Nheyo Dzakakosha dzeGoridhe Cyanidation Leaching

Kucheneswa kwegoridhe, nzira inokosha ye hydrometallurgical, kwave kuri musimboti wekucherwa kwegoridhe kwemakore anopfuura zana kubva pakatanga kutengeswa kwayo kuma1890. Chinyorwa chino chinotarisa nzira huru dzemakemikari nemuviri dzinotsigira kucheneswa kwegoridhe kubva mu goridhe, zvichipa kunzwisisa kwakazara kweiyi nzira inokosha muindasitiri yekuchera goridhe.

Chemical Reactions: Mwoyo weCyanidation

Maitiro ekugadzira cyanidation anoenderana nekuita kwegoridhe kwakasiyana kana paine maion ecyanide (CN⁻) uye oxidant, kazhinji okisijeni kubva mumhepo. Maitiro ekutanga emakemikari anogona kupfupikiswa seizvi: Mamoles mana egoridhe (Au), achibatana nemamoles masere eSodium Cyanide (NaCN), mole imwe yeokisijeni (O₂) kubva mumhepo, uye mamoles maviri emvura (H₂O), anogadzira mamoles mana esodium dicyanoaurate(I) (Na[Au(CN)₂]) uye mamoles mana esodium hydroxide (NaOH).

Mukuita uku, maatomu egoridhe anosanganiswa kusvika pa +1 oxidation state uye anoumba stable dicyanoaurate(I) complexes \([Au(CN)_2]^- \). Maion eCyanide anoshanda se complexing agents, achisimbisa maion egoridhe mumushonga, nepo oxygen inoshanda se electron acceptor, ichitungamira oxidation yegoridhe. Iyi redox - complexation mechanism inobvumira kunyungudika kwegoridhe kubva mumatombo ayo, kunyangwe paine cyanide concentrations shoma (0.01 - 0.1%).

Maitiro Emuviri: Kuendesa Misa uye Leaching Kinetics

Kunze kwemakemikari, kushanda zvakanaka kwegold cyanidation kunodzorwa nemaitiro epanyama akadai sekutamiswa kwehuwandu uye kupararira. Mwero wekubuda kwegold unokonzerwa nekupararira kwereactants (cyanide neokisijeni) pamusoro pegold uye kupararira kwe dicyanoaurate complexes dzakagadzirwa kure nepamusoro. Zvichienderana ne shrinking - core model, kubuda kwegold kunoitika mumatanho matatu akatevedzana:

1. Kutamiswa kwekunze kwemasero : Cyanide neokisijeni zvinopararira kuburikidza nechikamu chemuganhu chakakomberedza chidimbu chegoridhe.

2. Kuita pamusoro : Kusanganiswa kweokisijeni uye kuomarara kunoitika panzvimbo ine gold-solution interface.

3. Kupararira kwemukati : Macomplex egoridhe-cyanide akaumbwa anopararira kubva muchikamu. Chinonyanya kunonoka pane izvi ndicho chinoona mwero wekubuda kwechinhu, kazhinji kacho chiri kufambiswa kwehuwandu hwekunze kana kuti kuita kwenzvimbo, zvichienderana nemamiriro ekushanda.

Zvikonzero Zvikonzero paCyanidation Kubudirira

Zvinhu zvakati wandei zvakakosha zvinokanganisa zvakanyanya kuita kwegoridhe cyanidation:

• Kuwanda kweCyanide : Cyanide yakakwana inodiwa kuti pave nemacomplexes akagadzikana, asi kuwanda kwazvo kunogona kukonzera kuwedzera kwemitengo uye kunetseka nezvezvakatipoteredza. Kuwanda kwakakwana kunosiyana zvichienderana nehunhu hweore.

• Kuwanikwa kweOkisijeni : Kuwanikwa kweokisijeni yakakwana kwakakosha pakuita kuti okisijeni ishande. Nzira dzekufambisa mhepo, dzakadai sekufambiswa kwemhepo kana kupatsanura mhepo, dzinoshandiswa kuwedzera kutamiswa kweokisijeni.

• Kudzora pH : Maitiro aya anowanzoitwa pa pH yakakwira (9 - 11) kudzvinyirira kuumbwa kwegasi rine chepfu rehydrogen cyanide (HCN). Lime inowanzo shandiswa kuchengetedza pH yaunoda.

• Mineralogy yeMatombo : Kuvapo kwesulfides, zvinhu zveCarbon aceous, nezvimwe zvicherwa zvinogona kukanganisa cyanidation. Semuenzaniso, sulfides inogona kudya cyanide neokisijeni, nepo zvinhu zvecarbonaceous zvichigona kunwisa gold-cyanide complexes, zvichikonzera "kubatwa nemimba."

Nzira dzekusimudzira Cyanidation Performance

Kunatsiridza kuburitsa goridhe, nzira dzakasiyana dzekusimudzira dzinoshandiswa:

• Kugadzirira kurapwa : Kugocha, kuomesa simbi, kana kuomesa simbi zvinogona kuiswa pamatombo anodzivirira kusvibiswa kwesimbi kubvisa zvicherwa zvinokanganisa uye kuisa pamusoro pegoridhe pachena.

• Zvinowedzerwa : Mishonga yakaita sethiourea kana ammonia inogona kuwedzerwa kuti ivandudze mwero wekunyungudika kana kudzvinyirira mhedzisiro yemigumisiro.

• Dhizaini Yemidziyo Yakagadziridzwa : Ma reactor epamusoro ekuburitsa mvura ane kugona kwakavandudzwa kwekusanganisa uye kutamisa huwandu hwemvura, akadai semaactor ematangi akavhundutswa kana masisitimu ekuburitsa mvura yakawanda, anogona kuwedzera mashandiro ese ebasa.

Mukupedzisa, goridhe cyanidation leaching inzira yakaoma asi inoshanda zvakanyanya iyo inosanganisa kuita kwemakemikari, kutamisa hukuru hwemuviri, uye nekungwarira kutonga kweakawanda ekushanda paramita. Kunzwisisa misimboti iyi yakakosha kwakakosha pakugadzirisa nzira dzekuchera goridhe, kuve nechokwadi chekubudirira kwehupfumi, uye kuderedza kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza muindasitiri yemigodhi yegoridhe. Sezvo kudiwa kwegoridhe kuri kuenderera mberi, tsvakiridzo inoenderera inotarisa mukugadzira nzira dzakasimba, dzakasimba, uye dzine hushamwari hwecyanidation.