Kusiyana pakati peSodium Ferrocyanide uye Sodium Cyanide

Munzvimbo yemakemikari, Sodium Ferrocyanide uye Sodium Cyanide maumbirwo maviri ayo, zvisinei nekugovana mamwe maelementi ekuumbwa, ane hunhu hwakasiyana. Kunzwisisa misiyano iyi kwakakosha, kungave mumaindasitiri ekushandisa, tsvakiridzo yesainzi, kana kufunga nezvekuchengetedza.

Kemikari Zvimiro uye Mafomu

Sodium Ferrocyanide

Sodium ferrocyanide ine chimiro chemakemikari Na₄Fe(CN)₆. Iine simbi yepakati (Fe) atomu yakarongedzwa nematanhatu cyanide (CN) ligands, uye mana sodium (Na⁺) ions inoyera iyo yakazara yakaipa charge yeiyo yakaoma anion [Fe(CN)₆]⁴⁻. Mune iyo hydrated fomu, inowanzoita seNa₄Fe(CN)₆·10H₂O. Iyi yekubatanidza yakaoma inopa sodium ferrocyanide yakasarudzika makemikari uye emuviri zvimiro.

Sodium Cyanide

Sodium cyanide, ine formula NaCN, iri nyore ionic komboni. Iyo ine sodium ion (Na⁺) uye ion cyanide (CN⁻). Iyo cyanide ion imhando ine simba rekuita, iyo inobatsira zvakanyanya kune iyo komputa zvinhu, kunyanya huturu hwayo.

Proper Properties

Kuonekwa

Sodium ferrocyanide inowanzopa seyero crystalline solids. Iyo yero ruvara chimiro che ferrocyanide anion. Mukupesana ne, sodium cyanide inoratidzika seyakachena crystalline solids, kazhinji iri muchimiro chegranules kana upfu.

Solubility

Sodium ferrocyanide inonyungudika mumvura, asi isinganyunguriki mudoro. Kana yanyungudutswa mumvura, inopatsanuka kuita maion ayo, kusanganisira yakaoma [Fe(CN)₆]⁴⁻ anion. Sodium cyanide, kune rumwe rutivi, inonyungudika zvakanyanya mumvura uye zvakare inonyungudika mune mamwe polar solvents senge ethanol. Inoparadzaniswa nyore nyore mumvura kuburitsa sodium ion uye cyanide ions, icho chinhu chakakosha mukuita kwayo zvakare uye chepfu.

Kunyungudika uye Kubikira Points

Sodium ferrocyanide haina tsime-yakatsanangurwa kunyungudika mupfungwa yechinyakare. Kana ichipisa, inopera mvura. Semuenzaniso, inotanga kurasikirwa nemamorekuru emvura paanenge 50 ° C, uye pa81.5 ° C, inova anhydrous. Kuwedzera kupisa kusvika 435 ° C kunotungamirira pakuora kwayo. Sodium cyanide ine painonyungudika chaiyo inosvika 564°C uye painofashaira inosvika 1469°C. Aya mapoinzi akanyanya kunyungudika uye ari kufashaira anokonzerwa nekusimba kweionic zvisungo mukomboni.

Chemical Reactivity

Reactivity neAcids

Sodium ferrocyanide yakanyatsogadzikana muhupo hwe dilute, kwete - kudziyisa acids. Zvakadaro, kana ikaiswa kune yakamanikana, kufashaira asidhi, inogona kuora kuti ibudise mahara ehydrogen cyanide gasi. Semuyenzaniso, munzvimbo ine asidhi yakasimba, zvinotevera zvinogona kuitika: Na₄Fe(CN)₆ + 6H₂SO₄ (yakadzika, kuvira) → 6HCN + 2FeSO₄ + 3Na₂SO₄ + 6H₂O. Sodium cyanide inonyanya kushandiswa neasidhi. Kunyange maasidhi asina simba anogona kuita nawo kuti abudise gasi rehydrogen cyanide, rine muchetura zvakanyanya. Maonero acho ndeaya: NaCN + HCl → NaCl + HCN↑. Iyi yakakwirira reactivity ine acids inoita Sodium cyanide chinhu chine ngozi zvikuru pamberi pezvinhu zvine acidic.

Oxidation uye Kuderedza Reactions

Sodium ferrocyanide inogona kuoxidized pasi pemamwe mamiriro. Kana paine ma oxidizing agents akasimba, inogona kushandurwa kuita iron(III) complexes dzakadai seferricyanide. Semuenzaniso, reaction ine oxidant yakakodzera inogona kushandura [Fe(CN)₆]⁴⁻ kuita [Fe(CN)₆]³⁻. Sodium cyanide inogonawo kutora chikamu mu oxidation reactions. Kana paine oksijeni nezvimwe zvinokonzeresa, inogona kuoxidized kuita zvinhu zvisina chepfu. Semuenzaniso, kana paine hydrogen peroxide, reaction inogona kuva: NaCN + H₂O₂ → NaCNO + H₂O (kana hydrogen peroxide iri muhuwandu hushoma). Kuenderera mberi ne hydrogen peroxide yakawandisa kunogona kushandura sodium cyanate (NaCNO) kuita sodium bikabhoniate (NaHCO₃) uye ammonia (NH₃).

Complex Formation

Sodium ferrocyanide pachayo isanganiswa yakaoma. Inogona zvakare kuita pamwe nemamwe maion simbi kuti igadzire mitsva yekubatanidza. Semuenzaniso, kana ichiita nesimbi(III) munyu, inoumba yakadzika - yebhuruu pigment inozivikanwa sePrussian bhuruu, ine kemikari formula Fe₄[Fe(CN)₆]₃. Sodium cyanide inogonawo kugadzira macomplexes ane akasiyana simbi ions. Mukubviswa kwegoridhe nesirivha, semuenzaniso, sodium cyanide inoshandiswa kugadzira simbi inonyungudika - cyanide complexes. Ndarama (Au) inopindirana nesodium cyanide paine okisijeni kuumba iyoni yakaoma [Au(CN)₂]⁻: 4Au + 8NaCN + O₂ + 2H₂O → 4Na[Au(CN)₂] + 4NaOH.

Toxicity

Sodium Ferrocyanide

Pasinei neine cyanide ligands, sodium ferrocyanide ine huturu hwakaderera. Sangano reWorld Health Organization uye Food and Agriculture Organization yakasarudza kuti kugamuchirwa kwezuva nezuva kwe sodium ferrocyanide ndeye 0 - 0.025 mg / kg yehuremu hwemuviri. Chikonzero chehupfu hwayo hushoma ndechekuti cyanide ligands mu sodium ferrocyanide yakasungwa zvakasimba kune yepakati iron atomu mune yakaoma anion. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akajairwa, haiburitse mahara cyanide ions, ayo ari marudzi ane muchetura zvakanyanya. Zvisinei, pamberi peadhidhi yakasimba kana pasi pechiedza che ultraviolet, inogona kuora kuti ibudise hydrogen cyanide gas, iyo ine muchetura zvakanyanya.

Sodium Cyanide

Sodium cyanide ndechimwe chezvinhu zvine muchetura zvinozivikanwa. Ine chepfu yakanyanya kuvanhu nemhuka. Kana ikabatwa, kufemerwa, kana kunyura mukati meganda, sodium cyanide inogona kuburitsa cyanide ions (CN⁻) mumuviri. Aya maioni ecyanide anogona kusunga kumaatomu esimbi ari mucytochrome c oxidase, enzyme inobatanidzwa mukufema kwemasero. Kusunga uku kunotadzisa kuita kwe enzyme, kudzivirira masero kubva pakushandisa oxygen nemazvo, zvichiita kuti cellular asphyxiation. Kunyange zvishoma, zvakadai se 0.1 - 0.3 gramu, zvinogona kuuraya vanhu.

Applications

Sodium Ferrocyanide

• Food Industry: Munyika dzakawanda, kusanganisira United States neavo vari muEuropean Union, sodium ferrocyanide inoshandiswa seanti-caking agent mumunyu wetafura. Inobatsira kuchengetedza munyu wakasununguka - kuyerera nekudzivirira kuumbwa kwezviputi. Iyo yakanyanya kubvumidzwa muganho wesodium ferrocyanide mumunyu inosiyana nenharaunda asi inodzorwa zvakanyanya kuti ive nechokwadi chekuchengetedzwa.

• Maindasitiri Kunyorera: Inoshandiswa seyakagadzika yekupfekedza pane welding tsvimbo. Muindasitiri yepetroleum, inogona kushandiswa pakubvisa mercaptans, ayo ari sarufa - ane makomisheni anogona kukonzera kunhuhwirira kusingafadzi uye matambudziko ekuora.

• Kemikari Synthesis: Sodium ferrocyanide inogona kushandiswa sechinhu chekutanga mukugadzirwa kwemamwe maumbirwo akaoma uye pigment, sePrussian blue.

Sodium Cyanide

• Mining Indasitiri: Sodium cyanide inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukuchera goridhe nesirivha. Mune cyanidation process, goridhe uye sirivheri ores inobatwa neino dilute mhinduro ye sodium cyanide. Iyo goridhe nesirivha inonyungudika mune cyanide mhinduro sesimbi - cyanide complexes, iyo inogona kubva yapatsanurwa uyezve kugadziridzwa kuti iwane iyo yakachena simbi.

• Kemikari Synthesis: Inoshandiswa sechinhu chekutanga mukugadzirisa kwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwemakemikari. Semuenzaniso, inogona kushandiswa kuunza boka re cyanide (-CN) muma organic molecules, ayo anogona kuzoshandurwa zvakare kuva mamwe mapoka anoshanda senge carboxylic acids, amines, kana aldehydes kuburikidza neanotevera maitiro.

• electroplating: Mune electroplating maitiro, sodium cyanide inogona kushandiswa seyakaoma mumiriri. Inobatsira kudzora kuiswa kwesimbi ions pane substrate, kuve nechokwadi chekutsetseka uye yunifomu plating. Nekudaro, nekuda kwehupfu hwayo hwakanyanya, mamwe maitiro asiri e-cyanide electroplating ari kuwedzera kugadzirwa.

Kudzivirirwa uye Kubata

Sodium Ferrocyanide

Pakubata sodium ferrocyanide, yakajairika marabhoritari kana maindasitiri ekuchengetedza maitiro anofanirwa kuteverwa. Vashandi vanofanira kupfeka zvinhu zvinovadzivirira zvakakodzera, zvakadai semagirovhosi nemagirazi ekudzivirira ngozi. Kunyangwe iine muchetura wakaderera pasi pemamiriro akajairwa, inofanirwa kuchengetwa munzvimbo inotonhorera, yakaoma kure nemaasidhi nenzvimbo dze ultraviolet mwenje kudzivirira kuumbwa kwechepfu yehydrogen cyanide gasi. Muchiitiko chekusangana netsaona paganda kana maziso, nzvimbo inobatwa inofanira kunyatsogezwa nemvura, uye kurapwa kunofanira kutsvakwa kana kushatirwa kukaramba kuchiitika.

Sodium Cyanide

Kubata sodium cyanide kunoda matanho akasimba ekuchengetedza. Inorondedzerwa sechinhu chine muchetura zvakanyanya, uye kuchengetedza kwayo, kufambisa, uye kushandiswa kunodzorwa zvakasimba. Vashandi vanofanirwa kupfeka zvipfeko zvekudzivirira zvemhando yepamusoro, zvinosanganisira midziyo yekufema, masutu anodzivirira kemikari, uye magirovhosi. Sodium cyanide inofanira kuchengetwa munzvimbo yakachengetedzeka, inofefeterwa zvakanaka kure neasidhi, oxidizing agents, uye kunobva kupisa. Kana pakateuka kana kusunungurwa, kubviswa kwenzvimbo nekukurumidza kunodiwa, uye zvikwata zvekupindura zvechimbichimbi zvinofanirwa kudanwa. Maitiro ehunyanzvi, akadai sekushandisa hydrogen peroxide kudzikamisa sodium cyanide kana yadeuka, anofanirwa kuteverwa kudzikisa njodzi yekusangana nechepfu yehydrogen cyanide gasi.

Mukupedzisa, sodium ferrocyanide uye sodium cyanide, nepo zvese zvine cyanide - zvine hukama zvikamu, zvine misiyano yakakura mumakemikari zvimiro, zvemuviri nemakemikari zvimiro, huturu mazinga, maapplication, uye kuchengetedza zvinodiwa. Kunzwisisa kwakakodzera uye kubata kwemakomponi aya kwakakosha munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana kuve nechokwadi chekuchengetedza uye kushandiswa kunoshanda.