Imikhuba Engcono Kakhulu Yempendulo Ephuthumayo Ezehlakalweni Ze-Sodium Cyanide

Isingeniso

I-Sodium cyanide iyikhemikhali enobuthi kakhulu esetshenziswa kakhulu ezimbonini ezifana nezezimayini, i-electroplating, kanye nokukhiqizwa kwamakhemikhali. Kodwa-ke, ubuthi bayo kanye namathuba ayo okuba nemiphumela emibi uma kwenzeka ingozi kudinga izinyathelo zokuphepha eziqinile kanye nezinhlelo zokuphendula eziphuthumayo ezihlelwe kahle . Lesi sihloko sihlose ukunikeza umbono ophelele wemikhuba emihle yokusingatha izingozi ze -sodium cyanide ukuvikela izimpilo, impahla kanye nemvelo.

Ukuqonda i-Sodium Cyanide

I-Sodium cyanide iyi-crystalline emhlophe noma i-granular powder. Uma ihlangana namanzi, ama-acid, noma ezinye izinto ezithile, ingakhipha igesi ye-hydrogen cyanide, ikhemikhali enobuthi kakhulu ebangela ukushaqeka. Le gesi iphazamisa ikhono lomzimba lokusebenzisa umoya-mpilo, okuholela ekufeni okusheshayo uma kwenzeka itholakala. Le nto inemiphumela yesistimu, lapho uhlelo lwezinzwa oluphakathi (ubuchopho), uhlelo lwezinhliziyo (inhliziyo nemithambo yegazi), kanye nohlelo lwamaphaphu (amaphaphu) kuzwela kakhulu ekushayweni kwayo. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi yize igesi ye-hydrogen cyanide ingaba nephunga elihlukile le-alimondi elibabayo kwabanye, ingxenye enkulu yabantu ayikwazi ukulibona, kanti i-Sodium Cyanide ayinaphunga uma yomile.

Ukulungiswa Okuphuthumayo

Ukuhlola Ubungozi kanye Nokuhlela

• Thola Izingozi : Yenza ukuhlolwa okuphelele kwazo zonke izinqubo nezindawo zokugcina lapho kusetshenziswa noma kugcinwa khona i-Sodium cyanide . Thola izimo ezingaba khona zokuvuza, ukuchitheka, noma ukukhishwa, njengokwehluleka kwemishini, amaphutha abantu, noma izinhlekelele zemvelo.

• Yakha Izinhlelo Zokuphendula Eziphuthumayo : Dala izinhlelo ezinemininingwane ezichaza izinyathelo okufanele zithathwe uma kwenzeka izinhlobo ezahlukene zezehlakalo ze-sodium cyanide. Lezi zinhlelo kufanele zihlanganise izinqubo zokuphuma, izinqubo zokuxhumana, kanye nezindlela zokuhlanza amagciwane.

• Chaza Izindima Nemithwalo Yemfanelo : Yabela imisebenzi ngokucacile kubantu noma emaqenjini ahlukene. Isibonelo, khetha abaphathi bezigameko, amaqembu okutakula, abaphenduli bezokwelapha, kanye namaqembu okuvikela imvelo. Qinisekisa ukuthi wonke umuntu uyayiqonda indima yakhe kanye nesu lokuphendula eliphelele.

Ukuqeqeshwa Nokuzivocavoca

• Nikeza Ukuqeqeshwa Okuvamile : Qeqesha bonke abasebenzi abangase bahileleke ekuphatheni i-sodium cyanide noma ekuphenduleni isigameko. Ukuqeqeshwa kufanele kufake izici ze-sodium cyanide, izinqubo zokuphatha eziphephile, ukusetshenziswa kwemishini yokuzivikela yomuntu siqu (i-PPE), kanye namasu okusabela eziphuthumayo.

• Yenza Ukuzivocavoca : Yenza njalo ukuzivocavoca okuphuthumayo ukuze uhlole ukusebenza kahle kwezinhlelo zokuphendula. Ukuzivocavoca kufanele kulingise izimo ezahlukene zezehlakalo, okuhlanganisa ukuchitheka okuncane, ukukhishwa okukhulu, kanye nezimo ezihilela abasebenzi abalimele. Hlaziya imiphumela yokuzivocavoca ngakunye ukuze uthole izindawo okufanele zithuthukiswe.

Izinsiza Nezinsiza

• Imishini Yokuzivikela Yomuntu Siqu : Qinisekisa ukuthi i-PPE efanele iyatholakala kubo bonke abaphendulayo. Lokhu kungafaka phakathi amadivayisi okuphefumula azimele (SCBA) amakhemikhali - ezinto eziphilayo - emisebeni - enuzi (i-CBRN) anezingubo zokuzivikela, amagilavu ​​​​amelana namakhemikhali (angaphakathi nangaphandle), kanye namabhuzu amelana namakhemikhali.

• Imishini Yokuhlanza : Yiba nemishini yokuhlanza abantu nezindawo ezithintekile. Lokhu kungafaka phakathi amapayipi amanzi amakhulu, izindawo zokugeza zokuphepha, iziteshi zokuhlanza amehlo eziphuthumayo, kanye nezinto zokumunca ezifana ne-activated Carbon yokuhlanza okuchithekile.

• Izinto Zosizo Lokuqala Nezokwelapha : Gcina amakhithi osizo lokuqala anemithi ethile yokulwa nobuthi be-cyanide, njenge-4 - dimethylaminophenol (4 - DMAP) noma i-sodium nitrite, kanye nezinye izinto zokwelapha ezijwayelekile. Qinisekisa ukuthi kukhona abasebenzi bezokwelapha abaqeqeshiwe noma abezimo eziphuthumayo abalindile.

• Amathuluzi Okuxhumana Nokuqapha : Setha izinhlelo zokuxhumana ezithembekile ukuze uhlele imizamo yokuphendula. Sebenzisa amasokisi omoya ukuqapha isiqondiso somoya (okuwusizo ekubikezeleni ukusabalala kwentuthu enobuthi) kanye nezitholi zegesi ukukala ukugcwala kwegesi ye-hydrogen cyanide emoyeni.

Ukuphendula okuphuthumayo

Ukutholwa Nokubika Isigameko

• Ukutholwa Kwasekuqaleni : Sebenzisa izinhlelo zokuqapha ukuze uthole ukuvuza noma ukukhishwa kwe-sodium cyanide ngokushesha okukhulu. Lokhu kungafaka phakathi izinzwa zegesi ezindaweni lapho kugcinwa noma kusetshenziswa khona i-sodium cyanide.

• Ukubika Ngokushesha : Misa indlela ecacile yokubika. Noma yisiphi isigameko esisolwayo noma esiqinisekisiwe se-sodium cyanide kufanele sibikwe ngokushesha eminyangweni yangaphakathi efanele (njengokuphepha, ukuphathwa) kanye neziphathimandla zangaphandle (njengeminyango yomlilo yendawo, izinhlangano zokuvikela imvelo). Nikeza ulwazi oluningiliziwe mayelana nohlobo lwesigameko, indawo, kanye nenani elilinganisiwe le-sodium cyanide ehilelekile.

Ukuphuma kanye Nokuhlukaniswa

• Susa Izindawo Ezithintekile : Susa bonke abasebenzi abangabalulekile endaweni lapho kukhishwe khona i-sodium cyanide. Sebenzisa izindlela zokuphuma ezinqunyiwe kanye nezindawo zokuhlangana. Qinisekisa ukuthi wonke umuntu uyabalwa ezindaweni zokuhlangana.

• Hlukanisa Indawo Yesigameko : Setha umngcele ozungeze indawo yesigameko ukuze uvimbele ukungena okungagunyaziwe. Ubukhulu bendawo yokuhlukaniswa kufanele bunqunywe ngokusekelwe ebangeni lokukhululwa, isiqondiso somoya, nezinye izici. Isibonelo, uma kwenzeka ukukhululwa okukhulu, irediyasi yokuhlukaniswa kungadingeka ibe amamitha angamakhulu amaningana.

Ukuhlenga kanye Nosizo Lokuqala

• Imisebenzi Yokuhlenga : Amaqembu okuhlenga aqeqeshiwe, ahlonyiswe nge-PPE efanele, kufanele angene endaweni ethintekile ukuze asindise abasebenzi abalimele. Sebenzisa izintambo zokulungisa ukuze ukhiphe izisulu endaweni eyingozi ngokushesha.

• Ukwelashwa Kosizo Lokuqala : Nikeza usizo lokuqala ngokushesha kubantu abathintekile. Basuse emthonjeni wokungcola, futhi uma bethintene ne-sodium cyanide, susa ukungcola esikhumbeni nasemehlweni abo. Ukuze bathinte isikhumba, hlanza ngamanzi amaningi okungenani imizuzu engama-20. Ukuze bathinte amehlo, hlanza ngamanzi okungenani imizuzu eyi-15. Uma isisulu siphefumule igesi ye-hydrogen cyanide noma sidle i-sodium cyanide, nikeza imithi yokwelapha efanele ngokushesha okukhulu, kodwa kuphela ngabasebenzi bezokwelapha abaqeqeshiwe.

Ukugcina kanye nokuhlanza - phezulu

• Iqukethe Ukuchitheka Noma Ukukhululwa : Uma kungenzeka, hlanganisa ukuchitheka kwe-sodium cyanide ukuze uvimbele ukusabalala kwayo. Uma kuchitheka uketshezi, sebenzisa izinto ezimunca ukuze umunce ikhemikhali. Uma kuchitheka okuqinile, faka izinto ezitsheni ezifanele. Uma kwenzeka zikhishwa emanzini, cabanga ngokwakha izithiyo (njengeziqhumane emifuleni noma emachibini) ukuze uvimbele ukusabalala kwamanzi angcolile.

• Ukuhlanza Nokuhlanza : Hlanza indawo ethintekile kahle. Sebenzisa izinto zokuhlanza ezifanele kanye nezinqubo zokuhlanza izindawo, imishini kanye nenhlabathi. Zonke izinto ezingcolisiwe, okuhlanganisa nezinto ezimuncayo, kumele zilahlwe ngendlela efanele ngokuhambisana nemithetho yendawo.

Okuthunyelwe - Ukulandelela Isigameko - up

Ukuqapha Imvelo

• Ukuqapha Umoya Namanzi : Qhuba ukuqapha okuqhubekayo komoya namanzi eduze kwendawo yesigameko. Hlola igesi ye-hydrogen cyanide esele emoyeni kanye nama-ion e-cyanide ezindaweni zamanzi. Qapha isikhathi eside ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imvelo ibuyele esimweni esiphephile.

• Ukusampula Inhlabathi : Thatha amasampula enhlabathi endaweni ethintekile ukuze uhlole izinga lokungcola. Thola ukuthi ngabe kukhona yini izinyathelo zokulungisa inhlabathi ezidingekayo.

Uphenyo kanye nokuhlaziya

• Ukuhlaziywa Kwembangela Eyinhloko : Yenza uphenyo oluningiliziwe ukuze kutholakale imbangela eyinhloko yesigameko se-sodium cyanide. Lokhu kungase kuhilele ukuhlola ukwehluleka kwemishini, amaphutha abantu, noma amaphutha ezinqubweni zokuphepha.

• Izifundo Ezifundiwe : Hlaziya inqubo yokusabela eziphuthumayo ukuze uthole izindawo okufanele zithuthukiswe. Buyekeza izinhlelo zokusabela eziphuthumayo, izinhlelo zokuqeqesha, kanye nezinqubo zokuphepha ngokusekelwe ezifundweni ezifundwe kulesi sigameko.

Ukuxhumana Komphakathi

• Gcina Umphakathi Unolwazi : Nikeza ulwazi olujwayelekile emphakathini wendawo mayelana nesigameko, imizamo yokusabela, kanye nemiphumela yokuqapha imvelo. Bhekana nanoma yiziphi izinkinga noma imibuzo evela emphakathini ukuze ugcine ukucaca nokwethembana.

Sengiphetha, impendulo ephuthumayo elungiselelwe kahle futhi edidiyelwe ibalulekile ekunciphiseni umthelela wezigameko ze-sodium cyanide. Ngokulandela lezi zindlela ezingcono kakhulu, izimboni zingavikela kangcono abasebenzi bazo, umphakathi, nendawo ezungezile ezingozini ezihlobene naleli khemikhali enobuthi obunamandla.