goridhe Recovery

• Nzira yekubvisa Zinc Powder : Zinc powder inowedzerwa mumushonga une goridhe. Zinc inosangana negold cyanide complex nenzira yekuchinja, zvichiita kuti goridhe riite goridhe resimbi uye riite kuti rinyungudike. Mushure mekusefa, dhaka regoridhe rinotorwa, uye dhaka regoridhe rinonyungudutswa kuburikidza nemaitiro akadai sekunyunguduka kuti goridhe riwane goridhe risina kucheneswa.

• Nzira yeActivated Carbon Adsorption : Kabhoni inoshandiswa inowedzerwa mumushonga une gold-bearing pregnant, uye gold cyanide complex inonyungudutswa nekabhoni inoshandiswa. Zvadaro, goridhe rinotorwa kubva muactivated carbon kuburikidza nemaitiro akadai se desorption uye electrowinning. Nzira iyi inogona kupatsanurwa zvakare mu carbon-in-pulp method (CIP) uye carbon-in-leach method (CIL).

• Maitiro eCIP : Kutanga, kuchekwa kwecyanidation kunoitwa, uye kabhoni inoshandiswa inowedzerwa mu pulp yematombo kuti inyudze goridhe. Mumaitiro eCIP, kuchekwa uye kunyudzwa zvinhu zviviri zvakazvimiririra. Mukushanda kwe kunyudzwa, maitiro e kunyudzwa anenge apera, uye saizi, huwandu, uye mamiriro ekushanda kwematangi ekunyudzwa zvinotsanangurwa nematanho ekunyudzwa.

• Maitiro eCIL : Kabhoni yakakamurwa inowedzerwa mutangi rekudonhedza mvura, uye kudonhedza mvura nekunyungudutsa kunoitwa panguva imwe chete, kureva kuti, kudonhedza mvura nekunyungudutsa kunoitika panguva imwe chete. Mukuita kweCIL, kudonhedza mvura nekunyungudutsa kunoitwa panguva imwe chete. Kazhinji, kudonhedza mvura kunoda nguva yakareba kupfuura kudonhedza mvura. Nokudaro, saizi, mhepo, uye dosing yetangi zvinosarudzwa nematanho ekudonhedza mvura. Sezvo mwero wekudonhedza mvura uri basa rehuwandu hwegoridhe rakanyunguduka mumushonga, kuitira kuwedzera huwandu hwegoridhe rakanyunguduka mutangi rekudonhedza mvura riri pamberi uye panguva imwe chete kuwedzera nguva yekudonhedza mvura, matanho 1 - 2 ekutanga kudonhedza mvura anowanzo wedzerwa usati wadonhedza mvura nekunyungudutsa mvura.

5. Tailings Kurapa

Matope emusana mushure meGold Recovery anowanzova nehuwandu hwakati wandei hwecyanide yasara nedzimwe tsvina. Pakuchengetedza nharaunda, matope emusana anofanira kurapwa nemazvo. Nzira dzakajairika dzekurapa dzinosanganisira nzira dzemakemikari dzinoita kuti pave neoxidation (senge nzira ye salfa dioxide - air), kuora kwechisikigo, kana nzira dzekuora kwebiogradation kuderedza huwandu hwecyanide yasara kusvika pasi pemutemo wenyika uye kudzivirira kusvibiswa kwenharaunda. Matope emusana anogona kuraswa nekurongedza kana dzimwe nzira dzakakodzera.

mhedziso

Kubvisa goridhe kubva mumatombo egoridhe nenzira yeAgitation Cyanidation inzira yakakosha mukubvisa goridhe kubva mumatombo egoridhe. Kuburikidza nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzakadai sekugadzira zvinhu zvisina kugadzirwa, kubvisa goridhe kubva mumatombo, kupatsanurwa kwemvura, kudzorerwa kwegoridhe kubva mumatombo, uye kurapwa kwetsvina, goridhe rinogona kubviswa kubva mumatombo egoridhe zvinobudirira. Zvisinei, nekuda kwehuturu hwecyanide, mukushandisa Agitation Cyanidation Leaching , kutarisisa kwakasimba kunofanirwa kupihwa pakugadzira goridhe rakachengeteka uye kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza kuitira kuti indasitiri yekuchera goridhe irambe ichibudirira.