Chengetedzo Yekugadzira Tekinoroji Madiro eCyanide Murwi Leaching Goridhe Kubvisa Maitiro

1. ziviso

The Cyanide heap leaching goridhe kudhirowa process inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muindasitiri yemigodhi yegoridhe nekuda kwemabhenefiti ayo sekureruka, mutengo wakaderera, uye kushanda kune yakaderera-giredhi ores. Zvisinei, sezvo cyanide chinhu chine muchetura zvakanyanya, kwakasimba kuchengetedza kugadzirwa kwehunyanzvi kunofanirwa kuteverwa kuve nechokwadi chekuchengetedza kwevashandi, nharaunda, uye yakajairika kushanda kwemaitiro ekugadzira. The "Safety Production Technical Specifications for Cyanide Heap Leaching Gold Extraction Process" (YS/T 3019 - 2013) yakaitwa musi waMarch 1. 2014. iyo inopa mazano akajeka ekugadzirwa uye pa - site yekuongorora maitiro aya.

2. Basic Zvinodiwa Kuti Safety Production

2.1 Sarudzo yeSaiti uye Kurongeka

• Geological Conditions: Nzvimbo yecyanide heap leaching inofanira kusarudzwa panzvimbo yakagadzikana ine yakanaka geological mamiriro. Dzivisa nzvimbo dzinowanzoita kukoromoka kwevhu, kukoromoka kwemadhaka, uye mafashamo. Geological ongororo dzinofanirwa kuitwa pachine nguva kuti dziongorore kugadzikana kwesaiti.

• Distance from Sensitive Areas: Nzvimbo yekurovesa mirwi inofanira kunge iri chinhambwe chakakwana kubva kunzvimbo dzinogara vanhu, matsime emvura, nedzimwe nzvimbo dzakaoma. Zvinodiwa zvechinhambwe zvinofanirwa kuenderana nemamiriro ekunze uye chengetedzo mirau. Semuyenzaniso, inofanirwa kunge iri kure nemamita [X] kubva kunzvimbo dzinogara vanhu kudzivirira kukanganisa kwegasi rine muchetura uye kubuda kwemvura pavagari.

• Layout Dhizaini: Kurongeka kwenzvimbo yemurwi leaching saiti inofanirwa kuve inonzwisisika. Nzvimbo dzekututira ore, kutenderera kwemhinduro, kudzoreredza goridhe, uye kuraswa kwemarara kunofanirwa kugovaniswa zvakajeka. Nzvimbo yakakwana inofanira kuchengeterwa kuisirwa, kushanda, uye kugadzirisa michina. Nzira dzekuchengetedza uye nzira dzekubuda dzechimbichimbi dzinofanirwa kumisikidzwa kuti ive nechokwadi chekuburitswa kwevashandi zvakanaka kana paine njodzi.

2.2 Equipment uye Nzvimbo Dziviriro

• Anti - Seepage Facilities: Pazasi nekupoterera kwemurwi weore zvinofanirwa kuve zvakashongedzerwa neakavimbika anti-sepage zvivakwa kudzivirira kubuda kwecyanide - ine zvinogadzirisa muvhu nemvura yepasi. Yakakwira - density polyethylene (HDPE) geomembranes kana zvimwe zvemhando yepamusoro anti - seepage zvinhu zvinogona kushandiswa. Iyo anti-seepage layer inofanirwa kuongororwa nguva nenguva kune chero kukuvara kana kuvuza.

• Mvura Yekuchengetera uye Zvekufambisa Zvekufambisa: Matangi, mapaipi, uye pombi dzekuchengetedza nekutakura cyanide - ine zvinogadzirisa zvinofanirwa kugadzirwa necorrosion - resistant materials. Kuongororwa nguva nenguva kunofanirwa kuitwa kutarisa kukora, kuvuza, uye dzimwe njodzi dzinogona kuitika. Yese yekuchengetera mvura uye midziyo yekufambisa inofanirwa kuve nemidziyo yekudzivirira kufashukira uye nekumisikidza kuvhara - mavharuvhu.

• Ventilation uye Exhaust Systems: Munzvimbo dzinoitwa cyanide - ine maoparesheni, mhepo inobudirira uye masystem emhepo anofanirwa kuiswa kuti ive nechokwadi chekunatswa uye kubviswa kwemagasi ane chepfu. Ventilation volume uye exhaust rate inofanira kusangana nezvinodiwa zvemazinga akakodzera kuchengetedza nzvimbo yekushanda yakachengeteka.

2.3 Safety Management System

• Kugadzwa kweMitemo Yekuchengetedza: Mabhizinesi emigodhi anofanirwa kumisa seti yakakwana yemirairo yekuchengetedza uye maitiro ekushanda eiyo cyanide murwi leaching process. Iyi mirairo inofanirwa kuvhara zvese zvekugadzira, kusanganisira kushanda kwemidziyo, kugadzirisa, cyanide manejimendi, uye mhinduro yekukurumidzira.

• Kudzidziswa kwevashandi: Vashandi vese vane chekuita necyanide heap leaching process vanofanirwa kuwana kudzidziswa kuchengetedza nguva nenguva. Zvinyorwa zvekudzidzisa zvinofanirwa kusanganisira zvivakwa uye njodzi dzecyanide, nzira dzekuchengetedza njodzi, maitiro ekupindura nechimbichimbi, uye kushandiswa kwemidziyo yekuzvidzivirira. Vashandi vanofanira kudzidziswa uye vanokwanisa vasati vabvumirwa kushanda.

• Kuchengetedza Kuongorora uye Kuongorora: Kugara kutariswa kuchengetedza uye kuongororwa kunofanirwa kuitwa mukugadzira maitiro. Kutarisisa zvinhu zvinosanganisira kusangana kwe cyanide mumhepo uye mhinduro, kuvimbika kweanti - seepage zvivakwa, uye mamiriro ekushanda kwemidziyo. Zvinyorwa zvekuongorora zvinofanira kuchengetwa kuti zvizoshandiswa mune ramangwana, uye chero njodzi dzekuchengeteka dzinowanikwa dzinofanira kugadziriswa nenguva.

3. Operation Technical Specifications

3.1 Ore Pretreatment

• Kupwanya uye Granulation: Zvicherwa zvakawanda zvinoda kupwanyiwa kusvika pakukura kwakakodzera murwi usati wadonha. Kazhinji, saizi yechidimbu inofanirwa kupwanyiwa kusvika pa25.4 mm kana kutsetseka kuti ibudise pachena goridhe riri muorivhi uye kugadzirisa chiyero chekudzosa goridhe. Kune ores ine kutadza kupinza uye yakakwira yevhu yemukati, tekinoroji yegranulation inogona kushandiswa. Munguva yegranulation, huwandu hwakakodzera hweraimu hunofanirwa kuwedzerwa kugadzirisa pH kukosha kweiyo ore kusvika pakati pe9.5 - 10.5. Panguva imwecheteyo, iyo concentration ye Sodium cyanide mukugadzira granulation kunofanirwa kudzorwa zvichienderana nehunhu hweore, kazhinji anenge 60 - 150 magiramu patani yegoridhe ore. Hunyoro hwese hwema pellets haufanire kudarika 30% kudzivirira mapeteti kubva akasununguka uye akapfava. Nguva yekurapa inofanira kunge inopfuura maawa makumi manomwe nemaviri. Kana kuchinaya panguva yepelletizing, ma pellets anofanirwa kuvharwa kudzivirira kurasikirwa kwegoridhe.

• Kudzora Hunhu hwePretreated Ore: Hunhu hweiyo pretreated ore inofanira kunyatsodzorwa. Nguva dzose sampling uye ongororo inofanira kuitwa kuona kuti particle size, pH value, uye zvimwe zviratidzo zvinosangana nezvinodiwa zvemurwi leaching process. Chete simbi yakacheneswa ndiyo inogona kushandiswa kugadzira mirwi.

3.2 Kuvaka Murwi

• Site Kugadzirira: Nzvimbo yacho isati yagadzirwa, inofanira kucheneswa uye kuenzaniswa. Nzvimbo yacho inofanira kutsveyamiswa ne3% - 5% kuti iite seyakaenzana kuitira kuti mvura ibude zvakanaka. Mushure mekuenzaniswa, mushonga wekudzivirira kuyerera kwemvura unofanira kuitwa panzvimbo yacho. Rutivi rwekutsveyamisa rune ukobvu hwe 0.5 m runogona kuiswa pahwaro hwacho, uye rwozopfapfaidzwa nesodium. kabhonimushonga wemvura unovandudza mashandiro awo ekudzivirira kubuda kwemvura.

• Murwi Hurefu uye Chimiro: Hurefu hwekutanga hwemurwi weore haufanire kunge hwakanyanya kukwirira, zviri nani 3 - 4 metres. Sezvo mwero wekudonha uchidzikama, kureba kwemurwi weore unogona kuwedzerwa zvakafanira. Chimiro chemurwi weore unofanirwa kugadzirwa kuti ive nechokwadi chekugovera mhinduro yakanaka uye kugona kwegasi. Kazhinji, conical kana nhanho-yakaumbwa murwi weore inowanzoshandiswa.

• Kukomberedza Kudzivirirwa: Migero yemvura yemafashamo inofanira kuiswa yakatenderedza nzvimbo inochenera murwi kudzivirira mvura inonaya kuti isapinde mumurwi wesimbi uye kunyungudutsa mvura inoyerera. Panguva imwe cheteyo, fenzi dzinodzivirira dzinofanira kuiswa dzakatenderedza murwi wesimbi kudzivirira vanhu vasina mvumo kuti vasapinda munzvimbo ine ngozi.

3.3 Kupfapfaidza Leaching

• Spray Concentration Control: The concentration of Sodium Cyanide mumushonga wekupfapfaidza unofanirwa kugadziridzwa zvinoenderana nedanho reLeaching. Padanho rekutanga reLeaching, nekuda kwekuumbwa kwakaomarara kwegoridhe ore, kuunganidzwa kwe sodium cyanide inogona kuwedzerwa zvakakodzera. Mushure menguva yepamusoro (apo iyo leaching goridhe yekumisikidza iri yepamusoro), inogona kuderedzwa kusvika 0.08% - 0.06%. Muchikamu chekupedzisira, inogona kuderedzwa kusvika 0.04% - 0.02%. Iyo sodium cyanide concentration inogona kugadziridzwa chero nguva zvichienderana nekuwanda kwegoridhe remvura ine pamuviri.

• Spray Cycle uye Kusimba: Nguva yekupfapfaidza inowanzova maawa manomwe kusvika masere pazuva, uye haifanirwe kudarika maawa gumi (asi huwandu hwacho hunofanira kuderedzwa). Kazhinji, nzira yekupfapfaidza ye "spray 1 stop 1" kana "spray 1 stop 2" inotorwa. Nguva yekupfapfaidza haifanirwe kunge yakareba zvakanyanya kuti dombo remurwi rikwanise kufema okisijeni kana risiri kupfapfaidza. Simba rekupfapfaidza rinofanira kudzorwa pa6 - 20 L/m²•h, uye simba guru harifanirwe kudarika 25 - 30 L/m²•h. Kana simba rekupfapfaidza rakakura zvakanyanya, huwandu hwemvura ine mimba huchawedzera, huwandu hwegoridhe huchaderedzwa, uye kugona kwekunyudzwa kwe Yakagadziriswa Carbon zvichakanganiswa.

3.4 Kudzoreredzwa kweGoridhe kubva kune Nhumbu Liquid

• Yakajairika Goridhe Recovery Nzira: Nzira dzakajairwa dzekutora goridhe kubva kucyanide - ine pamuviri pemvura inosanganisira kabhoni adsorption (senge kabhoni - mu - column nzira), zinc cementation (Merrill - Crowe nzira), uye solvent yekubvisa. Imwe neimwe nzira ine maitiro ayo uye chiyero chekushandisa. Semuyenzaniso, mune kabhoni - in - column process, cyanide leach solution inopombwa ichienda kumusoro kuburikidza nemakoramu pakuyerera kwe15 kusvika 25 gpm/ft², ichiyerera mubhedha wakazara weactivated kabhoni (16 × 30 mesh) kushambadza goridhe.

• Kushanda uye Kudzora kweGoridhe Recovery Equipment: Kushanda kwemidziyo yekudzoreredza goridhe kunofanirwa kunyatsoenderana nemaitiro ekushanda. Kugara uchiongorora uye kugadzirisa kwemidziyo kunofanirwa kuitwa kuti ive nechokwadi chekushanda kwayo kwakajairika. Parameters yakadai seye adsorption capacity ye activated carbon, kunaya kwemvura ye zinc poda, uye chiyero chekubvisa chesolvent inofanira kuongororwa uye kugadziriswa panguva yakakodzera kuti ivandudze goridhe rekudzorera chiyero.

3.5 Waste Ore Pile Treatment

• Disinfection yeWaste Ore Piles: Mushure mekupedzwa kweiyo leaching process, tsvina yemarara mirwi inofanirwa kuuraya utachiona kuderedza chepfu yeyakasara cyanide. Nzira dzakajairika dzekuuraya utachiona dzinosanganisira kushandiswa kweoxidants sehydrogen peroxide kana calcium hypochlorite. Iyo nguva yekuuraya hutachiona uye dosage inofanirwa kutariswa zvinoenderana nemamiriro chaiwo emarara ore mirwi kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti yakasara ye cyanide concentration inosangana nemamiriro ekunze ekuburitsa zviyero.

• Kuburutsa uye Kurasa Mapiritsi Emarara: Mushure mekuuraya hutachiona, marara emarara anogona kuburitswa uye kuraswa zvakanaka. Nzira yekurasa inofanira kuenderana nemitemo yezvakatipoteredza. Semuenzaniso, marara anogona kushandiswa kudzosera kumashure mumigodhi kana kutakurwa kuenda kunzvimbo yakatarwa yekurasa marara kunoraswa.

4. Emergency Response Matanho

4.1 Emergency Plan Establishment

Mabhizinesi emigodhi anofanirwa kugadzira hurongwa hwakakwana hwekupindura njodzi kune dzingangoita tsaona mucyanide heap leaching process, senge cyanide leakage, moto, uye kuputika. Urongwa hwechimbichimbi hunofanirwa kusanganisira masangano ekukurumidzira, mabasa enhengo yega yega, maitiro ekugadzirisa dambudziko, uye matanho ekununura.

4.2 Emergency Rescue Equipment uye Zvishandiso

Midziyo yekununura yekukurumidzira yakakwana uye zvinhu zvinofanirwa kugadzirirwa, semasiki egasi, zvipfeko zvekudzivirira zvemakemikari, kits yekutanga-yekubatsira, neutralizing agents yecyanide, uye moto - midziyo yekurwisa. Izvi midziyo uye zvinhu zvinofanirwa kugara zvichiongororwa uye kuchengetwa kuti zvive nechokwadi chekushandiswa kwazvo panguva yenjodzi.

4.3 Emergency Drills

Nguva dzose dhiraivha dzechimbichimbi dzinofanirwa kuitwa kuvandudza kugona kwekupindura kwechimbichimbi kwevashandi. Iyo yemukati yekudhirowa inofanirwa kuvhara akasiyana siyana anogona kuitika tsaona, senge cyanide leakage drills uye moto - kurwisa drills. Kuburikidza nezvibooreso zvechimbichimbi, vashandi vanogona kujairana nemaitirwo emhinduro dzechimbichimbi uye vanovandudza kugona kwavo kubata nenjodzi.

5. Mhedziso

Iko kuchengetedzwa kwekugadzirwa kwecyanide murwi leaching goridhe kudhirowa maitiro kwakakosha zvikuru. Nekunyatsoteedzera kuchengetedza kugadzirwa kwehunyanzvi hunyanzvi, kusimbisa manejimendi ekuchengetedza, uye kushandisa nzira dzesainzi dzekushanda, njodzi dzekuchengetedza muhurongwa hwekugadzira dzinogona kudzorwa zvinobudirira. Izvi hazvingovimbisi chete kuchengetedzeka uye hutano hwevashandi uye nharaunda yezvakatipoteredza asiwo zvinosimudzira kusimukira kwakasimba kweindasitiri yemigodhi yegoridhe. Mabhizinesi emigodhi anofanirwa kugara achichengeta chengetedzo mupfungwa uye nekuenderera mberi nekuvandudza mazinga ekugadzirwa kwekuchengetedza kuti azadzise chinangwa chekugadzirwa kwakachengeteka uye kwakanaka.