Ukuchazwa kokusetyenziswa koKhuseleko kweSodium Cyanide

intshayelelo

Sodium i-cyanide (I-NaCN) yikhompawundi yeekhemikhali ezinetyhefu kakhulu esetyenziswa kakhulu kumashishini ahlukeneyo, afana nokwembiwa kwegolide, i-electroplating, kunye ne-chemical synthesis. Ngenxa yobutyhefu obugqithisileyo, imigaqo yokhuseleko engqongqo kufuneka ithotyelwe ngexesha lokuphatha, ukugcinwa, ukuthuthwa, kunye nokusetyenziswa ukukhusela impilo yabantu kunye nokusingqongileyo. Eli nqaku libonelela ngezikhokelo ezibanzi kwi Ukusetyenziswa okukhuselekileyo of Isodium cyanide.

Ukuqonda iiPropati zeSodium Cyanide

I-sodium cyanide imhlophe, amanzi-eqinileyo enyibilikayo eneempawu zesiseko esomeleleyo esiphakathi. Inetyhefu kakhulu kwaye inokubangela ingozi ebulalayo ebantwini. Ukuphefumla, ukungeniswa, okanye ukudibana nesikhumba Isodium cyanide kunokukhokelela kwityhefu ebukhali. Ithintela i-enzymes yokuphefumula, okukhokelela kwi-intracellular asphyxiation. Nokuba idosi yomlomo encinci ye-50 - 100mg inokubangela ukufa ngequbuliso. Ukongeza, nini sodium cyanide idibana neeasidi, ivelisa irhasi eyihydrogen cyanide enetyhefu kakhulu nenokutsha.

Ukuthotyelwa koMthetho

IMimiselo yeSizwe neyamazwe ngamazwe

Amazwe ehlabathini lonke amisele imimiselo engqongqo yokuveliswa, ukugcinwa, ukuthutha nokusetyenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide. Ngokomzekelo, eUnited States, i-Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) imisele imigangatho ethile malunga nemida yokuvezwa kunye neenkqubo zokhuseleko zokuphatha. iicyanides. Kwi-European Union, umgaqo we-REACH (uBhaliso, uVavanyo, uGunyaziso kunye noThintelo lweMichiza) ulawula ukusetyenziswa ngokukhuselekileyo kwezinto ezinobungozi ezinjalo. E-China, "iMimiselo yoLawulo loKhuseleko lweMichiza enobungozi" ibeka ulawulo olungqongqo kuzo zonke iinkalo zokuphatha i-sodium cyanide.

Amaphepha-mvume kunye neMvume

Zonke izigqeba ezibandakanyekayo kwimveliso, ukugcinwa, ukuthutha, okanye ukusetyenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide kufuneka ifumane iimvume eziyimfuneko kunye neelayisensi ngokuhambelana nemimiselo yendawo. Ezi mvume ziqinisekisa ukuba amaziko kunye nemisebenzi iyahlangabezana nemigangatho efunekayo yokhuseleko kunye nemigangatho yokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo.

Izilumkiso zoKhuseleko kwiiNqanaba ezahlukeneyo

yoGcino

1. Ukukhetha indawo: Isodium cyanide kufuneka igcinwe kwindawo ezinikeleyo, engenamoya, nendawo yokugcina epholileyo. Indawo yokugcina kufuneka ibe kude nemithombo yobushushu, ukuvutha, kunye nezinto ezingahambelaniyo. Kufuneka kwakhona ibekwe kwindawo ekungafikeleli kuyo lula kubasebenzi abangagunyaziswanga.

2. Iimfuno zesikhongozeli: Sebenzisa izikhongozeli ezinganyangekiyo nezivalwe ngokuqinileyo ezenziwe ngezinto ezifanelekileyo. Kwisodium cyanide eqinileyo, amagubu entsimbi angqindilili okanye izikhongozeli zeplastiki ezineziciko ezikhuselekileyo zidla ngokusetyenziswa. Kwizisombululo ze-sodium cyanide, iitanki zokugcina kufuneka zenziwe ngezinto ezichasene ne-alkaline corrosion, njengamabakala athile ensimbi engenasici okanye iitanki ezikhethekileyo zeplastiki. Izikhongozeli mazibhalwe ngokucacileyo "Poison" kunye "Sodium Cyanide" kunye neesimboli ezinobungozi ezifanelekileyo.

3. Imiqathango yoGcino: Gcina indawo eyomileyo kwindawo yokugcina, njengoko umswakama unokukhawulezisa ukuthotywa kwe-sodium cyanide kunye nokwandisa umngcipheko wokuvelisa igesi ye-hydrogen cyanide. Ukufuma okunxulumene nendawo yokugcina kufuneka kugcinwe ngaphantsi kwe-80%. Kwakhona, qinisekisa ukungena komoya okufanelekileyo ukuthintela ukufumba kwazo naziphi na iigesi ezinokuvuza.

4. Ukwahlulwa kwizinto ezingahambelaniyo: I-sodium cyanide kufuneka igcinwe ngokwahlukileyo kwi-acids, i-oxidizing agents, kunye nezinye iikhemikhali ezinokusabela ngayo ukuvelisa iimveliso ezinobungozi. Umzekelo, ukuyigcina kufutshane neeasidi kunokukhokelela ekuyilweni kwegesi eyityhefu yehydrogen cyanide.

uthutho

1. Packaging: Ukupakishwa kokuthutha i-sodium cyanide kufuneka ihlangabezane nemigangatho engqongqo. Ukupakishwa kwangaphandle kufuneka kube namandla ngokwaneleyo ukumelana nokuphathwa okuqhelekileyo ngexesha lokuthutha kunye nokukhusela isitya sangaphakathi emonakalweni. Izikhongozeli zangaphakathi kufuneka zivuze – zingqineke kwaye zitywinwe ngokukhuselekileyo. Ukupakishwa kwakhona kufuneka kubhalwe ngokucacileyo igama lekhemikhali, izilumkiso zengozi, kunye neenkcukacha zoqhagamshelwano ngexesha likaxakeka.

2. Izithuthi zoThutho: Sebenzisa izithuthi ezikhethekileyo zothutho ezenzelwe ukuthwala imichiza eyingozi. Ezi zithuthi kufuneka zixhotyiswe nge-spill - containment systems, Impendulo engxamisekileyo izixhobo zokusebenza, kunye nokungena komoya okufanelekileyo. Isithuthi kufuneka sibonise iimpawu ezifanelekileyo ezilumkisa ngengozi njengoko kufunwa yimimiselo yezothutho.

3. Uqeqesho lwabaqhubi: Abaqhubi abahambisa i-sodium cyanide kufuneka baqeqeshwe ngokukodwa ekuphatheni izinto ezinobungozi. Bamele baqhelane neempawu ze-sodium cyanide, iinkqubo zokuphendula ngokukhawuleza kwimeko yokuchitheka okanye ingozi, kunye nemimiselo yokuthutha efanelekileyo.

4. UCwangciso lweNdlela: Cwangcisa indlela yothutho kwangethuba ukuphepha iindawo ezixineneyo, iindawo zokuhlala, kunye neendawo ezinomngcipheko omkhulu weengozi. Yazisa amagunya asekuhlaleni malunga nokuthuthwa kwe-sodium cyanide, ngakumbi xa udlula kwiindawo ezibuthathaka.

Ukuphatha kunye nokusetyenziswa

1.IziXhobo zoKhuseleko zoMntu (PPE):

• Ukukhuselwa ngokuphefumla: Abaqhubi kufuneka banxibe ukhuseleko olufanelekileyo lokuphefumla, olufana ne-respirator epheleleyo yobuso kunye ne-high-effective particulate air (HEPA) filter kunye ne-canister evunyiweyo yokukhusela i-cyanide. Kwiindawo ezinobungozi obuphezulu okanye xa kunokwenzeka ukuba sesichengeni esikhulu, izixhobo zokuphefumla ezizimeleyo (SCBA) zinokufuneka.

• Ukukhuselwa Kwamehlo: Nxiba izibuko zekhemikhali okanye isikhuseli sobuso ukukhusela amehlo kwi-splashes okanye uthuli lwamasuntswana e-sodium cyanide.

• Ukukhuselwa kwesikhumba: Sebenzisa iiglavu ezinganyangekiyo ezenziwe ngemathiriyeli efana nerabha ye-butyl okanye i-nitrile, kunye nezigqubuthelo ezinokumelana neekhemikhali okanye iifaskoti. Qinisekisa ukuba iPPE ikwimeko entle kwaye ingena ngokufanelekileyo.

2.Umiselo lweNdawo yokuSebenza:

• komoya: Indawo yokusebenza apho i-sodium cyanide iphathwa khona kufuneka ibe ne-ventilation egqwesileyo. Imixokelelwano yokukhupha umoya yasekuhlaleni kufuneka ifakwe ukuze ibambe nawuphi na umsi okanye uthuli oluveliswa ngexesha lokuphatha. Ukungenisa umoya jikelele kwigumbi kufuneka kwanele ukugcina umgangatho womoya.

• Izixhobo eziNgxamisekileyo: Babonelele ngezixhobo zongxamiseko ezifikeleleka lula, njengezikhululo zokuhlamba amehlo, iishawara zokhuseleko, kunye nezixhobo zoncedo lokuqala. Izikhululo zokuhlamba amehlo kunye neeshawari zokhuseleko kufuneka zivavanywe rhoqo ukuqinisekisa ukuba zisebenza ngokufanelekileyo.

• Spill Containment: Yiba nezixhobo zokuchitha kunye nezixhobo esandleni, ezifana neephedi zokufunxa, isanti, kunye nezixhobo zokulawula ezivuzayo. Chonga indawo ethile yokucoca inkunkuma kwaye uqinisekise ukuba abasebenzi bayayazi indlela yokusebenzisa ezi mathiriyeli ngokufanelekileyo.

3.IiNkqubo zokuSebenza:

• Ukuphatha iSodium Cyanide eqinile: Sebenzisa izixhobo ezifanelekileyo, ezifana ne-scoops okanye i-tongs, ukuphatha i-sodium cyanide eqinile. Kuphephe ukuvelisa uthuli, njengoko ukuphefumla uthuli lwecyanide kuyingozi kakhulu. Xa ulinganisa i-sodium cyanide, sebenzisa isikali sokulinganisa kwindawo enomoya opholileyo kunye nendawo evalelweyo, ngokukhethekileyo i-fume hood.

• Ukulungiselela Izisombululo: Xa ulungiselela izisombululo ze-sodium cyanide, yongeza i-sodium cyanide eqinile ngokukhawuleza kwi-solvent (ngokuqhelekileyo amanzi), ngelixa uvuselela ngobumnene. Yenza oku kwindawo engena umoya kwaye ulandele umlinganiselo ocetyiswayo wokuxuba ngononophelo. Ungaze ungeze amanzi kwi-sodium cyanide eqinile, njengoko oku kunokubangela ukusabela ngobundlobongela.

• Ulawulo lokusabela: Ngexesha lokuphendula kweekhemikhali ezibandakanya i-sodium cyanide, lawula ngokungqongqo iimeko zokusabela ezifana nobushushu, i-pH, kunye nexesha lokuphendula. Sebenzisa izixhobo ezifanelekileyo zokubeka iliso ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukusabela kuqhubeka njengoko kulindelekile kwaye akuphumeleli ekukhutshweni kweegesi ezinetyhefu.

Ukukhupha inkunkuma

1. Ukwahlulahlula: Yahlula inkunkuma yesodium cyanide kwezinye iintlobo zenkunkuma. Musa ukuyixuba nenkunkuma yeekhemikhali ngokubanzi okanye inkunkuma engeyongozi. Bhala izikhongozeli zenkunkuma ngokucacileyo njenge "Sodium Cyanide Waste" kwaye ubonise uhlobo lwenkunkuma (eqinile, engamanzi, njl. njl.).

2. impatho: Inkunkuma yesodium cyanide kufuneka icocwe ukuze ingabinabungozi phambi kokuba ilahlwe. Oku kunokubandakanya iindlela zokwelapha iikhemikhali, ezifana ne-oxidation kunye ne-hypochlorite okanye ezinye ii-oxidizing agents ezifanelekileyo, ukuguqula i-cyanide kwiikhompawundi ezinobuthi obuncinci. Inkunkuma ecociweyo kufuneka emva koko ivavanywe ukuqinisekisa ukuba amanqanaba ecyanide angaphakathi kwemida eyamkelekileyo yokulahlwa.

3. Ukulahlwa ngamaZiko avunyiweyo: Lahla inkunkuma yesodium cyanide ngokusebenzisa izibonelelo ezivunyiweyo zokulahla inkunkuma eyingozi. Ezi zixhobo zinobuchule kunye nezixhobo zokuphatha kunye nokulahla inkunkuma enetyhefu ngendlela ekhuselekileyo yokusingqongileyo. Musa ukulahla inkunkuma yesodium cyanide kwimijelo ehambisa amanzi amdaka, kwindawo yokulahla inkunkuma, okanye kwimithombo yamanzi.

Ukuphendula ngokukhawuleza

1. IziCwangciso eziNgxamisekileyo: Phuhlisa isicwangciso esibanzi sokuphendula ngokukhawuleza esibandakanya iinkqubo zokuphatha ukuchithwa, ukuvuza, imililo, kunye neziganeko zokuvezwa ezibandakanya i-sodium cyanide. Isicwangciso kufuneka sichaze ngokucacileyo iindima kunye noxanduva lwabo bonke abasebenzi ababandakanyekayo kwimpendulo yongxamiseko.

2. Uqeqesho kunye noQeqesho: Ukuqhuba uqeqesho oluqhelekileyo lokuphendula ngokukhawuleza kubo bonke abasebenzi abanokubandakanyeka ekuphatheni i-sodium cyanide. Yenza ii-drills ezingxamisekileyo ngamaxesha athile ukuqinisekisa ukuba abasebenzi bayazazi iindlela zokusabela kwaye banokuthatha amanyathelo ngokukhawuleza nangempumelelo kwimeko kaxakeka.

3. Okokuqala - Amanyathelo oNcedo: Ukubonelela ngoqeqesho lokuqala kubasebenzi malunga nendlela yokusabela kwi-sodium cyanide exposure. Kwimeko ye-inhalation, ngokukhawuleza hambisa umntu ochaphazelekayo emoyeni omtsha. Ukuba umntu utyile i-sodium cyanide, musa ukuhlanza, kodwa biza uncedo lwezonyango olungxamisekileyo ngokukhawuleza. Ukunxibelelana kwesikhumba, susa iimpahla ezingcolileyo kwaye uhlambe indawo echaphazelekayo ngamanzi amaninzi ubuncinane ubuncinane be-15 - 20 imizuzu. Kwimeko yokudibana kwamehlo, gubha amehlo ngamanzi amaninzi ubuncinane imizuzu eyi-15.

4. Isaziso: Kwimeko engxamisekileyo ebandakanya i-sodium cyanide, ngokukhawuleza yazisa ii-arhente zendawo zokusabela ngokukhawuleza, ezifana nesebe lomlilo, ii-arhente zokukhusela indalo kunye namaziko okulawula ubuthi. Banike ulwazi oluchanekileyo malunga nobume nobungakanani besiganeko.

isiphelo

Ukusetyenziswa ngokukhuselekileyo kwe-sodium cyanide kubaluleke kakhulu ngenxa yetyhefu egqithisileyo. Ngokuthobela ngokungqongqo iimfuno zolawulo, ukuphumeza amanyathelo afanelekileyo okhuseleko kwindawo yokugcina, ukuthutha, ukuphatha, ukusetyenziswa, kunye nokulahlwa kwenkunkuma, kunye nezicwangciso ezisebenzayo zokuphendula ngokukhawuleza, iingozi ezinxulumene ne-sodium cyanide zingancitshiswa kakhulu. Bonke abantu kunye nemibutho echaphazelekayo kwi-lifecycle ye-sodium cyanide kufuneka bazibophezele ekugcineni imigangatho ephezulu yokhuseleko ukukhusela ubomi babantu kunye nokusingqongileyo.