Ukuchazwa kokusetyenziswa koKhuseleko kweSodium Cyanide

intshayelelo

I-Sodium cyanide (NaCN) yikhemikhali enobungozi kakhulu esetyenziswa kakhulu kumashishini ahlukeneyo, njengokwemba igolide, ukufakelwa kwe-electroplating, kunye nokuhlanganiswa kweekhemikhali. Ngenxa yobutyhefu bayo obugqithisileyo, kufuneka kulandelwe imigaqo engqongqo yokhuseleko ngexesha lokuphathwa kwayo, ukugcinwa kwayo, ukuthuthwa kwayo, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo ukukhusela impilo yabantu kunye nokusingqongileyo. Eli nqaku libonelela ngezikhokelo ezipheleleyo malunga nokusetyenziswa ngokukhuselekileyo kwe -Sodium cyanide.

Ukuqonda iiPropati zeSodium Cyanide

I-Sodium cyanide sisithako esimhlophe, esinyibilikayo emanzini esineempawu zesiseko esomeleleyo ngokulinganayo. Sinobuthi kakhulu kwaye sinokubangela ingozi ebulalayo ebantwini. Ukuphefumla, ukuginya, okanye ukudibana nolusu ne- Sodium Cyanide kunokukhokelela kwityhefu ebukhali. Ithintela ii-enzymes zokuphefumla, nto leyo ebangela ukufuthaniseka ngaphakathi kweseli. Nokuba idosi encinci yomlomo ye-50 - 100mg inokubangela ukufa ngequbuliso. Ukongeza, xa i-sodium cyanide idibana nee-asidi, ivelisa igesi ye-hydrogen cyanide enobuthi kakhulu netshayo.

Ukuthotyelwa koMthetho

IMimiselo yeSizwe neyamazwe ngamazwe

Amazwe kwihlabathi liphela amisele imigaqo engqongqo yokuveliswa, ukugcinwa, ukuthuthwa, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide. Umzekelo, eMelika, i-Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) imisele imigangatho ethile malunga nemida yokuvezwa kunye neenkqubo zokhuseleko zokuphatha i- cyanides . Kwi-European Union, umthetho we-REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals) ulawula ukusetyenziswa ngokukhuselekileyo kwezi zinto ziyingozi. E-China, "iMigqaliselo yoLawulo loKhuseleko lweeChemical eziyingozi" ibeka ulawulo olungqongqo kuyo yonke into yokuphathwa kwe-sodium cyanide.

Amaphepha-mvume kunye neMvume

Zonke izigqeba ezibandakanyekayo kwimveliso, ukugcinwa, ukuthutha, okanye ukusetyenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide kufuneka ifumane iimvume eziyimfuneko kunye neelayisensi ngokuhambelana nemimiselo yendawo. Ezi mvume ziqinisekisa ukuba amaziko kunye nemisebenzi iyahlangabezana nemigangatho efunekayo yokhuseleko kunye nemigangatho yokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo.

Izilumkiso zoKhuseleko kwiiNqanaba ezahlukeneyo

yoGcino

1. Ukukhetha Indawo : I-Sodium cyanide kufuneka igcinwe kwindawo yokugcina ekhethekileyo, enomoya ococekileyo, nepholileyo. Indawo yokugcina kufuneka ibe kude nemithombo yobushushu, ukutsha, kunye nezinto ezingahambelaniyo. Kufuneka ibekwe kwindawo engenakufikeleleka lula kubasebenzi abangagunyaziswanga.

2. Iimfuno zeSikhongozeli : Sebenzisa izikhongozeli ezimelana nokugqwala kwaye zivaliwe ngokuqinileyo ezenziwe ngezinto ezifanelekileyo. Kwi-sodium cyanide eqinileyo, kusetyenziswa iidrama zesinyithi ezixineneyo okanye izikhongozeli zeplastiki ezinezivalo eziqinileyo. Kwizisombululo ze-sodium cyanide, iitanki zokugcina kufuneka zenziwe ngezinto ezimelana nokugqwala kwe-alkaline, ezifana neendidi ezithile zentsimbi engagqwaliyo okanye iitanki zeplastiki ezikhethekileyo. Izikhongozeli kufuneka zibhalwe ngokucacileyo "iPoison" kunye ne "Sodium Cyanide" kunye neempawu ezifanelekileyo zengozi.

3. Iimeko Zokugcina : Gcina indawo eyomileyo kwindawo yokugcina, njengoko ukufuma kunokukhawulezisa ukubola kwe-sodium cyanide kwaye kwandise umngcipheko wokuveliswa kwegesi ye-hydrogen cyanide. Umswakama ofanelekileyo kwindawo yokugcina kufuneka ugcinwe ungaphantsi kwama-80%. Kwakhona, qinisekisa ukuba umoya ungena kakuhle ukuze kuthintelwe ukuqokelelwa kwayo nayiphi na igesi enokuvuza.

4. Ukwahlulwa kwezinto ezingahambelaniyo : I-sodium cyanide kufuneka igcinwe ngokwahlukileyo kwii-asidi, ii-oxidizing agents, kunye nezinye iikhemikhali ezinokusabela kuyo ukuvelisa iimveliso eziyingozi. Umzekelo, ukuyigcina kufutshane nee-asidi kunokukhokelela ekwakhiweni kwegesi ye-hydrogen cyanide enetyhefu kakhulu.

uthutho

1. Ukupakishwa : Iphakheji yokuthutha i-sodium cyanide kufuneka ihlangabezane nemigangatho engqongqo. Iphakheji yangaphandle kufuneka yomelele ngokwaneleyo ukumelana nokuphathwa okuqhelekileyo ngexesha lokuthuthwa kwaye ikhusele isitya sangaphakathi ekonakalisweni. Izikhongozeli zangaphakathi kufuneka zivuthe - zingangeni kwaye zivalwe ngokukhuselekileyo. Iphakheji kufuneka ibhalwe ngokucacileyo igama leekhemikhali, izilumkiso zengozi, kunye nolwazi loqhagamshelwano olungxamisekileyo.

2. Izithuthi Zothutho : Sebenzisa izithuthi zothutho ezikhethekileyo ezenzelwe ukuthwala iikhemikhali eziyingozi. Ezi zithuthi kufuneka zixhotyiswe ngeenkqubo zokuthintela ukuchitheka, izixhobo zokuphendula ngexesha likaxakeka , kunye nomoya ofanelekileyo. Isithuthi kufuneka sibonise neempawu ezifanelekileyo zesilumkiso sengozi njengoko kufuneka ngokwemigaqo yothutho.

3. Uqeqesho Lwabaqhubi : Abaqhubi abathutha i-sodium cyanide kufuneka baqeqeshwe ngokukodwa ekuphatheni izinto eziyingozi. Bafanele bazazi iimpawu ze-sodium cyanide, iinkqubo zokuphendula xa kuthe kwachitheka okanye kwenzeka ingozi, kunye nemigaqo efanelekileyo yothutho.

4. Ukucwangciswa kwendlela : Cwangcisa indlela yokuhamba kwangaphambili ukuze uphephe iindawo ezixineneyo, iindawo zokuhlala, kunye neendawo ezinomngcipheko omkhulu weengozi. Yazisa oorhulumente basekuhlaleni malunga nokuthuthwa kwe-sodium cyanide, ingakumbi xa udlula kwiindawo ezinobuthathaka.

Ukuphatha kunye nokusetyenziswa

1. Izixhobo zokuzikhusela zobuqu (i-PPE) :

• Ukhuseleko Lokuphefumla : Abaqhubi kufuneka banxibe ukhuseleko olufanelekileyo lokuphefumla, njengesiphefumli esipheleleyo esinesihluzo somoya esisebenza kakuhle (HEPA) kunye nebhokisi evunyiweyo yokukhusela i-cyanide. Kwiindawo ezinobungozi obukhulu okanye xa kunokwenzeka ukuba kubekho umngcipheko omkhulu, izixhobo zokuphefumla ezizimeleyo (SCBA) zinokufuneka.

• Ukukhusela Amehlo : Nxiba iiglasi zokukhusela ubuso ezinganyangekiyo ngamakhemikhali okanye isikhuselo sokukhusela amehlo ekutshizweni okanye kwiinxalenye zothuli ze-sodium cyanide.

• Ukukhusela Ulusu : Sebenzisa iiglavu ezingangenwayo ezenziwe ngezinto ezifana nerabha ye-butyl okanye i-nitrile, kunye neengubo zokugquma okanye ii-apron ezimelana neekhemikhali. Qinisekisa ukuba i-PPE ikwimeko elungileyo kwaye ilingana kakuhle.

2. Ukuseta indawo yokusebenzela :

• Umoya ongenisa umoya : Indawo yokusebenza apho kuphathwa khona i-sodium cyanide kufuneka ibe nomoya ongenisa umoya ongcono kakhulu. Kufuneka kufakelwe iinkqubo zomoya ongenisa umoya ezikufutshane ukuze kubanjwe nayiphi na intuthu okanye uthuli oluvela ngexesha lokuphathwa. Umoya ongenisa umoya oqhelekileyo kwigumbi kufuneka wanele ukugcina umgangatho womoya.

• Izixhobo zoNgxamiseko : Nika izixhobo zongxamiseko ezifikelelekayo, ezifana neendawo zokuhlamba amehlo, iishawa zokhuseleko, kunye nezixhobo zoncedo lokuqala. Iindawo zokuhlamba amehlo kunye neeshawa zokhuseleko kufuneka zivavanywe rhoqo ukuqinisekisa ukuba zisebenza kakuhle.

• Ukuthintela ukuchitheka : Yiba nezixhobo zokuthintela ukuchitheka, ezifana neepadi zokufunxa, isanti, kunye nezixhobo zokulawula ukuvuza. Khetha indawo ethile yokucoca ukuchitheka kwaye uqinisekise ukuba abasebenzi bayazi indlela yokusebenzisa ezi zinto ngokufanelekileyo.

3. Iinkqubo Zokusebenza :

• Ukuphatha iSodium Cyanide Eqinileyo : Sebenzisa izixhobo ezifanelekileyo, ezinje ngee-scoops okanye ii-tongs, ukuphatha i-sodium cyanide eqinileyo. Kuphephe ukuvelisa uthuli, kuba ukuphefumla uthuli lwe-cyanide kuyingozi kakhulu. Xa ulinganisa i-sodium cyanide, sebenzisa isikali sokulinganisa kwindawo enomoya ococekileyo nevaliweyo, kungcono ukuba ube ne-fume hood.

• Ukulungiselela Izisombululo : Xa ulungiselela izisombululo ze-sodium cyanide, yongeza i-sodium cyanide eqinileyo kancinci kwi-solvent (ngesiqhelo ngamanzi), ngelixa uvuselela kancinci. Yenza oku kwindawo enomoya ococekileyo kwaye ulandele umlinganiselo wokuxuba ocetyiswayo ngononophelo. Ungaze wongeze amanzi kwi-sodium cyanide eqinileyo, kuba oku kunokubangela ukusabela okunamandla.

• Ulawulo Lokusabela : Ngexesha leempendulo zeekhemikhali ezibandakanya i-sodium cyanide, lawula ngokungqongqo iimeko zempendulo ezifana nobushushu, i-pH, kunye nexesha lokuphendula. Sebenzisa izixhobo ezifanelekileyo zokubeka esweni ukuqinisekisa ukuba impendulo iyaqhubeka njengoko kulindelekile kwaye ayibangeli ukukhutshwa kweegesi ezinobuthi.

Ukukhupha inkunkuma

1. Ukwahlulahlula : Hlukanisa inkunkuma ye-sodium cyanide kwezinye iintlobo zenkunkuma. Musa ukuyixuba nenkunkuma eqhelekileyo yamakhemikhali okanye inkunkuma engenabungozi. Bhala amagama kwisikhongozeli senkunkuma ngokucacileyo njenge-"Sodium Cyanide Waste" kwaye ubonise uhlobo lwenkunkuma (eqinileyo, elulwelo, njl.njl.).

2. Unyango : Inkunkuma ye-sodium cyanide kufuneka iphathwe ukuze ingabi yingozi ngaphambi kokuba ilahlwe. Oku kunokubandakanya iindlela zonyango lweekhemikhali, ezifana ne-oxidation nge-hypochlorite okanye ezinye ii-oxidizing agents ezifanelekileyo, ukuguqula i-cyanide ibe ziikhompawundi ezingenabungozi. Inkunkuma ephathwayo kufuneka ivavanywe ukuqinisekisa ukuba amanqanaba e-cyanide angaphakathi kwemida eyamkelekileyo yokulahlwa.

3. Ukulahlwa ziZibonelelo eziVunyiweyo : Lahla inkunkuma ye-sodium cyanide ngokusebenzisa izibonelelo ezinobungozi ezivunyiweyo. Ezi zibonelelo zinobuchule kunye nezixhobo zokuphatha nokulahla loo nkunkuma inobungozi ngendlela ekhuselekileyo kwindalo. Musa ukulahla inkunkuma ye-sodium cyanide kwimijelo yamanzi amdaka, kwiindawo zokulahla inkunkuma, okanye kwiindawo zamanzi.

Ukuphendula ngokukhawuleza

1. Izicwangciso zeNgxakeko : Yila isicwangciso esibanzi sokuphendula ngokukhawuleza esiquka iinkqubo zokusingatha ukuchitheka, ukuvuza, imililo, kunye neziganeko zokuchatshazelwa yi-sodium cyanide. Isicwangciso kufuneka sichaze ngokucacileyo iindima kunye noxanduva lwabo bonke abasebenzi ababandakanyekayo kwimpendulo yengxakeko.

2. Uqeqesho kunye nokuQeqesha : Qhuba uqeqesho lokuphendula ngokukhawuleza rhoqo kubo bonke abasebenzi abanokuba nenxaxheba ekuphatheni i-sodium cyanide. Qhuba uqeqesho rhoqo ukuqinisekisa ukuba abasebenzi baqhelene neenkqubo zokuphendula kwaye banokuthatha amanyathelo ngokukhawuleza nangokufanelekileyo xa kukho imeko kaxakeka.

3. Amanyathelo oNcedo lokuQala : Nika abasebenzi uqeqesho loncedo lokuqala malunga nendlela yokusabela xa bechaphazeleka yi-sodium cyanide. Kwimeko yokuphefumla, mshenxise ngokukhawuleza umntu ochaphazelekayo aye emoyeni omtsha. Ukuba umntu usele i-sodium cyanide, musa ukumbangela ukuba ahlanze, kodwa fowunela uncedo lwezonyango olungxamisekileyo ngoko nangoko. Ukuze unxibe ulusu, susa impahla engcolileyo kwaye uhlambe indawo echaphazelekayo ngamanzi amaninzi ubuncinane imizuzu eli-15 ukuya kwengama-20. Kwimeko yokuba unxibe amehlo, hlambulula amehlo ngamanzi amaninzi ubuncinane imizuzu eli-15.

4. Isaziso : Kwimeko yengxakeko ebandakanya i-sodium cyanide, yazisa ngokukhawuleza ii-arhente zasekuhlaleni eziphendula ngokukhawuleza, ezifana nesebe lomlilo, ii-arhente zokukhusela okusingqongileyo, kunye namaziko okulawula ityhefu. Banike ulwazi oluchanekileyo malunga nohlobo kunye nobukhulu besiganeko.

isiphelo

Ukusetyenziswa ngokukhuselekileyo kwe-sodium cyanide kubaluleke kakhulu ngenxa yetyhefu egqithisileyo. Ngokuthobela ngokungqongqo iimfuno zolawulo, ukuphumeza amanyathelo afanelekileyo okhuseleko kwindawo yokugcina, ukuthutha, ukuphatha, ukusetyenziswa, kunye nokulahlwa kwenkunkuma, kunye nezicwangciso ezisebenzayo zokuphendula ngokukhawuleza, iingozi ezinxulumene ne-sodium cyanide zingancitshiswa kakhulu. Bonke abantu kunye nemibutho echaphazelekayo kwi-lifecycle ye-sodium cyanide kufuneka bazibophezele ekugcineni imigangatho ephezulu yokhuseleko ukukhusela ubomi babantu kunye nokusingqongileyo.