I-Gold Cyanidation Plant Cyanide Wastewater Treatment Izindlela

In I-Gold Cyanidation Plants, nakuba abanye I-Cyanide Wastewater igaywa kabusha, zisekhona ezinye i-cyanide amanzi angcolile noma izinsalela ze-cyanide ziyalahlwa. I-Cyanide inobuthi obuphezulu, ngakho ukwelashwa okusemthethweni kwala manzi angcolile e-cyanide kubalulekile ngaphambi kokuba akhishwe ukuze kugwenywe ukungcoliswa kwemvelo kanye nokulimala empilweni yabantu neyezilwane. Njengamanje, okulandelayo izindlela ezijwayelekile zokuhlanza amanzi angcolile e-cyanide ezitshalweni zegolide ze-cyanidation.

Izindlela Zokwelapha Zamanzi Angcolile E-Cyanide Aphakathi Naphansi

Indlela ye-Alkaline Chlorination

Indlela ye-alkaline chlorination iyindlela esetshenziswa kabanzi. Kule ndlela, i-chlorine oxidant enesimo se-high charge oxidation ifakwa emanzini angcolile e-alkaline cyanide. Ama-oxidant avamile afaka i-ClO₂, i-Cl₂ (igesi noketshezi), i-bleaching powder, i-sodium hypochlorite, i-calcium hypochlorite, kanye ne-chlorite. Esixazululweni se-alkaline, i-OCl⁻ noma i-high - charge chloride oxidation ivame ukukhiqizwa. Okokuqala, i-cyanide i-oxidation ibe yi-cyanate, bese i-oxidation ibe yi -Carbon dioxide kanye ne-nitrogen.

• Izinzuzo : Ama-reagent atholakala kabanzi futhi ashibhile. Umphumela wokwelapha muhle, futhi imishini esetshenziswayo ilula, okulula ukuyenza ngokuzenzakalelayo.

• Okubi : Njengoba i-cyanogen chloride ekhiqizwayo inobuthi, iyingozi kakhulu kubasebenzisi. I-cyanogen chloride uma ihlangana namanzi ingakhiqiza umusi oqothulayo, okubangela umonakalo omkhulu emishinini.

Indlela ye-Inco

Indlela ye-Inco yathuthukiswa yi-Inco Ltd. ngo-1982. Ngokuyinhloko ihilela ukungeza ingxube ye-SO₂ nomoya emanzini angcolile e-cyanide nokulawula inani le-pH eliphakathi kuka-8 - 10. Ama-ion ethusi ahlukanisiwe enza i-oxidation ye-cyanide emanzini angcolile.

• Izinzuzo : Indlela ye-Inco ilula, futhi imishini esetshenziswayo ayiyinkimbinkimbi. Umphumela wokwelapha ngokuvamile ungcono kunenqubo ye-chlorination (ngaphandle kokucabangela ubuthi be-thiocyanate). Imithombo ye-reagent ibanzi kakhulu, futhi ukutshalwa kwezimali kuphansi kunenqubo ye-alkaline chlorination.

• Okubi : Indlela ye-Inco inobunzima ekufakeni i-oxidizing SCN⁻, futhi i-SCN⁻ ingahlukanisa i-CN⁻ kamuva, ngakho-ke ayifanele ukwelapha amanzi angcolile e-cyanide nge-SCN⁻ equkethe inani eliphezulu. I-SO₂ nayo iyisihlanzi somoya futhi ingaphuma futhi ivuze ngesikhathi sokusabela, ingcolise imvelo.

Indlela ye-H₂O₂ Oxidation

Ngaphansi kwezimo yenani le-pH elingu-9.5 - 11. izinga lokushisa elivamile, nama-ion ekhopha (Cu²⁺) njengesisusa, i-H₂O₂ i-oxidize i-cyanide ukuze ikhiqize i-CNO⁻. I-CNO⁻ izophinde ifakwe i-hydrolyzed ukuze ikhiqize i-NH₄⁺ ne-CO₃²⁻, futhi izinga le-hydrolysis lincike ku-pH.

• Izinzuzo : Umphumela wokwelashwa kwamanzi amdaka e-cyanide muhle, futhi inqubo ilula. Indlela ye-oxidation ifanele ukwelapha amanzi amdaka e-cyanide anezinga eliphansi, kanti izinga le-cyanide ngemva kokwelashwa lingaphansi kuka-0.5mg/L.

• Okubi : I-H₂O₂ inobuthi futhi iyagqwala, ngakho ukuthuthwa kwayo nokusetshenziswa kwayo kuyingozi. Indlela ye-oxidation inobunzima ekufakeni i-SCN⁻ emanzini angcolile, futhi amanzi angcolile alungisiwe asenobuthi.

Indlela Ye-Ozone Oxidation

I-ozone inamandla okwedlulele e-oxidation, namandla e-electrode angu-2.07mV, okwesibili ngemva kwe-fluorine. Ingakwazi ukubola kalula izingxenye ezingakwazi ukubola ngamanye ama-oxidants. I-chemical reaction mechanism yenqubo ye-ozone oxidation iwukuthi i-ozone ihlangana ne-cyanide ukuze ikhiqize i-cyanate, esuke i-hydrolyzed ukuze ikhiqize i-nitrogen ne-carbonate.

• Izinzuzo : Kudinga imishini kuphela ukukhiqiza i-ozone futhi akudingeki ukuthi kuthengwe futhi kuthuthwe amakhemikhali. Inqubo ilula futhi ilula, ayinakho ukungcola kwesibili.

• Okubi : Ngenxa yezindleko eziphezulu zamajeneretha e-ozone kanye nobunzima bokulungiswa kwemishini, kunemikhawulo ethile ekusetshenzisweni kwezimboni. Indlela yokuxiliswa kwe-ozone idla ugesi omningi, ngakho-ke kunzima ukuyisebenzisa ezindaweni ezingenawo amandla anele.

Izindlela Zokwelapha Eziphakeme - Amanzi Angcolile e-Cyanide

Indlela ye-Acidification

Indlela yokwenza i-asidi ikwazi ukwelapha izixazululo eziningi ze-cyanide eziphezulu (60×10⁻⁶ + NaCN) ezikhishwa ezimbonini. Ukuhlushwa kwama-ion cyanide amahhala esixazululweni kungancishiswa ku-1×10⁻⁶.

• Izinzuzo : Kungakhulisa ukubuyiswa kwe-cyanide, kuphinde kusetshenziswe izinsizakusebenza, futhi kunezinzuzo ezinkulu kwezomnotho.

• Okubi : Ukutshalwa kwezimali okwenziwa kanye kuphela kukhulu kakhulu, futhi amanye amabhizinisi amancane naphakathi awakwazi ukukukhokhela. Umsebenzi uyinkimbinkimbi, futhi i-pulp ephathwayo isenenkinga yokufinyelela amazinga okukhipha.

Indlela Yokucekela phansi Kwemvelo

Indlela yemvelo yokucekela phansi iyindlela yokuhlanza ebola i-cyanide kusetshenziswa izici zemvelo ezifana nokukhanya. Kufaka phakathi imiphumela ye-cyanide volatilization, ukonakala, i-oxidation, ukuwohloka kwamakhemikhali ezithombe, ukuwohloka kwemvelo, imvula, kanye ne-adsorption, okuwumphumela womthelela obanzi ophelele wekhemistri engokomzimba, i-photochemistry, ne-biochemistry.

• Izinzuzo : Indlela yokuhlanza yemvelo ingafeza injongo yokususa i-cyanide ngaphandle kwemishini noma amakhemikhali, ngakho-ke izindleko ziphansi kakhulu.

• Okubi : Inqubo ihamba kancane kakhulu, futhi amanzi angcolile ahlanziwe awakwazi ukuhlangabezana nezindinganiso zokukhipha amanzi.

Eyesibili - Indlela Yemvula Yesiteji

Indlela yezulu enezigaba ezimbili iyindlela ephumelelayo evaliwe - iluphu egcwele - yomjikelezo eyenzelwe izitshalo zegolide ze-cyanidation ezincane neziphakathi - ezinamanzi angcolile e-SCN⁻ aphezulu, angafinyelela "amanzi angcolile" angakhipha amanzi angcolile. Indlela yezulu enezigaba ezimbili ngokuyinhloko ihilela ukungeza i-catalyst nomoya-mpilo owanele ku-cyanide emanzini angcolile, bese ikhipha i-cyanide ngokusabela okulandelayo kwinto ephethe igolide.

2Cu⁺ + 2SCN⁻→Cu₂(SCN)₂↓

Ca²⁺ + SO₄²⁻→CaSO₄↓

Pb²⁺ + SO₄²⁻→PbSO₄↓

H⁺ + CN⁻→HCN

• Izinzuzo : Kungasusa ama-ion ensimbi esindayo esixazululweni futhi kufeze ukuvuselelwa kwamanzi amdaka.

• Okubi : Isinyathelo sokuqala sokuna kwemvula kumele siqedwe. Ngaphandle kwalokho, uma kungezwa i-alkali, i-cuprous rhodanate izophinde incibilike, kuthinte umphumela wokwelashwa. I-CaSO₄ engavuthi ingabangela ukuvaleka kwevalvu.

Lezi izindlela ezijwayelekile zokuhlanza amanzi angcolile e-cyanide ezitshalweni zegolide ze-cyanidation. Ngaphezu kwalezi zindlela ezingenhla zokususa i-cyanide, ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-cyanide enqubweni yegolide ye-cyanidation nakho kunganciphisa ukuchithwa kwamanzi angcolile e-cyanide.