Isilinganiso sokuhlushwa ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide

Isingeniso

I-Sodium cyanide (NaCN), inhlanganisela enobuthi obukhulu kodwa ebaluleke kakhulu kwezezimboni, isetshenziswa kabanzi emikhakheni ehlukahlukene njengokumbiwa kwegolide kanye nokufakwa kwe-electroplating. Ukulawulwa okunembile kwesilinganiso sayo sokuhlushwa ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa kokubili ukusebenza kahle kwenqubo kanye nokuphepha. Lesi sihloko sigxila ezilinganisweni zokuhlushwa kwe -Sodium cyanide ezimweni ezahlukene zokusetshenziswa.

Izilinganiso Zokugxila Emayini Yegolide

Inqubo yeCyanidation Leaching

1.Ekuvuzeni kweThangi Eligxilile

• Endleleni yokukhipha igolide ngethangi elivuselelwe, ukuhlushwa okujwayelekile kwe -Sodium Cyanide esixazululweni sokukhipha igolide kuphakathi kuka-0.01% - 0.1% (w/v). Isibonelo, ezimayini eziningi zegolide ezinkulu, lapho kubhekene nama-ore anesilinganiso segolide kanye nezici ezifanele ze-mineralological, ukuhlushwa kwe -sodium cyanide okungaba ngu-0.05% kuvame ukusetshenziswa. Lokhu kuhlushwa kwanele ukuncibilikisa igolide ngokwenza i-soluble gold - cyanide complexes ngokusebenzisa ukusabela kwamakhemikhali okubandakanya igolide, i-sodium cyanide, i-oxygen, kanye namanzi.

• Ukugxilisa ingqondo kudinga ukugcinwa ngokucophelela ngaphakathi kwalolu hlu. Uma ukugxilisa ingqondo kuphansi kakhulu, izinga lokucwiliswa kwegolide lizoncishiswa kakhulu, okuholela ezikhathini ezinde zokugezwa kanye namazinga aphansi okuthola igolide. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma ukugxila kuphezulu kakhulu, akugcini nje ukwandisa izindleko kodwa futhi kubangela izingozi ezinkulu zemvelo nokuphepha.

2.In Heap Leaching

• Ukuhlanzwa kwenqwaba kungenye indlela evamile ekumbeni igolide, ikakhulukazi kuma-ore asezingeni eliphansi. Ukuhlushwa kwe-sodium cyanide esetshenziswa ekuhlanzweni kwenqwaba ngokuvamile kuphansi kunasekuhlanzweni kwethangi elishukunyisiwe, ngokuvamile kuphakathi kuka-0.005% - 0.03% (w/v). Njengoba ukuxhumana phakathi kwe-ore nesixazululo sokuhlanzwa kwenqwaba kukhululekile uma kuqhathaniswa nokuhlanzwa kwethangi elishukunyisiwe, ukuhlushwa okuphansi kwanele ukuqala inqubo yokuhlanzwa . Isibonelo, kwezinye izimayini zegolide ezivulekile lapho izinga le-ore licishe libe ngu-1 - 3 g/t, ukuhlushwa kwe-sodium cyanide okungaba ngu-0.01% kungasetshenziswa.

• Kodwa-ke, izici ezifana nokungena kwenqwaba ye-ore, ukuba khona kwamanye amaminerali angase adle i-cyanide (njengamaminerali anethusi), kanye nezimo zezulu zingathinta ukugxiliswa okuphelele. Ezifundeni ezinemvula ephezulu, isisombululo se-leaching singase sihlanjululwe, sidinga ukulungiswa okufanele kokuhlushwa kwe-sodium cyanide.

Izilinganiso zokugxilisa ingqondo ku-Electroplating

1.E-Copper Cyanide Plating

• Emanzini okugeza e-copper cyanide electroplating, i-sodium cyanide isebenza njenge-ejenti eyinkimbinkimbi. Ukugcwala kwe-sodium cyanide emabhathini anjalo kuvame ukusukela ku-15 - 60 g/L. Isibonelo, kunqubo evamile ye-copper cyanide electroplating ngezinjongo zokuhlobisa, ukugxila kwe-sodium cyanide kungase kube cishe ku-30 ​​g/L. Lokhu kugxila kusiza ukwakha ithusi elizinzile - i-cyanide complexes, ebalulekile ekufakweni okufanayo kwethusi ku-substrate. I-copper - cyanide complex ihlukanisa i-cathode, ivumela ama-ion ethusi ukuba anciphe futhi afakwe.

• Uma ukuhlushwa kwe-sodium cyanide kuphansi kakhulu, ukuzinza kwe-copper - cyanide complex kuyancishiswa, okuholela ekubekweni okungalingani kanye nezingubo ezisezingeni eliphansi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma ukugxilisa ingqondo kuphezulu kakhulu, kungase kubangele ukuba yinkimbinkimbi ngokweqile, okuholela ekunciphiseni izinga lokubeka kanye nezinkinga ezingase zibe khona ngokunamathela kokunamathela.

2.E-Gold Electroplating

• E-electroplating yegolide, i-sodium cyanide isetshenziselwa ukwenza ama-ion egolide ayinkimbinkimbi. Ukugcwala kwe-sodium cyanide kubhavu wegolide we-electroplating kungahluka kakhulu kuye ngezidingo zenqubo ethile. Nge-electroplating yegolide yefilimu ezacile, ukugxiliswa kwe-sodium cyanide kungase kube kububanzi obungu-5 - 20 g/L. Kwezinye izimo lapho kudingeka idiphozi yegolide eshubile, ukugxilisa ingqondo kungase kulungiswe phezulu, kodwa ngokuvamile kungabi ngaphezu kwama-50 g/L.

• Ukuhlangana kwe-sodium cyanide ku-electroplating yegolide kuthinta izinga lokubeka, ubumsulwa bediphozi yegolide, nokubukeka kongqimba olupuletiwe. Kudingeka ibhalansi efanele ukuze kuzuzwe imiphumela efiselekayo ye-electroplating, efana negolide elikhanyayo, elibushelelezi, nelinamathelayo.

Izici Ezithinta Izilinganiso Zokugxila

1.Uhlobo Lwensimbi noma I-substrate

• Ezimayini zegolide, ukwakheka kwe-ore kudlala indima ebalulekile ekunqumeni ukugcwala kwe-sodium cyanide. Izinsimbi ezinokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwethusi, i-zinc, noma ezinye izinsimbi eziyisisekelo zingadla i-cyanide phakathi nenqubo yokucwiliswa. Isibonelo, i-copper ingasabela ne-cyanide yakhe i-copper - cyanide complexes, ngaleyo ndlela yehlise inani le-cyanide yamahhala etholakalayo ekuncibilikeni kwegolide. Ezimweni ezinjalo, ukuhlangana okuphezulu kokuqala kwe-sodium cyanide kungase kudingeke ukuze kuqinisekiswe i-cyanide eyanele yokukhipha igolide.

• Ku-electroplating, uhlobo lwe-substrate luphinde luthinte ukuhlushwa kwe-sodium cyanide. Izinsimbi ezihlukene zinamakhemikhali angaphezulu ahlukene, kanti amanye ama-substrates angase adinge ukugxiliswa okuthile kwe-cyanide - okugeza okuqukethe ukugeza ukuze kuzuzwe ukunamathela okuhle kanye nekhwalithi yokucwenga. Isibonelo, lapho kuhlanganiswe ama-alloys athile, kungase kudingeke inani eliphakeme le-sodium cyanide ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukwakheka kwesibopho esizinzile phakathi kongqimba lokucwenga kanye ne-substrate.

2.Izimo Zenqubo

• Izinga lokushisa ne-pH yizimo zenqubo ezibalulekile ezithonya izilinganiso zokuhlushwa. Ku-cyanidation leaching yegolide, i-pH ene-alkaline kancane (imvamisa engaba ngu-9 - 11) iyagcinwa ukuze kuvinjelwe ukwakheka kwegesi enobuthi ye-hydrogen cyanide (HCN). I-pH ingathinta ukuhlukaniswa kwe-sodium cyanide kanye nokuzinza kwe-metal - cyanide complexes. Amazinga okushisa aphakeme angakhuphula izinga lokusabela kukho kokubili ukucwiliswa kwegolide ne-electroplating, kodwa kungase futhi kuholele ekwenyukeni kokusetshenziswa kwe-cyanide. Kwezinye izimo, amazinga okushisa aphakeme angase adinge ukuncishiswa kokugxiliswa kwe-sodium cyanide yokuqala ukuze kugwenywe ukuba yinkimbinkimbi ngokweqile noma amazinga okusabela okweqile.

• Ukuba khona komoyampilo nakho kuthinta izilinganiso zokuhlushwa, ikakhulukazi ekulethweni kwegolide. Kudingeka umoya-mpilo ukuze kufakwe i-oxidation yegolide ukuze kwakheke igolide elincibilikayo - i-cyanide complexes. Ukugcwala komoyampilo oncibilikisiwe esixazululweni se-leaching kumele kube ngokwesilinganiso esifanele nokugxiliswa kwe-sodium cyanide. Ukungatholakali komoyampilo okwanele kungakhawulela izinga lokuvuza, kuyilapho ukugcwala komoyampilo kungabangela ukucwiliswa kwe-cyanide kube uhlobo olungasebenzi kahle kakhulu.

Ukucatshangelwa Kokuphepha Mayelana Nokugxilisa ingqondo

1.Izingozi Zobuthi

• I-sodium cyanide inobuthi obudlulele, futhi ngisho nezinguquko ezincane ekugxiliseni ingqondo zingaba nemithelela ebalulekile ekuphepheni. Ukugxila okuphezulu kwe-sodium cyanide endaweni yokusebenza kwandisa ingozi yokuchayeka kugesi enobuthi ye-hydrogen cyanide, engakhululwa lapho i-sodium cyanide iphendulana nama-acids noma ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile ze-pH. Abasebenzi kumele bahlonyiswe ngezinto zokuzivikela ezifanele, okuhlanganisa amasudi egesi - amasudi ampintshayo, ama-respirators, namagilavu, lapho bephatha izixazululo nganoma yikuphi ukugcwala kwe-sodium cyanide.

• Esimeni sokuchitheka noma ukuvuza ngengozi, ukugcwala kwe-sodium cyanide esixazululweni esichithiwe kunquma izinga lengozi engaba khona. Izinhlelo zokubhekana nezimo eziphuthumayo kufanele zibe khona, futhi izinyathelo ezifanele zokunciphisa noma zokuvimbela kufanele zithathwe ngokushesha. Isibonelo, uma kwenzeka kuchitheka isixazululo se-sodium cyanide ephezulu, inani elikhulu le-agent engathathi hlangothi (njengesisekelo esiqinile sokulungisa i-pH nokuvimbela ukwakheka kwe-HCN) kungase kudingeke.

2.Umthelela Wezemvelo

• Ukuhlushwa kwe-sodium cyanide emanzini angcolile akhishwa ezinqubweni zezimboni kulawulwa ngokuqinile. I-sodium cyanide egxilile kakhulu emanzini angcolile ingaba yingozi kakhulu empilweni yasemanzini nasemvelweni. Izindlela zokwelapha ezifanele, ezifana ne-chemical oxidation (usebenzisa izindlela ezifana nenqubo ye-alkaline chlorination) ukuguqula i-cyanide ibe ngaphansi kwamafomu anobuthi, kuyadingeka. Ukusebenza kahle kwalezi zindlela zokwelapha kungathinteka ekugxilweni kokuqala kwe-sodium cyanide emanzini angcolile. Amanzi angcolile okugxilile aphezulu angase adinge izinyathelo zokwelashwa ezengeziwe noma amanani amakhulu wamakhemikhali okwelapha ukuze ahlangabezane nezindinganiso zokukhishwa kwemvelo.

Isiphetho

Izilinganiso zokuhlushwa ze-sodium cyanide ekusetshenzisweni kwayo, ikakhulukazi ezimayini zegolide ne-electroplating, zinqunywa ngokucophelela ngokusekelwe ezintweni eziningi. Lezi zici zifaka imvelo yezinto ezicutshungulwayo, izimo zenqubo, nokucatshangelwa kokuphepha nemvelo. Ukulawulwa okunembile kokugxiliswa kwe-sodium cyanide kubalulekile ukuze kuzuzwe ukusebenza kahle kwenqubo, kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha kwabasebenzi, kanye nokunciphisa umthelela wendawo. Izimboni ezisebenzisa i-sodium cyanide kufanele ziqhubeke ziqaphe futhi zilungise izilinganiso zokuhlushwa ukuze zihlangabezane nezidingo zezinqubo ezahlukene futhi zihambisane nemithetho yokuphepha nemvelo.