Liquid Sodium Cyanide: Chemical Properties uye Diverse Application

ziviso

Sodium cyanide (NaCN), chinhu chinozivikanwa nekushanda kwayo nesimba uye chepfu yakanyanya, chiripo mumhando dzakasimba uye dzemvura. Liquid Sodium Cyanide , inowanzova mhinduro yemvura, ine hunhu hwemakemikari hwakasiyana hunoita kuti ive yakakosha mukushandiswa kwakasiyana-siyana kwemaindasitiri nesainzi. Chinyorwa ichi cheblog chinotarisa hunhu hwemakemikari eLiquid sodium cyanide uye chinoongorora nzvimbo dzayo dzakasiyana-siyana dzekushandiswa, ukuwo chichisimbisawo kukosha kwenzira dzekudzivirira nekuda kwehunhu hwayo hune njodzi.

Chemical Zvivakwa

1. Reactivity

Sodium cyanide yemvura inoshanduka-shanduka zvakanyanya nekuda kweiyoni yecyanide iri mairi. Kana iri mumvura, inopwanyika kuita maiyoni esodium uye maiyoni ecyanide. Iyoyoni yecyanide inyucleophile yakasimba, zvinoreva kuti inotsvaga uye inoshanduka nezvikamu zvemamwe macompounds eorganic neinorganic asina maelectron. Semuenzaniso, muOrganic synthesis , inogona kuita ma "nucleophilic substitution reactions". Munguva yeaya ma "reactions", iyoyini yecyanide inotsiva boka rakati mukati me organic halide molecule, zvichikonzera kuumbwa kwechisungo chitsva pakati pekabhoni nenitrogen. Iyi reaction inokosha kune akawanda mashandisirwo ayo mukugadzira mamorekuru akaomarara eorganic.

2. Solubility

Sodium cyanide inonyungudika zvakanaka mumvura, ichigadzira mhinduro dzakajeka, dzisina ruvara. Kunyungudika kwayo kwakanyanya kunokonzerwa nechimiro chayo cheionic chakasimba. Maion esodium ane positive charge anokwezvwa nemaatomu eokisijeni ane negative charge ari mumamorekuru emvura, nepo maion ecyanide ane negative charge achibatana nemaatomu ehydrogen ane positive charge emvura. Kudyidzana uku kwakasimba pakati pemaion eSodium cyanide nemamorekuru emvura kunoita kuti pave nekunyungudika kukuru, zvichibvumira kugadzirwa kwemhinduro dzesodium cyanide dzakasimba.

3. pH uye Basicity

Aqueous solutions ye sodium cyanide ine basic properties. Iyo cyanide ion ndiyo conjugate base yehydrocyanic acid, isina kusimba asidhi. Kana cyanide ions iri mumvura, inopinda maitiro anonzi hydrolysis. Munguva yehydrolysis, iyo cyanide ions inopindirana nemamorekuru emvura, ichigadzira hydrocyanic acid uye hydroxide ions. Kuburitswa kweiyi hydroxide ion kunowedzera pH yemhinduro. Kazhinji, liquid sodium cyanide solutions ine pH iri pakati pe11 - 13. zvichiratidza kuti ine alkaline yakawanda.

4. Muchetura

Imwe yeanonyanya kukosha maitiro emvura sodium cyanide ndeye yakanyanyisa chepfu. Iyo cyanide ion inosunga zvisingadzoreki kune iron (III) ion iripo mucytochrome oxidase, enzyme yakakosha kune mitochondrial electron transport cheni. Kusunga uku kunomisa enzyme kubva pakugamuchira maerekitironi, zvichinyatso kumisa kufema kwemasero. Pasina kufema kweserura, masero haagone kugadzira adenosine triphosphate (ATP), iyo sosi yesimba remasero. Somugumisiro, masero anofa nokukurumidza. Kufema, kupinza, kana kubata ganda rine mvura sodium cyanide kunogona kuuraya vanhu nezvimwe zvipenyu.

Mazano Okushanda

1. Goridhe neSilver Mining

Iyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa kushandiswa kwemvura sodium cyanide iri muindasitiri yezvicherwa, kunyanya yekuchera goridhe nesirivha. Maitiro, anonzi cyanidation, anosanganisira kushandisa dilute sodium cyanide mhinduro kunyungudutsa goridhe nesirivha kubva mumatombo avo. Muhupo hweokisijeni nemvura, sodium cyanide inopindirana negoridhe nesirivha, ichigadzira mishonga inogona kunyungudika mumhinduro. Aya makomisheni anonyungudika anogona kubva apatsanurwa kubva kune yakasara yesimbi. Mushure mekuparadzana, mamwe maitiro sekunaya ane zinc kana electrolysis anoshandiswa kudzoreredza simbi dzinokosha. Cyanidation inzira inodhura - inoshanda uye inoshanda yekubvisa goridhe nesirivheri kubva kune yakaderera-giredhi ores, zvichiita kuti ive yakakosha muitiro mukuchera kwemazuva ano.

2. Organic Synthesis

Mune organic chemistry, liquid sodium cyanide inoshandiswa zvakanyanya se reagent mune akasiyana masisitimu maitiro. Kutenda kune yakasimba nucleophilic hunhu, inogona kutora chikamu mune nucleophilic substitution reactions. Semuenzaniso, mukugadzirwa kwe nitriles, alkyl halide inogona kuita ne sodium cyanide mu organic solvent se dimethylformamide. Kuita uku kunoguma nekuumbwa kwekomboni ye nitrile. Nitriles akakosha epakati makomisheni anoshandiswa mukugadzirwa kwemishonga, agrochemicals, uye mamwe makemikari akanaka. Pamusoro pezvo, sodium cyanide inogona kushandiswa muStrecker amino acid synthesis. Muchiitiko ichi, inopindirana nealdehyde kana ketone muhupo hweammonia kuumba musanganiswa unonzi α-amino nitrile, iyo inogona kushandiswa zvakare kugadzira amino acid.

3. Electroplating

Mvura inonzi sodium cyanide inoshandiswa mu Electroplating processes, kunyanya pa electroplating metals dzakadai segoridhe, sirivha, mhangura, uye zinc. Mabhati e electroplating akavakirwa paCyanide ane mabhenefiti akati wandei. Anopa simba rakanaka rekukanda, zvinoreva kuti anogona kuisa coating yakafanana pazvinhu zvine maumbirwo akaomarara. Anogumawo nesimbi yakajeka uye yakatsetseka uye anovimbisa kunamira kwakanaka kweplate layer kune zvinhu zviri pasi. Mu electroplating solution, ma cyanide ions anogadzira compounds dzakagadzikana nema ions esimbi ari kuputirwa. Munguva ye electroplating process, ma compounds aya anoderedzwa pa cathode, achiisa plate layer yakatetepa, yakaenzana yesimbi pane chinhu chiri kuputirwa.

4. Metal Kurapa uye Kuchenesa

Muindasitiri yesimbi, mvura sodium cyanide inoshandiswa kurapa nekuchenesa simbi. Inogona kunyatso bvisa pamusoro oxides uye zvimwe tsvina kubva simbi. Iko reactivity ye cyanide ion inobvumira kuti iite nesimbi oxides, ichishandura kuva makomisheni anogona kunyungudika mumhinduro. Mishonga inonyungudika iyi inogona kubva yasukwa. Uyezve, sodium cyanide inogona kushandiswa panguva yekupisa - kurapwa kwesimbi kusimudzira zvimiro zvadzo zvepamusoro, sekuwedzera kuoma kwavo uye kuramba kupfeka.

Kufunga Zvekuchengetedza

Tichifunga nezve huturu hwakanyanya hwemvura sodium cyanide, matanho akasimba ekuchengetedza anofanirwa kuteedzerwa pakubata, kuichengeta uye nekuishandisa. Vashandi vari mumaindasitiri anoshandisa sodium cyanide vanofanira kuwana kudzidziswa kwakazara pamusoro pemaitiro ekuchengetedza akakodzera. Izvi zvinosanganisira kudzidza mashandisiro emidziyo yekuzvidzivirira (PPE) senge magurovhosi, magirovhosi, uye zvekufema nemazvo. Nzvimbo dzekuchengetera sodium cyanide dzinofanirwa kugadzirwa kudzivirira kudonha uye kuve nechokwadi chekufefetedza kwakaringana kudzivirira kuunganidzwa kwecyanide - ine mhute. Kana pakaitika kurashikirwa, nzira dzakakodzera dzekupindura kwechimbichimbi, dzakadai sekudzikisa sodium cyanide ine oxidizing agent senge sodium hypochlorite, dzinofanirwa kuitwa nekukasira kudzivirira kusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza uye kuchengetedza hutano hwevanhu.

mhedziso

Liquid sodium cyanide, ine yakasarudzika makemikari zvimiro, inoita basa rakakosha mumaindasitiri akawanda. Kubva pakutorwa kwesimbi dzakakosha mumigodhi kusvika pakuumbwa kwemamorekuru akaomarara uye simbi pamusoro pekurapa, mashandisirwo ayo akasiyana uye anosvika kure. Nekudaro, huturu hwayo hwepamusoro hunoda kungwarira kwakanyanya uye kuomerera kwakasimba kumaprotocol ekuchengetedza. Sezvo maindasitiri ari kuramba achishanduka, kushandiswa zvine hungwaru kwemvura sodium cyanide kucharamba kwakakosha kune zvese kusimudzira hupfumi uye kwezvakatipoteredza uye kuchengetedzwa kwevanhu.