Iqhaza Le-Leaching Aids Ekukhishweni Kwegolide Kwe-Sodium Cyanide

Isingeniso

Ukukhipha i-Cyanide sekuyisikhathi eside kuyindlela evelele ekukhishweni kwegolide ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo kahle kanye nezindleko eziphansi. Kodwa-ke, le nqubo ayizinazo izinselele zayo, njengesidingo sezikhathi ezinde zokukhipha igolide, ukusetshenziswa kwe -cyanide ephezulu , kanye nokuba khona kwamaminerali angenawo amandla angavimbela ukuncibilika kwegolide. Yilapho izinsiza zokukhipha igolide ziqala khona ukusebenza. Izinsiza zokukhipha igolide ziyizinto ezingeziwe esixazululweni sokukhipha i-cyanide ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukukhishwa kwegolide, okunikeza indlela esebenza kahle futhi engabizi kakhulu yokumbiwa kwegolide.

Isebenza Kanjani I-Leaching Aids

Ukwandisa I-Oxygen Encibilikile

Omunye wemisebenzi eyinhloko yezinsiza eziningi zokuvuza ukwandisa okuqukethwe komoyampilo oncibilikisiwe kusixazululo se-cyanide. Ukuze igolide lincibilike ezixazululweni ze-cyanide, i-oxygen iyadingeka njenge-oxidizing ejenti ukuze kube lula ukucwiliswa kwegolide kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwayo okulandelanayo nama-ion e-cyanide. Ezimweni ezijwayelekile, umoya-mpilo ophuma emoyeni uvamise ukunganeli, okukhawulela izinga igolide elincibilika ngalo. Izinsiza zokukhipha amanzi njengama-peroxides nama-persulfate zingabhidlika futhi zikhulule umoya-mpilo, okuqinisekisa ukugcwala okuphezulu komoyampilo oncibilikisiwe odaka. Isibonelo, i-hydrogen peroxide iyabola ukuze inikeze umthombo owengeziwe womoya-mpilo wokusabela phakathi kwegolide ne-cyanide.

Ukwakha Amaseli E-Galvanic (Usawoti Wensimbi Osindayo)

Amanye ama-salts ensimbi esindayo, njengosawoti we-lead, usawoti we-MERCURY , kanye nosawoti we-bismuth, angasebenza njenge-leaching esisiza ngokudala amaseli e-galvanic endawo. Uma engezwa ku-cyanide slurry, lawa ma-smetal asindayo ahlala phezu kwezinhlayiya zegolide. Lokhu kudala umehluko ongaba khona phakathi kwegolide nensimbi esindayo egciniwe, okusheshisa ukuncibilika kwegolide. Igolide lisebenza njenge-anode lapho kwenzeka khona i-oxidation, kanti indawo embozwe yinsimbi esindayo isebenza njenge-cathode. Le nqubo efana ne-electrochemical isheshisa kakhulu izinga lapho igolide likhishwa khona.

Ukususwa Kwe-Chelation kanye Nokungcola

Ezinye izinsiza zokugezela zingabopha noma zisuse ukungcola okukhona entsheni okungase kuphazamise inqubo yokucwiliswa kwe-cyanide. Kuma-ore aqukethe ama-ion ensimbi njengethusi, i-zinc, insimbi, lokhu kungcola kungasabela nge-cyanide, kudle futhi kunciphise inani elitholakalayo lokuncibilika kwegolide. Ama-Chelating agents ezinsizakalweni ze-leaching akha izakhiwo ezizinzile nalawa ma-ion angcolile, awagcine kude futhi avimbele ukusabela kwawo nge-cyanide. Lokhu akunciphisi ukusetshenziswa kwe-cyanide kuphela kodwa futhi kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle okuphelele kwenqubo yokucwiliswa kwegolide.

Izinhlobo Zezinsiza Zokugezisa Nezindima Zazo Eziqondile

Ama-oxidizing Agents

1.Ama-Peroxides

• I-Hydrogen Peroxide : I-hydrogen peroxide ingenye yezinsiza zokukhipha i-oxidizing leaching ezisetshenziswa kakhulu. Ingakhuphula ngokushesha okuqukethwe kwe-oxygen encibilikisiwe kusisombululo se-cyanide. Ezisetshenzisweni zezimboni, ukufaka i-hydrogen peroxide ohlelweni lokukhipha i-cyanide kunganciphisa kakhulu isikhathi sokukhipha i-leaching. Isibonelo, kwezinye izimayini zegolide, isikhathi sokukhipha i-leaching singancishiswa ngo-50% uma i-hydrogen peroxide isetshenziswa njengesizo sokukhipha i-leaching. Iphinde isize ekunciphiseni ukusetshenziswa kwe-cyanide njengoba i-oxidation ethuthukisiwe yegolide ivumela ukusetshenziswa kwe-cyanide okuphumelelayo.

• I-Calcium Peroxide : I-calcium peroxide iwusizo kakhulu kuma-ore ane-sulfur content ephezulu. Ibola kancane kune-hydrogen peroxide, ihlinzeka ngokukhululwa komoya-mpilo okuqhubekayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inganciphisa ukubola kwe-cyanide ngamaminerali aqukethe i-sulfur. Kuma-ore egolide ane-sulfur amaningi, ukusebenzisa i-calcium peroxide njengesizo sokukhipha i-leaching kungaholela ekukhuleni okungu-10 - 15% kokubuyiselwa kwegolide uma kuqhathaniswa nokuphuma kwe-cyanide kwendabuko.

• I-Barium Peroxide : I-Barium peroxide inesici esiyingqayizivele sokunikeza ukukhishwa kwe-oxygen kancane futhi okuzinzile. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuhlushwa okuphezulu njalo kwe-oxygen encibilikisiwe ku-slurry isikhathi eside. Izinga lokuncibilika kwegolide liyanda ngokuhambisana nokwanda kokungezwa kwe-barium peroxide, kuyilapho ukusetshenziswa kwe-cyanide kuhlala kuzinzile. Kulula futhi ukuyilungisa nokuyisebenzisa emisebenzini yokumba engokoqobo.

2.Ama-Persulfates

• Ama-Persulfate ama-oxidizing agents aqinile. Uma zengezwe ohlelweni lwe-cyanide leaching, ziyaphuka ukuze zenze ama-radicals e-sulfate asebenzayo kakhulu. Lawa ma-radicals angakwazi ukukhipha igolide ngempumelelo kakhulu kunomoya-mpilo wamangqamuzana, okuholela ekwenyukeni okukhulu kwezinga legolide le-leaching. Kwezinye izimo, izinga lokuncibilika kwegolide linganyuswa lifike ku-8 - ngokuphindwe kabili uma kuqhathaniswa nokukhishwa kwe-cyanide evamile enomoya njengomthombo womoya-mpilo.

I-Heavy Metal Salts

1.Usawoti Wokuhola

• Usawoti omthofu usetshenziswa kakhulu ekulethweni kwe-cyanide. Kuma-ores aqukethe amaminerali e-sulfide afana ne-pyrite ne-arsenopyrite, lawa mamineral angasabela nge-cyanide nomoya-mpilo, awadle futhi anciphise ukusebenza kahle kokucwiliswa kwegolide. Usawoti omthofu ungenza ungqimba oludlulayo phezu kwamaminerali e-sulfide, avimbele ukusabela kwawo nge-cyanide nomoya-mpilo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuhola kungakha iseli ye-galvanic enegolide, ekhuthaza ukuchithwa kwegolide. Embonini yaseCanada ye-cyanide, ngokungeza usawoti omthofu kanye nokugcina ukugcwala komoyampilo oncibilikile ngendlela efanele, imiphumela emibi yamaminerali e-sulfide ku-cyanidation yanqotshwa ngempumelelo, okuholele ekwenyukeni kwegolide ngo-10 - 15%.

2.I-Mercury ne-Bismuth Salts

• Usawoti we-Mercury kanye nosawoti we-bismuth nawo angasebenza njengezinto ezisheshisa ekukhucululweni kwe-cyanide. Njengosawoti we-lead, angakha amaseli e-galvanic ngegolide, okwandisa izinga lokukhucululwa kwe-leaching. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yobuthi be- Mercury kanye nezindleko eziphakeme ze-bismuth, ukusetshenziswa kwawo kulinganiselwe kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nosawoti we-lead. Kodwa kwezinye izimo ezithile lapho i-ore inezakhiwo ezihlukile, lawa sawoti angabhekwa njengezinsiza ezisebenzayo zokhucululwa kwe-leaching.

Ama-Chelating Agents kanye nabanye

1.Citric Acid

• I-citric acid ingasetshenziswa njengosizo lokukhipha igolide le-Cyanide . Kuma-ore aqukethe ama-ion ensimbi njengethusi, i-zinc, insimbi, lawa ma-ion angadla i-cyanide kanye nomoya-mpilo, anciphise ukusebenza kahle kokukhipha igolide. I-citric acid ingabopha lawa ma-ion ensimbi, yakhe ama-complex azinzile. Isibonelo, yakha i-copper-citrate complex. Lokhu akugcini nje ngokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-cyanide kanye nomoya-mpilo yilawa ma-ion angcolile kodwa futhi kusiza ekuhlakazeni amaminerali e-gangue, kuthuthukiswe indawo yokukhipha yonke. Kwezinye izivivinyo zelebhu, ukufaka i-citric acid esixazululweni sokukhipha i-cyanide kwandise ukubuyiswa kwegolide ngo-5 - 10%.

2.Ammonia - Inhlanganisela esekelwe

• Kwezinye izimo, ama-compounds asekelwe ku-ammonia angasetshenziswa njengezinsiza zokukhipha amanzi, ikakhulukazi kuma-ores aqukethe ithusi - amaminerali egolide. I-Ammonia ingenza ama-complexes ane-ion yethusi, inciphise ukuphazanyiswa kwethusi ku-cyanide leaching yegolide. Ngokulungisa isilinganiso se-ammonia - cyanide esixazululweni se-leaching, kungenzeka ukuncibilikisa igolide ngokukhetha kuyilapho unciphisa ukuchithwa kwethusi, okuzuzisa izinqubo ezilandelayo zokubuyisela igolide.

Amacala Ohlelo Lokusebenza

1.Emayini Yegolide e-Australia

• Imayini ibilungisa igolide legolide elisezingeni eliphansi neliphezulu. Ngokusebenzisa inhlanganisela ye-hydrogen peroxide nosawoti omthofu njengezinsiza zokuvuza, kwaba nentuthuko enkulu. Izinga lokucwiliswa kwegolide lenyuke ngo-8 - 10% uma liqhathaniswa nokucwiliswa kwe-cyanide evamile. Ukwengezwa kwe-hydrogen peroxide kwanikeza umoya-mpilo owengeziwe, okwandisa ukugeleza kwegolide, kuyilapho usawoti omthofu uvimbela umthelela omubi wamaminerali e-sulfide. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-cyanide nakho kwehliswe cishe ngama-20%, okuholele ekongeni kwezindleko ezibalulekile.

2.Imayini Yegolide YaseShayina Ebhekene Nezinsimbi Eziyinkimbinkimbi

• Insimbi kule mayini yayinamazinga aphezulu ethusi nensimbi. Ngokusebenzisa i-citric acid njengosizo lwe-leaching ohlelweni lwe-cyanide leaching, izinga lokutholwa kwegolide likhuphuke lisuka ku-70% laya ku-78%. I-Citric acid eboshwe ngethusi ne-iron ions, inciphisa ukuphazamiseka kwayo ekuphenduleni kwegolide - i-cyanide. Isikhathi sokucwiliswa kwamanzi naso sancishiswa kancane, okwenza ngcono ukukhiqizwa okuphelele komsebenzi wokumba.

Ukucatshangelwa Kokukhetha nokusebenzisa Izinsiza-Leaching

1.Izici ze-Ore

• Ukwakheka kwe-ore kubalulekile ekunqumeni insiza efanelekile yokucwilisa. Kumatshe esibabule aphezulu, ama-oxidizing agents afana ne-calcium peroxide noma i-barium peroxide angase afaneleke kakhulu njengoba engakwazi ukunikeza umoya-mpilo kuphela kodwa futhi enciphisa umthelela omubi wesibabule. Kuma-ores anamazinga aphezulu e-ion yensimbi engcolile, ama-chelating agents afana ne-citric acid noma ama-compounds asekelwe e-ammonia kufanele acatshangelwe.

2.Izindleko - ukusebenza kahle

• Izindleko zosizo lwe-leaching, okuhlanganisa nenani lokuthenga, ezokuthutha, nendawo yokugcina impahla, zidinga ukucutshungulwa. Ezinye izinsiza-leaching, ezifana nosawoti othile we-bismuth, zingase zisebenze kodwa zibize kakhulu. Ezimweni ezinjalo, ibhalansi phakathi kwezindleko kanye nokuthuthukiswa kokutholwa kwegolide kudinga ukushaywa. Ukwengeza, ukuncishiswa kokusetshenziswa kwe-cyanide kanye nesikhathi sokuvuza ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwezinsiza zokugezela kufanele nakho kufakwe kuzindleko - ukuhlaziywa kokuphumelela.

3.Umthelela Wezemvelo

• Njengoba ukukhishwa kwe-cyanide kakade kunezinkinga zemvelo ngenxa yobuthi be-cyanide, ukukhetha usizo lokukhishwa kwe-leaching kufanele futhi kucabangele umthelela wayo emvelweni. Isibonelo, ezinye izinto ezikhipha i-oxidizing zingase zikhiqize imikhiqizo edinga ukuphathwa kahle. Ukusetshenziswa kosawoti we-mercury , nakuba kusebenza kwezinye izimo, kunqunyelwe kakhulu ngenxa yobuthi bawo obukhulu kanye nezingozi zemvelo.

Isiphetho

Izinsiza zokukhipha amanzi zidlala indima ebalulekile ekukhishweni kwegolide le-cyanide. Bangakwazi ukuthuthukisa ngokuphawulekayo ukusebenza kahle kwenqubo yokucwiliswa kwamanzi ngokwandisa ukutholakala kwegolide, ukunciphisa isikhathi sokucwiliswa kwamanzi, nokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-cyanide. Ngokuqonda izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinsiza zokugezela, izindlela zazo zokusebenza, kanye nendlela yokukhetha ezifanele kakhulu ngokusekelwe ezicini zensimbi, abavukuzi begolide bangakwazi ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwabo. Njengoba isidingo segolide siqhubeka sikhula, ukusetshenziswa kwezinsiza-leaching ekucwilisweni kwe-cyanide cishe kuzosakazeka kakhulu, kube nesandla emikhubeni eqhubekayo yokumba igolide.