Iyo Yakakosha Basa reSodium Cyanide muElectroplating Maitiro

ziviso

Kuisa simbi mu electroplating inzira inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumaindasitiri yekuisa simbi yakatetepa pamusoro pe substrate kuburikidza nenzira dze electrochemical. Maitiro aya haangowedzere runako rwe substrate chete asi anovandudzawo kuramba kwayo ngura, kuramba kupfeka, uye zvimwe zvinhu zvemakanika. Sodium cyanide , chinhu chinoshanda zvakanyanya uye chine chepfu, chinoita basa rinokosha mukushandiswa kweElectroplating kwakawanda . Chinyorwa chino chinotarisa mabasa chaiwo uye kukosha kweSodium cyanide mu electroplating processes.

Complexing Agent Basa

Rimwe remabasa makuru eSodium Cyanide (NaCN) mukugadzira electroplating nderekushanda sechinhu chinosanganisa makemikari. Mumabhati ekugadzira electroplating, maion esimbi anobva mu plating solution anofanira kutakurwa kuenda pamusoro pe substrate kuti aiswe. Zvisinei, maion esimbi akasununguka mu solution anogona kukonzera kuiswa nekukurumidza uye kusina kufanana, zvichikonzera kuputirwa kusina kunaka. Sodium cyanide inobatana nemaion esimbi, akadai semhangura, zinc, goridhe, uye sirivha, kuti igadzire stable metal - cyanide complexes.

Semuenzaniso, mubhavhu re copper-electroplating, sodium cyanide inosanganiswa nema ions e copper. Copper-cyanide complex inobuda inogadzikana zvakanyanya mumhinduro kana ichienzaniswa nema ions e copper akasununguka. Kubatanidzwa uku kune mabhenefiti akati wandei. Chekutanga, kunoderedza kushanda kwema ions e metal mumhinduro, izvo zvinoderedzawo mwero wekuiswa. Mwero wekuiswa unononoka wakakosha kuti pave ne simbi yakatsetseka, yakafanana, uye inonamatira. Kana mwero wekuiswa wakakura zvakanyanya, maatomu e metal haana nguva yakakwana yekuzvironga zvakanaka pamusoro pe substrate, zvichikonzera kuti pave ne rough uye porous coating.

Chechipiri, iyo simbi - cyanide complexes inonyanya kunyungudika mune yeplating mhinduro. Uku kunyungudika kunyungudika kunovimbisa kuenderera mberi kweiyoni yesimbi kune cathode (iyo substrate iri kuputirwa) panguva ye electroplating process. Mune goridhe electroplating, kuumbwa kwegoridhe - cyanide complex inobvumira goridhe kuti rirambe riri mumhinduro uye rigoiswa zvakaenzana pane substrate.

Kugadzirisa Cathode Polarization

Sodium cyanide zvakare inokanganisa zvakanyanya cathode polarization mu electroplating. Cathode polarization (Cathode polarization) inoreva kushanduka kwekugona kwecathode panguva ye electroplating process nekuda kwe electrochemical reactions inoitika pamusoro payo. Iyo chaiyo nhanho ye cathode polarization yakakosha pakuwana yakakwirira-mhando deposits.

Kana sodium cyanide iripo mubhati re electroplating, inowedzera cathode polarization. Iyo cyanide ions inoshambadza pamusoro pecathode, ichigadzira chipingamupinyi chinotadzisa kufamba kwesimbi ioni kuenda kune cathode. Izvi zvinowedzera overpotential inodiwa kuti metal deposition reaction iitike. Somugumisiro, iyo ioni yesimbi inoiswa zvishoma nezvishoma uye nenzira inodzorwa.

Mune zinc - electroplating bath, semuenzaniso, kuvapo kwesodium cyanide sechinhu chinogadzirisa uye mhedzisiro yaro pa cathode polarization inotungamira kune yakatsetseka - yakaomeswa zinc deposit. Iyo yakawedzera cathode polarization inomanikidza zinc ions kuisa pamwero wakaderera, zvichivabvumira kuzvironga ivo pachavo nenzira yakarongeka pane substrate surface, nokudaro kunatsiridza kunaka kwe zinc coating.

Kusimudzira Anode Dissolution

Pamusoro pemigumisiro yayo pane cathode, sodium cyanide inoitawo basa mukusimudzira kuparara kweanode mu electroplating cell. Iyo anode ndiyo tsime resimbi ions mune electroplating process. Kuti irambe ichishanda uye inobudirira electroplating operation, anode inofanira kunyungudika pamwero wakatsiga kuzadza maion esimbi anopedzwa pacathode.

Sodium cyanide inobatsira mukuita uku nekugadzira simbi inonyungudika - cyanide complexes panzvimbo yeanode. Mumhangura - electroplating setup, iyo anode yemhangura inonyungudika kana ichiita ne sodium cyanide. Kuumbwa kwemhangura - cyanide complex panzvimbo yeanode inofambisa kuparara kwemhangura. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti kuita kwakaomarara kunobvisa maion emhangura kubva kune anode paanenge angoumbwa, kudzivirira kuvakwa - kumusoro kwepasi pasi pane anode. A passive layer inogona kuvharidzira kuwedzera anode dissolution uye kukanganisa maitiro e electroplating. Nekusimudzira kuparara kweanode, sodium cyanide inova nechokwadi chekuenderana kwekupihwa kwesimbi ion kune yekugezesa electroplating, kuchengetedza yakagadzikana plating process.

Zvishandiso mune Akasiyana Electroplating Maitiro

Goridhe uye Silver Electroplating

Sodium cyanide inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mugoridhe nesirivha electroplating. Muindasitiri yezvishongo, goridhe-yakapfava zvinhu zvinogadzirwa ne electroplating chidimbu chitete chegoridhe pachigadziko chesimbi semhangura kana sirivheri. Kushandiswa kwesodium cyanide mubhati yegoridhe-yekuputira kunobatsira mukuwana yakapenya, yakatsetseka, uye inonamira goridhe coating. Iyo yegoridhe - cyanide complex inoumbwa pamberi pe sodium cyanide inobvumira kunyatso kudzora pamusoro pekuiswa kwegoridhe, kuve nechokwadi chekuti iyo yakapfava layer ine ukobvu hunodiwa uye mhando.

Saizvozvo, mune sirivheri electroplating, sodium cyanide inoumba sirivheri - cyanide complexes, ayo akakosha kuti uwane yakakwira - yemhando yesirivha yekupfeka. Kushandiswa kwesodium cyanide mune aya akakosha simbi electroplating maitiro anga ari chiyero cheindasitiri kwenguva yakareba nekuda kwemhedzisiro yainoburitsa maererano nemhando yekuputira.

Copper Electroplating

Mumhangura electroplating, sodium cyanide inoshandiswa kugadzira mhangura - cyanide complexes. Izvi zvinonyanya kukosha mumashandisirwo apo kunoda kutsetseka uye kuomerera kwemhangura coating, senge mune zvemagetsi indasitiri yeplating akadhindwa edunhu mabhodhi. Iyo mhangura - cyanide complexes inoumbwa pamberi pe sodium cyanide inogonesa kuiswa kweyunifomu yemhangura layer, iyo yakakosha pakuona kwakakodzera kwemagetsi conductivity uye kuvimbika kwemapuranga edunhu.

Zinc Electroplating

Kunyangwe kuedza kuri kuitwa kugadzira isiri-cyanide zinc - electroplating process, sodium cyanide ichiri kushandiswa mune mamwe echinyakare zinc - electroplating yekugezera. Mu zinc electroplating, sodium cyanide inobatsira mukuomesa zinc ions kugadzira zinc - cyanide complexes. Uku kuomarara hakungokanganisa chiyero chekuisa uye kunaka kweiyo zinc coating asi zvakare inobatsira mukudzora kuumbwa kwejasi. Semuenzaniso, mu zingi - alloy electroplating (senge zingi - nickel kana zingi - iron alloys), kuvapo kwesodium cyanide kunogona kukanganisa chiyero chesimbi dzakasiyana mune alloy dhipoziti, iyo inozokanganisa maitiro ekupedzisira kunyura, senge ngura kuramba uye kuoma.

Mafungiro Ezvakatipoteredza uye Kuchengetedzwa

Kunyange hazvo sodium cyanide ichishanda zvakanyanya mukuita ma electroplating processes, zvakakosha kuziva kuti imushonga une chepfu yakanyanya. Kunyangwe sodium cyanide shoma inogona kuuraya kana ikadyiwa, ikafemerwa, kana kunyudzwa neganda. Saka, matanho akasimba ekuchengetedza anofanira kushandiswa munzvimbo dzinoshandisa sodium cyanide. Vashandi vanobata sodium cyanide vanofanira kudzidziswa zvakanaka uye kugadzirirwa michina yekudzivirira, kusanganisira magirovhosi, magogorosi, uye dziviriro yekufema.

Pamusoro pezvo, kuraswa kwetsvina ine sodium cyanide kana maitiro ayo zvigadzirwa zvinofanirwa kutariswa nekuchenjera kudzivirira kusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza. Cyanide - ine tsvina kubva kune electroplating maitiro inoda kurapwa kubvisa kana kubvisa cyanide isati yabudiswa. Nzira dzekurapa dzakajairika dzinosanganisira makemikari oxidation (uchishandisa oxidizing ejenti seklorini kana hydrogen peroxide) kushandura cyanide kuita ine muchetura zvishoma.

mhedziso

Sodium cyanide inoita basa rakawanda uye rakakosha mukuita kwe electroplating. Sechinhu chinoumba simbi, inoumba simbi yakagadzika - cyanide complexes iyo inovandudza kunyungudika uye kutakura kwesimbi ions mubhati rekuputira, zvichiita kuti iwedzere yunifomu uye inonamatira masimbi ekuputira. Inogadzirisawo cathode polarization uye inosimudzira kuparara kweanode, izvo zviri zviviri zvakakosha pakuita kwakatsetseka uye kunoshanda kwe electroplating. Pasinei nehuturu hwayo, kana ichishandiswa nekuchengetedza kwakaringana uye nekuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza, sodium cyanide inoramba iri chinhu chakakosha mune akawanda electroplating maapplication, kunyanya mukuiswa kwesimbi dzinokosha uye mukuwana yakakwirira-yemhando yekupfeka kune akasiyana maindasitiri uye ekushongedza zvinangwa. Nekudaro, tsvakiridzo inoenderera mberi yakanangana nekugadzira imwe nzira, yakawedzera hushamwari nharaunda electroplating maitiro kudzikisa kuvimba neiyi muchetura musanganiswa.