Cyanidation Maitiro muGoridhe Ore Processing

ziviso

The cyanidation nzira in kugadzirwa kwegoridhe ine basa rakakosha uye rinenge risingadzoreki muindasitiri yekuchera goridhe pasi rose. Ndarama, ine kukosha kwayo kwenguva refu sesimbi inokosha, yave ichitsvakwa nevanhu kwezviuru zvemakore. Kubva pakuva chiratidzo chehupfumi nesimba mumagariro ekare kusvika pakushandiswa kwemazuva ano muzvishongo, zvemagetsi, nekudyara, kudiwa kwegoridhe kunoramba kuri pamusoro.

Iyo cyanidation process yanga iri ibwe repakona rekutorwa kwegoridhe kweanopfuura zana. Kukosha kwayo kuri mukukwanisa kwayo kuburitsa goridhe zvine mutsindo kubva mumhando dzakasiyana siyana dzeore. Pasati pave nekugadzirwa kweiyo cyanidation nzira, nzira dzekuchera goridhe dzaiwanzoshanda - dzakasimba, dzisingashande, uye zvakanyanya kukuvadza nharaunda. Somuenzaniso, kubatanidza, nzira yekare yokuchera ndarama, yaibatanidza kushandiswa kwemekiyuri kusunga nezvidimbu zvendarama. Zvisinei, nzira iyi yakanga ine zvipingamupinyi zvakakosha, kusanganisira kutyisa kwakanyanya kwemercury uye kuderera kwekupora kwemamwe marudzi e ore.

Kusiyana neizvi, chirongwa checyanidation chakashandura indasitiri yemigodhi yegoridhe. Nekushandisa cyanide mhinduro, inogona kunyungudutsa zvimedu zvegoridhe, kunyangwe izvo zvinonyatsoparadzirwa mukati mesimbi, zvine mwero wakanyanya wekuita. Izvi zvinoita kuti makambani emigodhi atore goridhe kubva mumatombo ayo aimboonekwa seasina hupfumi kuti agadziriswe. Muchokwadi, chikamu chikuru chekugadzirwa kwegoridhe pasi rose nhasi, kunofungidzirwa kuva pamusoro pe80%, kutsamira pakuita cyanidation neimwe nzira. Ingave migodhi mihombe - yakavhurika - yegomba muSouth Africa, United States, kana migodhi yepasi pevhu muAustralia neChina, nzira yecyanidation ndiyo nzira yekuchera goridhe. Kupararira kwayo-kupararira kushandiswa chiratidzo chekubudirira kwayo uye kubudirira kwehupfumi munyika yakaoma uye inokwikwidza yekuchera goridhe.

Chii chinonzi Cyanidation Process

Iyo cyanidation process, pamusimboti wayo, ikemikari yekubvisa nzira iyo inobata pane yakasarudzika kemikari zvimiro zve cyanide ion. Mumamiriro ezvinhu ekugadzirwa kwegoridhe ore, iwo musimboti wayoCIPle yakatarisana nekuita kwakaomarara pakati pecyanide ions (CN^- ) negoridhe remahara.

Ndarama mumasikirwo inowanzovapo munzvimbo yakasununguka, kunyange kana yakavharidzirwa mukati memamwe maminerari. Kana iyo encapsulating zvicherwa zvavhurika, goridhe rinoratidzwa se elemental goridhe. Iyo cyanide ions ine hukama hwakasimba hwegoridhe. Kana simbi ine goridhe ikasangana necyanide - ine mhinduro, iyo cyanide ions inoumba yakagadzikana yakaoma ine maatomu egoridhe. Iyo kemikari reaction inogona kumiririrwa neinotevera equation:

4Au + 8NaCN+O_2 + 2H_2O = 4Na[Au(CN)_2]+4NaOH. Mukuita uku, pasi pekuita kweokisijeni, maatomu egoridhe anosanganiswa nemaioni ecyanide kuita goridhe rinonyungudika - cyanide complex, sodium dicyanoaurate (Na[Au(CN)_2]). Shanduko iyi inobvumira goridhe, iro pakutanga raive musimbi yakasimba, kunyungudika kuita mhinduro, ichipatsanura kubva kune zvimwe zvisiri zvegoridhe zvinoumba simbi.

Kunyatsotaura, iyo cyanidation process haiwire mukati meiyo yechinyakare chiyero chekugadzirisa zvicherwa asi inoiswa se hydrometallurgy. Kugadziriswa kwezvicherwa kunowanzo sanganisira nzira dzekuparadzanisa dzemuviri dzakadai sekupwanya, kugaya, kuyerera, uye kupatsanurwa kwegiravhiti kuparadzanisa zvicherwa zvakakosha kubva kune gangue zvicherwa. Mukupesana, hydrometallurgy inoshandisa kemikari kuita kuburitsa simbi kubva muore yavo mune aqueous solution. Iyo cyanidation process, nekuvimba kwayo nemakemikari kuita kunyungudutsa goridhe mucyanide - ine mhinduro, zviri pachena ndeyenzvimbo yehydrometallurgy. Iyi kupatsanurwa kwakakosha sezvo ichisiyanisa maitiro ecyanidation kubva kune mamwe emuviri - yakavakirwa ore - kugadzirisa matekiniki uye inosimbisa kemikari yayo - reaction - inotungamirwa hunhu mukutorwa kwegoridhe.

Mhando dzeCyanidation Maitiro: CIP uye CIL

Mukati menzvimbo yecyanidation maitiro ekubvisa goridhe, nzira mbiri huru dzinomira pachena: iyo Carbon - mu - Pulp (CIP) maitiro uye Carbon - mu - Leach (CIL) maitiro.

Iyo CIP maitiro inoratidzwa nekutevedzana kwekushanda. Kutanga, iyo goridhe - inotakura ore pulp inopinda padanho rekubvisa. Muchikamu chino, ore inosanganiswa necyanide - ine mhinduro. Pasi pemamiriro akakodzera ekuwanikwa kweokisijeni, pH, uye tembiricha, goridhe iri muore inoumba yakaoma inonyungudika ine cyanide ion, sekutsanangurwa kwazvinoitwa mubasic cyanidation reaction. Mushure mekuita leaching kwapera, activated kabhoni inounzwa mu pulp. Iyo activated carbon inobva yashambadza iyo goridhe - cyanide complex kubva mumhinduro. Iyi kupatsanurwa kweiyo leaching uye adsorption nhanho inobvumira imwe kudzora uye yakagadziridzwa maitiro mune dzimwe nguva. Semuyenzaniso, mumigodhi umo simbi ine chimiro chakadzikama uye mamiriro ekuchenesa achigona kuchengetedzwa nemazvo, maitiro eCIP anogona kuwana goridhe repamusoro rekudzorera.

Kune rumwe rutivi, maitiro eCIL anomiririra nzira yakabatanidzwa. Mukuita kweCIL, kuburitswa kwegoridhe kubva kune ore uye adsorption yegoridhe - cyanide yakaoma neyakagadzirwa kabhoni inoitika panguva imwe chete. Izvi zvinowanikwa nekuwedzera activated kabhoni zvakananga mumatangi ekuleaching. Kubatsira kweiyo CIL maitiro kuri mukushandisa kwayo kwakanyanya kwemidziyo nenguva. Sezvo iyo leaching uye adsorption zvakabatanidzwa, hapana chikonzero chekuwedzera michina kana nguva yekufambisa iyo pulp pakati peleaching uye adsorption nhanho. Izvi zvinoderedza huwandu hwese hwechigadzirwa chekugadzirisa uye zvinogona kutungamira mukuchengetwa kwemutengo maererano nekudyara kukuru uye mari yekushandisa. Semuyenzaniso, muhukuru-hukuru mashandiro emigodhi uko kupinza kuri chinhu chakakosha, maitiro eCIL anogona kubata vhoriyamu yakakura yeore munguva pfupi, ichiwedzera kugadzirwa kwakanaka.

Mumakore achangopfuura, maitiro eCIL ave achiwedzera kugamuchirwa nemiti yecyanidation pasi rese. Kugona kwayo kunyatsoshandisa michina yekugadzira inoipa muganho pamusoro peiyo CIP maitiro mumamiriro mazhinji. Kuenderera mberi kwemaitiro eCIL kunotungamirirawo kune imwe nzvimbo yakagadzikana, ine zvishoma zvakasiyana-siyana muhutano hwechigadzirwa chekupedzisira. Pamusoro pezvo, iyo yakaderedzwa nhamba yematanho ekuita muCIL zvinoreva kuti kune mikana mishoma yekukanganisa kana kurasikirwa panguva yekuendesa zvinhu pakati pematanho akasiyana ekuita. Nekudaro, sarudzo pakati peCIP neCIL haisi nguva dzose yakatwasuka. Zvinoenderana nezvakasiyana siyana zvakaita sechimiro chechicherwa, chiyero chekushanda kwemigodhi, mari iripo yekudyara, uye nharaunda nemamiriro ekunze uye mitemo. Mimwe migodhi inogona kuramba ichida maitiro eCIP nekuda kwekunzwisisa kwayo - kunzwisiswa uye kukamukana zvakanyanya, izvo zvinogona kuve nyore kubata mune mamwe mamiriro.

Zvinodikanwa Zvinokosha muCyanidation process

Kukuya Fineness

Kukuya fineness kunoita basa rakakosha mukushanda kwecyanidation. Sezvo kushanda kwecyanidation kuchitsamira pakukwanisa kufumura goridhe rakavharirwa, kukuya zvine hungwaru kwakakosha. Mune yakajairwa kabhoni - in - pulp (CIP) zvidyarwa, izvo zvinodikanwa zvekukuya kuti ore ipinde mukushanda kwecyanidation zvakaomarara. Kazhinji, chikamu chezvikamu zvine saizi ye -0.074mm inofanira kusvika 80 - 95%. Kune mimwe migodhi apo goridhe rinoparadzirwa mu 浸染 - sepateni, kukuya kwakatonyanya kudiwa, nechikamu che -0.037mm zvidimbu zvinodiwa kuti zvive pamusoro pe95%.

Kuti uwane kukuya kwakanaka kwakadaro, imwe - nhanho yekukuya kushanda kazhinji haina kukwana. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, maviri - nhanho kana kunyange matatu - nhanho yekukuya inodiwa. Semuyenzaniso, mumugodhi mukuru wegoridhe kuWestern Australia, ore inoitwa maviri-matanho ekukuya. Danho rekutanga rinoshandisa hombe - simba bhora chigayo kuderedza particle size kune imwe nhanho, uye ipapo chigadzirwa chinowedzera pasi mune yechipiri - nhanho yakasimudzwa. Iyi yakawanda-nhanho yekukuya inogona kuderedza zvishoma nezvishoma saizi yeore, kuve nechokwadi chekuti zvimedu zvegoridhe zvakafumurwa zvizere uye zvinogona kunyatsoita neiyo cyanide mhinduro panguva yekuita cyanidation. Kana hunyoro hwekukuya hukasasangana, zvimedu zvegoridhe zvinogona kusaburitswa pachena, zvichikonzera kunyungudika kusina kukwana panguva yecyanidation uye kudzikiswa kwakanyanya kweyero yekudzoreredza goridhe.

Kudzivirira Cyanide Hydrolysis

Mishonga ye cyanide inowanzoshandiswa mukuita cyanidation, yakadai se potassium cyanide (KCN), Sodium cyanide (NaCN), uye calcium cyanide (Ca (CN) _2 ), yose imunyu yezvigadziko zvakasimba uye isina simba acids. Mune mhinduro ine aqueous, ivo vanowanzoita hydrolysis maitiro. Iyo hydrolysis reaction ye Sodium Cyanide inogona kumiririrwa neiyo equation:

NaCN + H_2O\kurudyiftharpoons HCN+NaOH. Sezvo hydrogen cyanide (HCN) inoputika, iyi hydrolysis process inokonzera kuderera kwehuwandu hwe cyanide ions (CN ^-) mu pulp, izvo zvinokanganisa maitiro e cyanidation.

Kugadzirisa nyaya iyi, nzira inonyanya kushanda ndeyekuwedzera kuwedzera kwe hydroxide ions ( OH ^-), iyo yakaenzana nekuwedzera pH kukosha kwekugadzirisa. Mukushandiswa kwemaindasitiri, lime (CaO ) ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa uye inodhura - inoshanda pH inogadzirisa. Kana lime yakawedzerwa kune mhinduro, inopindirana nemvura kuti iite calcium hydroxide (Ca (OH) _2 ), iyo inoparadzanisa kusunungura hydroxide ions, nokudaro kuwedzera pH kukosha. Kuita kweraimu nemvura kunoti: , CaO + H_2O=Ca(OH)_2 & Ca(OH)_2\rightleftharpoons Ca^{2 + }+2OH^- .

Nekudaro, kana uchishandisa lime kugadzirisa iyo pH kukosha, zvakakosha kuziva kuti lime inewo flocculation effect. Kuti ave nechokwadi chokuti lime inoparadzirwa zvakaenzana uye inogona kutamba basa rayo zvinobudirira, inowanzowedzerwa panguva yekukuya. Mumugodhi wegoridhe kuSouth Africa, lime inowedzerwa pachigayo chebhora panguva yekukuya. Izvi hazvingobvumiri kuti lime rive rakasanganiswa zvizere neore slurry asi zvakare rinotora mukana weiyo yakasimba mechanical agitation muchigayo chebhora kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti lime inogovaniswa zvakaenzana muslurry, zvinobudirira kudzivirira hydrolysis ye cyanide uye kuchengetedza kugadzikana kwakagadzikana kweiyo cyanide ions mune inotevera cyanidation process. Kazhinji, kune kabhoni - in - pulp Operations, pH kukosha muhuwandu hwe10 - 11 inowanikwa ichipa mhedzisiro yakanaka.

Kudzora Pulp Concentration

Iko kusungirirwa kwepulp kune kukanganisa kwakadzama pakubata kwegoridhe necyanide pamwe nepakati pegoridhe - cyanide complex uye activated carbon. Kana iyo pulp concentration yakawandisa, zvimedu zvinonyanya kudonha pamusoro peiyo activated kabhoni, zvichikanganisa kushambadza kunoshanda kwegoridhe - cyanide complex neiyo activated kabhoni. Kune rimwe divi, kana iyo pulp concentration yakadzikira, zvimedu zvinogara zviri nyore, uye kuchengetedza yakakodzera pH kukosha uye cyanide concentration, yakawanda reagents inoda kuwedzerwa, izvo zvinowedzera mutengo wekugadzira.

Kuburikidza nemakore ekudzidzira kwekugadzira, zvakatemwa kuti kune kabhoni - mu - pulp goridhe kudhirowa process, pulp concentration ye40 - 45% uye cyanide concentration ye300 - 500 ppm inonyanya kukodzera. Semuyenzaniso, mune imwe goridhe-yekugadzira chirimwa muNevada, USA, kuchengetedza iyo pulp concentration mukati meiyi chiyero kwakaramba ichiwana yakakwirira goridhe mitengo. Nekudaro, tichifunga kuti yekupedzisira chigadzirwa kusanganiswa kweaviri - kusvika - matatu - danho rekukuya kazhinji iri pasi pe20%, isati yapinda mukuvhiya, pulp inoda kuomarara.

The thickening operation inowanzoitwa mu thickener. Nheyo yekukora ndeyekushandisa sedimentation kupatsanura zvimedu zvakaomarara kubva mumvura iri mupulp, zvichibva zvawedzera kuwanda kwe pulp. Mune yemazuva ano yegoridhe-yekugadzira chirimwa, yakakwirira-inoshanda thickeners inowanzoshandiswa. Aya makobvu akashongedzerwa neyepamberi flocculation uye sedimentation control masisitimu, ayo anogona kukurumidza uye zvinobudirira kuwedzera iyo pulp concentration kusvika padanho rinodiwa kune inotevera cyanidation leaching oparesheni, kuve nechokwadi kufambira mberi kwakanaka kweiyo cyanidation process uye yakakwirira-kunyatso kutorwa kwegoridhe.

Cyanidation Leaching Mechanism

Aeration uye Oxidant

Iyo cyanidation process ndeye aerobic process, uye izvi zvinogona kuratidzwa zvakajeka kuburikidza nemakemikari reaction equation. Mhedzisiro huru yekunyungudika kwegoridhe mukuita cyanidation ndeye 4Au + 8NaCN+O_2 + 2H_2O = 4Na[Au(CN)_2]+4NaOH . Kubva pane iyi equation, zviri pachena kuti oxygen (O_2) inoita basa rakakosha mukuita. Munguva yekugadzira maitiro, kuunza okisijeni kunogona kukurumidzira zvakanyanya chiyero cheleaching. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti oxygen inotora chikamu mune redox reaction, faCILkuita oxidation yegoridhe uye nekuzotevera kuumbwa kwayo nemaioni ecyanide. Semuenzaniso, mune dzakawanda goridhe - kugadzira zvidyarwa, mweya wakamanikidzwa unowanzo kuunzwa mucyanide - ine mhinduro. Iyo okisijeni mumhepo inopa inodiwa oxidizing nharaunda kuti maitiro aenderere mberi zvakanaka.

Pamusoro peaeration, iyo yakakodzera yekuwedzera yeoxidizing agents inogona zvakare kuwedzera iyo leaching maitiro. Hydrogen peroxide (H_2O_2) inowanzo shandiswa oxidizing mukuita cyanidation. Kana hydrogen peroxide yawedzerwa, inogona kupa mamwe marudzi eokisijeni anoshanda, anogona kusimudzira oxidation yegoridhe uye kunyungudika kwegoridhe - inotakura zvicherwa. Kuita kwehydrogen peroxide negoridhe pamberi pecyanide inogona kumiririrwa nekuenzanisa: 2Au+4NaCN+H_2O_2 = 2Na[Au(CN)_2]+2NaOH. Kuita uku kunoratidza kuti hydrogen peroxide inogona kutsiva rimwe basa reokisijeni mukuita kwecyanidation, uye mune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu, inogona kutungamira kukurumidza kukurumidza leaching.

Zvisinei, zvakakosha kuziva kuti kuwandisa kwehuwandu hweoxidizing agents kunogona kuva nemigumisiro yakaipa. Kana huwandu hweiyo oxidizing agent yakanyanya kukwira, inogona kukonzera oxidation ye cyanide ions. Semuenzaniso, hydrogen peroxide inogona kuita neiyo cyanide kuumba cyanate ions (CNO ^-). Maonero akaita seizvi: CN^-+H_2O_2 = CNO^-+H_2O . Kuumbwa kweiyo cyanide ions kunoderedza kuwanda kwe cyanide ions mumushonga, iyo inokosha pakugadzirisa negoridhe. Nekuda kweizvozvo, kukwenenzvera kwegoridhe kunogona kudzikiswa, uye maitiro ese ekugadzira anogona kukanganiswa. Naizvozvo, iyo dosage ye oxidizing agents inoda kunyatsodzorwa kuti ive nechokwadi chekuita kwakakwana kweiyo cyanidation process.

Reagent Dosage

Nechepfungwa, kuita kwakaoma pakati pegoridhe necyanide kune hukama hwe stoichiometric. Kubva kumakemikari equation 4Au + 8NaCN + O_2 + 2H_2O = 4Na[Au(CN)_2]+4NaOH, tinogona kuverenga kuti 1 mole yegoridhe (Au) inoda 2 moles ye cyanide ions (CN ^-) yekuoma. Panyaya yehuremu, ingangoita 1 giramu regoridhe rinoda anenge 0.5 magiramu ecyanide seiyo leaching reagent. Iyi kuverenga inopa chirevo chekutanga chehuwandu hwema reagents anodiwa mukuita cyanidation.

Zvakadaro, mukugadzirwa chaiko, mamiriro acho akanyanya kuoma nekuda kwekuvapo kwemamwe mamineral mugoridhe - inotakura ore. Zvicherwa zvakadai sesirivha (Ag), mhangura (Cu), lead (Pb), uye zinc (Zn) zvinogonawo kuita ne cyanide ions. Semuenzaniso, mhangura inogona kuumba mhangura yakasiyana-siyana - cyanide complexes. Kuita kwemhangura ine cyanide kunogona kuratidzwa seCu^{2 + }+4CN^-=[Cu(CN)_4]^{2 - } . Aya maitiro anokwikwidzana anodya yakakura huwandu hwecyanide, ichiwedzera iwo chaiwo dosi inodiwa.

Naizvozvo, mukushanda kunoshanda, kugadzwa kweiyo reagent dosage haigone kungobva pazviyero zvekuverenga. Pane kudaro, inofanirwa kugadziriswa maererano neyekupedzisira leaching rate. Kana iyo ore zvivakwa zvachinja, kuenderera mberi kwekutevera uye kugadzirisa kweiyo reagent dosage inodiwa. Kazhinji, zvinoonekwa sezvine musoro kuti cyanide dosage chaiyo ive 200 - 500 nguva yakakwirira kupfuura yakaverengerwa kukosha. Uhu hwakasiyana-siyana hwekutsauka hunokonzeresa kusiyanisa mukuumbwa kweore uye kusangana kwakaoma pakati pezvicherwa zvakasiyana. Nekunyatsotarisisa chiyero cheleaching uye kugadzirisa iyo reagent dosage zvinoenderana, iyo goridhe - yekubvisa maitiro inogona kuita zvirinani kushanda uye hupfumi.

Multi-nhanho Leaching uye Leaching Nguva

Kuve nechokwadi chekugadzikana kwekuenderera mberi kwekushanda uye kuchengetedza kugadzikana kwakagadzikana kweiyo cyanide ion mumhinduro, multi-stage leaching inowanzo shandiswa. Mune akawanda-nhanho leaching system, iyo ore pulp inoteedzana inopfuura nemuakawanda leaching matangi. Tangi rega rega rinobatsira mukuparara kunoramba kuripo kwegoridhe uye kuchengetedza kweiyo cyanide -ion concentration. Sezvo pulp inofamba kubva kune rimwe tangi kuenda kune rinotevera, iyo goridhe - cyanide complex inoumbwa zvishoma nezvishoma uye iyo yemahara cyanide ion inogadziriswa kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti maitiro anoenderera zvakanaka. Iyi nzira yakarongwa inobatsira kuchengetedza chero shanduko mumamiriro ekuita uye inopa nharaunda yakagadzikana yeiyo cyanidation maitiro. Semuyenzaniso, mune yakakura - goridhe - mugodhi kushanda muWestern Australia, nhanho-nhanho leaching system inoshandiswa. Danho rekutanga rinotanga maitiro ekucheka, uye nhanho dzinotevera dzinowedzera kuburitsa goridhe uye kuchengetedza iyo cyanide - ion chiyero, zvichikonzera yakakwirira uye yakagadzikana goridhe - leaching inoshanda.

Iyo leaching nguva chinhu chakakosha pakuona kuwanda kwetangi reLeaching. Nekudaro, hapana nzira yakapusa uye yepasirese yekuverenga iyo leaching nguva. Imwe neimwe kabhoni - in - pulp (CIP) kana kabhoni - in - leach (CIL) chirimwa chinofanira kuvimba nedata rekuyedza kuona nguva yakakodzera yeleaching. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti nguva yekuregedza inokanganiswa nezvakawanda zvinhu, zvinosanganisira mhando uye kuumbwa kweore, kusungirirwa kwemareagents, tembiricha, uye kusimba kwekushushikana. Semuyenzaniso, muchirimwa chekugadzira goridhe muSouth Africa, murabhoritari wakakura - chiyero uye chiyero chekuedza - bvunzo dzakaitwa isati yavakwa chirimwa ichi. Maedzo aya aisanganisira kusiyanisa nguva yekuregedza uye kutarisa goridhe - leaching rate pasi pemamiriro akasiyana. Zvichienderana nemhedzisiro yekuyedza, iyo yakakwana nguva yekudonha yakatemerwa kuve maawa makumi maviri nemana kune chaiyo ore mhando yakagadziriswa pachirimwa ichocho.

Kana chirimwa chichivimba neupofu pane ruzivo pasina kuita bvunzo dzakafanira, zvine mukana wekusangana nekutadza kwekugadzira. Semuyenzaniso, kuchera goridhe - kudiki-kuchera mune imwe dunhu kwakaedza kushandisa nguva yekugezesa yemugodhi wakavakidzana sereferensi pasina kufunga nezvekusiyana kwemidziyo yavo. Nekuda kweizvozvo, mwero wegoridhe-leaching wakadzikira zvakanyanya pane zvaitarisirwa, uye mutengo wekugadzira wakawedzera zvakanyanya nekuda kwekusaita leaching uye kudiwa kwekuwedzera reagent kushandiswa. Nokudaro, kunyatsogadzirisa nguva yekudzidzira kuburikidza nekuedza data kwakakosha kuti ibudirire kushanda kwecyanidation - based gold - extraction plant.

Post-cyanidation Operations

Kana iyo goridhe - inobereka activated kabhoni, inozivikanwa seyakarodha kabhoni, yasvika pagoridhe - adsorption level inopfuura 3000g/t, inofungidzirwa kuti iyo kabhoni yese - mu - pulp adsorption process yapera. Nekudaro, kuvepo kweyakakwira-yemukati tsvina senge mhangura nesirivheri mune ore inogona kukanganisa zvakanyanya adsorption kugona kweiyo activated kabhoni. Aya tsvina anogona kukwikwidza negoridhe kune adsorption nzvimbo pane activated kabhoni, zvichikonzera kutadza kweyakarodha - kabhoni giredhi kusvika kune yaitarisirwa chinangwa. Kana iyo kabhoni yakabatidzwa isingachakwanise kushambadza goridhe zvinobudirira, inoonekwa seyakazara.

Kune saturated activated carbon, nzira dzakawanda dzinogona kushandiswa kuwana goridhe. Imwe nzira yakajairika ndeye desorption uye electrolysis. Mukuita desorption, mushonga wemakemikari unoshandiswa kubvisa goridhe - cyanide complex kubva kune yakashongedzwa activated kabhoni. Semuenzaniso, mune yepamusoro-tembiricha uye yakakwira-kumanikidza desorption nzira, iyo saturated activated kabhoni inoiswa mune desorption system ine chaiwo mamiriro. Nekuwedzera maanion ari nyore kushambadzwa neiyo activated kabhoni, iyo Au(CN)_2 ^- yakaoma inobviswa kubva pane kabhoni. Maitiro ekuita anosanganisira kuchinjana kwegoridhe - cyanide complex pamwe neanowedzerwa anions, zvichiita kuti goridhe ribudiswe mumhinduro. Mushure mekupererwa, mhinduro inoguma, inozivikanwa semhinduro yekuzvitakura, ine huwandu hwakanyanya hwemaion egoridhe.

Mushonga wepamuviri unobva waitwa electrolysis. Musero re electrolysis, magetsi anoiswa. Iwo ayoni egoridhe mune mhinduro anokwezvwa kune cathode, kwaanowana maerekitironi uye anoderedzwa kuita goridhe resimbi. Maitiro acho anogona kumiririrwa neiyo equation: Au^+ + e^-\rightarrow Au . Iyo goridhe inounganidza pane cathode muchimiro chegoridhe dhaka, iyo inogona kuwedzera kugadziriswa kuti iwane yakakwirira - yakachena goridhe.

Munzvimbo dzine kugadzirwa kwegoridhe, imwe sarudzo ndeyekutengesa kabhoni yakatakura. Iyi inogona kuve sarudzo ine pundutso sezvo mamwe makambani akashongedzerwa akashongedzerwa kubata kuenderera mberi kwekugadzirisa kabhoni. Vane hunyanzvi uye zvikwanisiro zvekutora goridhe kubva mucarbon yakatakura, uye makambani emigodhi yegoridhe anogona kuwana mari kuburikidza nekutengesa kabhoni yakatakurwa kumasangano aya.

Imwe nzira iri nyore ndeyekupisa. Kana iyo kabhoni yakatakurwa ichipiswa, izvo zvemukati zveakabatidzwa kabhoni zvinopiswa uye zvinopiswa, nepo goridhe rinoramba riri mune zvakasara muchimiro chegoridhe alloy, inozivikanwa sedore goridhe. Dore goridhe kazhinji ine chikamu chegoridhe chakakura pamwe nekumwe kusvibiswa. Mushure mekupiswa, iyo dore goridhe inogona kukwenenzverwa kuburikidza nematanho akadai sekunyungudika uye kucheneswa kuti uwane yakakwira - yakachena goridhe zvigadzirwa zvinosangana nemazinga ekushandiswa kwekutengesa muzvishongo, zvemagetsi, uye maindasitiri ekudyara.

Zvakanakira uye Zvakaipa zveCyanidation Maitiro

Advantages

1. High Recovery Rate: Imwe yemabhenefiti akakosha eiyo cyanidation maitiro ndeye yakakwira kudzoreredza mwero. Kune yakajairwa oxidized goridhe - inobereka quartz - vein ores, kana uchishandisa iyo kabhoni - mu - pulp (CIP) kana kabhoni - in - leach (CIL) maitiro, huwandu hwekudzoreredza hunogona kusvika pamusoro pe93%. Mune mamwe mabasa akakwenenzverwa, mwero wekudzoreredza unogona kutokwira. Uku kudzoreredzwa kwepamusoro kunoreva kuti makambani emigodhi anogona kutora chikamu chikuru chegoridhe riri mumatombo, zvichiwedzera kudzoka kwehupfumi kubva mukucherwa. Semuyenzaniso, muhombe-mugodhi wegoridhe muUnited States, nekunyatso kudzora maparamendi ekuita senge kukuya, kusungirirwa kwe pulp, uye reagent dosage, mwero wekudzoreredza goridhe weiyo cyanidation process yakachengetedzwa yakatenderedza 95% kwenguva yakareba, iyo yakakwira zvakanyanya kupfuura dzimwe nzira dzakawanda dzekubvisa goridhe.

2. Wide Applicability: Iyo cyanidation process inokodzera zvakasiyana siyana zvegoridhe - inotakura ores. Inogona kunyatso kubata kwete chete oxidized goridhe ores asiwo imwe sulfide - inobereka goridhe ores. Kunyangwe iyo goridhe iri mune yakasununguka - nyika kana yakavharirwa mukati mezvimwe zvicherwa, iyo cyanidation process inogona kazhinji kunyungudutsa goridhe nerubatsiro rwepre-kurapwa kwakakodzera uye maitiro ekugadzirisa. Semuyenzaniso, mune mimwe migodhi yekuSouth America uko zvicherwa zvine musanganiswa wesulfide uye oxidized zvicherwa zvegoridhe, iyo cyanidation process yakashandiswa zvinobudirira. Mushure meiyo oxidation pre - kurapwa kwemaminerari e sulfide, iyo cyanidation process inogona kuwana inogutsa goridhe - yekubvisa mhedzisiro, ichiratidza kuchinjika kwayo kwakasimba kune akasiyana ore marudzi.

3. Mature Technology: Nenhoroondo yemakore anopfuura zana, iyo cyanidation process yave tekinoroji yakakura kwazvo muindasitiri yegoridhe-mugodhi. Zvishandiso uye maitiro ekushanda akanyatsosimbiswa, uye kune huwandu hukuru hweruzivo rwakaunganidzirwa uye data. Uku kukura kunoreva kuti maitiro acho ari nyore kushanda uye kudzora. Makambani emigodhi anogona kuvimba nearipo tekinoroji zviyero uye nhungamiro yekugadzira, kuvaka, uye kushandisa cyanidation zvirimwa. Semuenzaniso, dhizaini yecyanidation leaching matangi, kusarudzwa kweiyo activated kabhoni yeadsorption, uye kutonga kweiyo reagent dosage zvese zvine zvakajairwa maitiro uye nzira. Zvichangobva kuvakwa cyanidation zvidyarwa zvinogona kukurumidza kutanga uye kusvika yakagadzikana mamiriro ekugadzira, kuderedza njodzi dzine chekuita nekutorwa kwehunyanzvi.

payakaipira

1. Chepfu yeCyanide: Chinonyanya kudzoreredza cheiyo cyanidation process ndeye chepfu ye cyanide. Cyanide compounds, zvakadai sodium cyanide uye potassium cyanide, zvinhu zvine chepfu zvakanyanya. Kunyangwe chiyero chidiki checyanide chinogona kukuvadza zvakanyanya hutano hwevanhu uye nharaunda. Kana cyanide - ine zvigadziriso zvinodonha panguva yekuchera migodhi, zvinogona kusvibisa ivhu, zvitubu zvemvura, uye mweya. Semuenzaniso, mune dzimwe tsaona dzemugodhi dzezvakaitika kare, kubuda kwecyanide - ine tsvina yakakonzera kufa kwenhamba yakawanda yezvipenyu zvemvura munzizi dziri pedyo nemadziva, uye zvakare yakaisa njodzi kuhutano hwevagari vemo. Kufemba, kupinza, kana kubata ganda necyanide kunogona kukonzera zviratidzo zvakakomba zvechepfu muvanhu, kusanganisira dzungu, kuda kurutsa, kurutsa, uye muzviitiko zvakanyanya, zvinogona kuuraya. Nokudaro, kuchengetedzwa kwakasimba uye kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza kunodiwa mukushandiswa kwecyanide, iyo inowedzera kuoma uye mari yekushanda kwemigodhi.

2. Yakaoma uye Inodhura Post - kurapwa: Iyo post - kurapwa mashandiro mushure meiyo cyanidation maitiro akaomesesa uye anoda huwandu hukuru hwekudyara. Mushure meiyo goridhe - inobereka activated kabhoni yasvika pakuzara, maitiro akadai se desorption, electrolysis, kana kupisa anodiwa kuti uwane goridhe rakachena. Iyo desorption uye electrolysis maitiro anoda nyanzvi michina uye makemikari reagents. Semuenzaniso, mukuita desorption, yakakwira - tembiricha uye yakakwira - yekumanikidza michina inogona kudikanwa, uye kushandiswa kwemakemikari mhinduro ye desorption inodawo kunyatsodzorwa kuti ive nechokwadi chekudzoreredzwa kwegoridhe uye kudzokororwa kwemareagents. Pamusoro pezvo, kurapwa kwemarara emarara uye mvura yetsvina inogadzirwa panguva yekumashure - kurapwa maitiro zvakare idambudziko. Tsvina inosara inogona kunge ichiri nehwaro hwe cyanide nezvimwe zvinhu zvinokuvadza, uye mvura yetsvina inoda kurapwa kuti isangane neyakaomarara yekurasa zvimiro, izvo zvese zvinopa kumutengo wakakwira weiyo cyanidation process yese.

3. Sensitivity kune Ore Kusachena: Iyo cyanidation process inonzwa zvakanyanya kune kusvibiswa kuri mu ore. Zvicherwa zvakaita semhangura, sirivheri, lead, uye zinc zvinogona kuita necyanide, zvichipedza huwandu hwakawanda hwecyanide reagents. Izvi hazvisi kungowedzera mutengo we reagents asiwo zvinoderedza kushanda kwekuchera goridhe. Semuenzaniso, kana iyo mhangura iri muore yakakwira, mhangura inogona kugadzira mhangura yakagadzikana - cyanide complexes, ichikwikwidza negoridhe kune cyanide ions. Nekuda kweizvozvo, huwandu hwecyanide huripo hwekuumbwa kwegoridhe hunodzikiswa, uye mwero wekudonha wegoridhe unogona kukanganiswa zvakanyanya. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, mamwe matanho ekutanga ekurapa anogona kudikanwa kuti abvise kana kuderedza kukanganiswa kwezvitsvina izvi, izvo zvinowedzera kuoma uye mutengo wekuita kwemigodhi.

mhedziso

Mukupedzisa, iyo cyanidation process ndiyo inodiwa tekinoroji muindasitiri yegoridhe-mugodhi. Kuwedzera kwayo kudzoreredza mwero, kushanda kwakawanda, uye tekinoroji yakakura zvaita kuti ive nzira inotungamira yekutorwa kwegoridhe pasi rose. Yakagonesa kutorwa kwegoridhe kubva mumhando dzakasiyana dzeore, zvichibatsira zvakanyanya mukuwanikwa kwegoridhe repasi rose.

Nekudaro, iyo cyanidation process haina matambudziko ayo. Iyo chepfu yecyanide inokonzeresa njodzi kuhutano hwevanhu uye nharaunda. Kuchengetedza kwakasimba uye matanho ekuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza anofanirwa kuitwa kudzivirira kubuda kwecyanide uye kuve nechokwadi chekurapa kwakaringana kwecyanide - ine tsvina yetsvina uye tsvina. Pamusoro pezvo, iyo yakaoma uye inodhura post - kurapwa mashandiro, pamwe nekunzwa kwemaitiro kune tsvina yeore, inowedzera kumatambudziko uye mutengo wekugadzirwa kwegoridhe.

Tichitarisa kumberi, ramangwana reiyo cyanidation process mukugadziriswa kwegoridhe ore inogona kuumbwa nekufambira mberi kwetekinoroji. Kuvandudzwa kwedzimwe nzira dzine hushamwari uye dzinoshanda dzecyanidation, dzakadai sekushandiswa kweyakaderera - toxicity cyanide inotsiva, igwara rinovimbisa. Automation uye hungwaru kutonga matekinoroji ichaitawo basa rinowedzera kukosha. Aya matekinoroji anogona kuvandudza kugona kwekugadzira, kuderedza vanhu - kukanganisa - njodzi dzine hukama, uye kugadzirisa mashandisiro ezviwanikwa. Semuyenzaniso, otomatiki masisitimu anogona kunyatso kudzora reagent dosages, pulp concentrations, uye mamwe akakosha paramita, kuve nechokwadi chakanyanya kugadzikana uye chinoshanda maitiro ekugadzira.

Uyezve, kuongororwa kwehunyanzvi hutsva hwecyanidation - hune hukama, hwakadai sebio-cyanidation kana kubatanidzwa kwecyanidation nedzimwe nzira dziri kubuda dzekubvisa, zvinogona kupa mhinduro nyowani kumatambudziko aripo. Nekuenderera mberi nekuvandudza uye kuvandudza, iyo cyanidation maitiro ane mukana wekuchengetedza chinzvimbo chayo senge inotungamira tekinoroji mukugadziriswa kwegoridhe ore uku ichiwedzera kugadzikana uye kushamwaridzana. Sezvo kudiwa kwegoridhe kunoramba kwakasimba mumaindasitiri akasiyana, kusimudzira uye optimization yecyanidation process ichave yakakosha mukusimudzira kwenguva refu kweindasitiri yegoridhe-migodhi.