Tinofanira Kudzorera Sei Goridhe neSodium Cyanide?

ziviso

The recovery of gold using sodium cyanide inzira yakagamuchirwa nevakawanda mumigodhi uye maindasitiri anokosha esimbi. Cyanide ine yakasarudzika kugona kugadzira soluble complexes negoridhe, iyo inobvumira kubviswa kwegoridhe kubva kwakasiyana masosi, senge yakaderera-giredhi ores, tailings, uye imwe marara emagetsi. Nekudaro, nekuda kweiyo yakanyanya toxicity ye cyanide, iyi nzira inofanira kuitwa nekuchenjerera kwakanyanya uye kunyatsoteerera kuchengetedza uye mitemo yezvakatipoteredza.

Nheyo yeKudzoreredza Goridhe neSodium Cyanide

Mumamiriro ayo echisikigo, goridhe rinowanzo kuwanikwa rakasanganiswa nemamwe mamineral mumatombo. Rini Sodium Cyanide inounzwa kune goridhe - inotakura ore, kemikari reaction inoitika. Pamberi peokisijeni nemvura, goridhe rinosangana ne cyanide kuumba musanganiswa unonyungudika. Kuita uku kunonyungudisa goridhe mukati memushonga wecyanide, kuchipatsanura kubva kune mamwe maminerari asinganyungudika ari muorivhi.

Nhanho-ne-Nhanho Maitiro

Ore Preparation

1. Kupwanya uye Kukuya: Nhanho yekutanga inosanganisira kuderedza ukuru hwesimbi. Makuru machunks anotanga kupwanywa kuita zvidimbu zvidiki uchishandisa macrusher. Zvadaro, ore yakapwanyika inokuyiwa kuita hupfu hwakatsetseka muzvigayo. Izvi zvinowedzera pamusoro penzvimbo yematombo, zvichiita kuti pave nekubatana kwakanaka pakati pegoridhe - rine zvimedu nemushonga wecyanide. Semuyenzaniso, mumugodhi wegoridhe chaiwo, simbi inogona kupwanyiwa kusvika pasaizi isingasviki 10 mm panguva yekupwanya kwekutanga uye yobva yatsikwa kusvika pakukura uko 80% yezvidimbu zviri pasi pe75 micrometer padanho rekukuya.

2. Pre - kurapwa (kana zvichidikanwa): Kana iyo ore ine sulfide zvicherwa kana kumwe kusvibiswa kunogona kukanganisa cyanide leaching nzira, pre-kurapa inova yakakosha. Semuyenzaniso, kana paine huwandu hwakakura hwe pyrite mu ore, inogona kushandisa oxygen necyanide, zvichideredza kugona kwekuchera goridhe. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, ore inogona kugochwa kana bio-oxidation. Kugocha kunosanganisira kudziyisa ore pamberi pemhepo kuti iite oxidize zvicherwa zve sulfide, ukuwo bio-oxidation inoshandisa mabhakitiriya chaiwo kuti oxidize zvicherwa zve sulfide pane tembiricha yakaderera nenzira ine hushamwari.

Leaching

1. Cyanide Solution Kugadzirira: A dilute solution ye Sodium cyanide yakagadzirirwa. Iko kusanganiswa kweiyo cyanide mhinduro kunowanzo kubva pa0.05% kusvika 0.2% (w/v), zvichienderana nehunhu hwesimbi uye negoridhe. Lime inowanzowedzerwa kune cyanide solution kugadzirisa pH kusvika kune 10 - 11. Iyi alkaline nharaunda inobatsira kudzivirira kuumbwa kwechepfu yehydrogen cyanide gasi uye inokurudzirawo kuparara kwegoridhe.

2. Leaching Process: Ore yepasi inozosanganiswa nemushonga wecyanide mumatangi makuru kana kuburikidza nemurwi-leaching setup. Mutangi leaching, iyo ore - cyanide musanganiswa inozungunuswa, ingave muchina kana nejekiseni remhepo, kuve nechokwadi chekubatana kwakanaka pakati pegoridhe - inotakura zvimedu necyanide, nekudaro ichiwedzera chiyero chekuita. Mumurwi wekucheka, izvo zvinonyanya kukodzera kune yakaderera - giredhi ore, yakapwanyika ore inotutira parinhi isingapindire, uye mushonga wecyanide unopfapfaidzwa pamusoro pemurwi. Mushonga wacho unopinda mumatombo, uchinyungudutsa ndarama sezvainofambira mberi. Iyo leaching process inogona kugara chero kubva maawa akati wandei kusvika mazuva akati wandei, zvichienderana nezvinhu zvakaita serudzi rweore, saizi yechidimbu, uye mamiriro ekudonha.

Kuparadzaniswa kweSolids uye Liquids

Kutevera maitiro ekuchenesa, slurry inoguma ine tsvina yakasimba (tailings) uye mhinduro ine goridhe - cyanide compound. Kupatsanura zvinhu zvakasimba uye zvemvura zvakakosha. Izvi zvinogona kuitwa nenzira dzakadai sefiltration kana sedimentation. Mukusefa, slurry inopfuudzwa kuburikidza nesefa midhiya, senge machira esefa kana mafirita. Iyo yakaoma tailings inochengetwa pane sefa, nepo mhinduro yakajeka, inozivikanwa seyakazvitakura mhinduro, iyo ine goridhe yakanyungudika, inopfuura. Sedimentation inosanganisira kubvumira zvimedu zvakasimba kuti zvigare pasi petangi nekuda kwegiravhiti. Mvura ine simba guru, mushonga wepamuviri, unogona kubva wanyatsodirwa.

Goridhe Kudzoreredza kubva kune Yepamuviri Solution

1. Zinc Precipitation (Merrill - Crowe Process): Imwe nzira yakajairika yekudzoreredza goridhe kubva kune pamuviri mhinduro ndeye zinc kunaya. Zinc guruva kana zinc shavings inowedzerwa kune mhinduro. Sezvo zinc ichinyanya kuita simba kupfuura goridhe, inobvisa goridhe kubva mukomboni yegoridhe - cyanide. Goridhe rinobva radonha sechinhu chakasimba, pamwe chete nezvimwe zvitsvina. Mushure mekuita, iyo yakasimba precipitate inosefa uye zvakare inogadziriswa. Goridhe rinobuda - rine yakasimba rinobva ranyungudutswa kuti riwane goridhe chairo.

2. Activated Carbon Adsorption (Carbon - in - Pulp/CIP neCarbon - in - Leach/CIL): Mukuita kweCIP, inovhurwa kabhoni inowedzerwa mutsvina mushure mechikamu chekubviswa kwemvura. Kabhoni inoshandiswa, ine nzvimbo yayo yepamusoro, inosveta gold-cyanide compound kubva mumushonga. Kabhoni inoshandiswa mugoridhe inobva yaparadzaniswa netsvina nekuongorora. Mukuita kweCIL, kabhoni inoshandiswa inowedzerwa panguva yekubviswa kwayo pachayo. Kabhoni yakazara negoridhe inozobviswa kubva musystem. Goridhe rinogona kutorwa kubva mukabhoni uchishandisa mushonga wakasimba wecyanide kana zvimwe zvinoburitsa mvura. Mushure mekubvisa, goridhe rinogona kutorwa kubva mumushonga wekubvisa kuburikidza nenzira dzakadai se electrowinning kana kuwedzera kunaya kwemvura.

Refening

Iyo goridhe inowanikwa mushure mekunaya kana adsorption kazhinji haina kuchena, ine tsvina semamwe simbi uye asiri - simbi. Kuti uwane yakakwirira-yakachena goridhe (kazhinji 99.9% kana kupfuura), nzira dzekunatsa dzinoshandiswa. Imwe nzira yakajairika yekunatsa ndeye electrolytic refining. Mukuita uku, goridhe rakasviba rinoiswa seanode musero re electrolytic, uye cathode yegoridhe yakachena inoshandiswa. Electrolyte yakakodzera, yakadai semhinduro yegoridhe chloride, inoshandiswa. Kana magetsi achipfuura nemusero, goridhe iri muanode inonyungudika uye inoisa pane cathode. Izvo zvisina kuchena zvinogona kuramba zviri mu electrolyte kana kuumba sludge pasi pesero.

Chengetedzo uye Mafungiro Ezvakatipoteredza

1. Toxicity yeCyanide: Sodium cyanide ine muchetura zvakanyanya. Kufemba, kupinza, kana kubata ganda necyanide kunogona kuuraya. Kuvhiya kwese kunosanganisira cyanide kunofanirwa kuitirwa munzvimbo dzine mhepo inofefetera, uye vashandi vanofanirwa kupfeka midziyo yekudzivirira yakafanira, zvinosanganisira kufema, magurovhosi, uye zvipfeko zvekudzivirira. Zvirongwa zvekupindura zvechimbichimbi zvinofanirwa kunge zviripo kana cyanide ichirasika kana kubuda.

2. Kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza: Cyanide inogona kukuvadza kune zvakatipoteredza kana isina kutarisirwa zvakanaka. Mitsara kubva ku kupora kwegoridhe process inogona kunge iine yasara cyanide. Aya machira anofanirwa kuchengetwa munzvimbo dzakachengeteka kudzivirira kuburitswa kwecyanide munzvimbo. Nzira dzekurapa, dzakadai semakemikari oxidation kana kuparara kwebiological, dzinogona kushandiswa kuputsa cyanide mumisara isati yaburitswa kana kuraswa. Pamusoro pezvo, kutarisisa kwakasimba kwezvitubu zvemvura padyo nekudzoreredza goridhe mabasa kwakakosha kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti hapana kusvibiswa kwecyanide kunoitika.

mhedziso

Kushandiswa kwesodium cyanide kudzorera goridhe inzira yakaoma asi inoshanda. Zvinosanganisira matanho akawanda, kubva pakugadzirira ore kusvika kudzoreredza goridhe uye kunatsa. Kunyange ichipa yakakwira-inoshanda nzira yekuburitsa goridhe kubva kwakasiyana masosi, iyo yakabatana chengetedzo nenjodzi dzezvakatipoteredza dzinofanirwa kuchengetedzwa nemazvo. Nekutevera maitiro akakodzera, kushandisa tekinoroji yakakodzera, uye kutevedzera mirau, indasitiri yekudzoreredza goridhe inogona kuramba ichishanda nenzira yakagadzikana uye ine mutoro.