Ucwaningo Lokuhlanza Amanzi Angcolile Aqukethe i-Cyanide kanye Nokutholwa Okuphelele Kwezinto Eziyigugu

Emkhakheni wentuthuko yezimboni yanamuhla, ukukhiqizwa kwamanzi amdaka aqukethe i-cyanide kungumkhiqizo ongenakugwenywa emikhakheni ehlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa ukumbiwa kwezimayini, ukufakelwa kwe-electroplating, kanye nokukhiqizwa kwamakhemikhali. La manzi amdaka awagcini nje ngokuba usongo olukhulu endaweni ezungezile kanye nempilo yabantu ngenxa yemvelo enobuthi obukhulu be-cyanide kodwa futhi aqukethe izinto ezibalulekile ezingatholakala, okunikeza izinzuzo zemvelo nezomnotho. Ngenxa yalokho, ucwaningo ngokuphathwa kwamanzi amdaka aqukethe i-cyanide kanye nokubuyiselwa okuphelele kwezinto ezibalulekile sekuyisihloko esibalulekile esidonsela ukunaka okukhulu ezifundweni zemfundo kanye nasezimbonini.

Amandla Adonsela phansi Amanzi Angcolile Aqukethe I-Cyanide

I-Cyanide iwubuthi obunamandla obungaphazamisa kakhulu ukusebenza okuvamile kwesimiso somzimba womuntu sokuphefumula kanye nezinzwa ngisho nasezimweni eziphansi. Lapho amanzi angcolile ane-cyanide ekhishelwa emanzini emvelo ngaphandle kokuphathwa ngendlela efanele, angaholela ekufeni kwezinto eziphilayo zasemanzini, acekele phansi ibhalansi yemvelo yemvelo yamanzi, futhi angcolise inhlabathi namanzi angaphansi komhlaba ngokusebenzisa ukugeleza kwamanzi, okubangela ukulimala kwesikhathi eside nokude kwemvelo. Ukwengeza, ngokombono wezomnotho, ukulahlwa okungafanele kwamanzi angcolile ane-cyanide kusho ukuchithwa kwezinsiza ezibalulekile, njengezinsimbi eziyigugu njengegolide, isiliva, nezinsimbi ezinzima njengethusi, i-zinc, ezivame ukuba khona emanzini anjalo angcolile.

Ubuchwepheshe Bokwelapha Okuthuthukisiwe Bamanzi Angcolile Aqukethe i-Cyanide

Izindlela ze-Chemical Oxidation

Ukushiswa kwamakhemikhali kungenye yezindlela ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ekwelapheni amanzi angcolile aqukethe i-cyanide. Izinqubo ezifana nokushiswa kwe-chlorination, i-ozonation, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-hydrogen peroxide zisetshenziswa kabanzi. I-chlorination, isibonelo, isebenzisa i-chlorine noma ama-compound ayo ukuze ishiswe ama-ion e-cyanide abe ama-ion e-cyanate angenabo ubuthi, bese ishiswa ibe yi -Carbon dioxide ne-nitrogen ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele. I-Ozonation, enekhono layo elinamandla lokushiswa kwe-oxidizing, ingasheshisa ukushiswa kwe-cyanide, futhi ukusabela kuphelele, kushiye ukungcola okuncane kwesibili. Lezi zindlela zokushiswa kwamakhemikhali zinganciphisa ngempumelelo ukugcwala kwe-cyanide emanzini angcolile, kwenze ukuthi ihlangabezane nezindinganiso zokukhishwa.

Izindlela Zokwelapha Zebhayoloji

Ukwelashwa kwebhayoloji kusebenzisa ama-microorganisms ukugawula nokubola i-cyanide. Amagciwane athile angakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nemvelo equkethe i-cyanide futhi asebenzise i-cyanide njengomthombo wekhabhoni kanye nomthombo wenitrogen ukuze akhule futhi azalane. Le ndlela inezinzuzo zezindleko eziphansi, ubungane bemvelo, kanye nekhono lokuphatha amanzi amaningi angcolile ngokuqhubekayo. Kodwa-ke, iyazwela ezicini ezifana nezinga lokushisa, inani le-pH, kanye nokuba khona kwezinto ezivimbelayo emanzini angcolile, okudinga ukulawula okuqinile kwezimo zokusebenza.

Izindlela Zokwelapha Ngomzimba Ngamakhemikhali

Izindlela zomzimba namakhemikhali, okuhlanganisa ukumuncwa kwamanzi, ukushintshaniswa kwama-ion, kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwama-membrane, nazo zidlala indima ebalulekile ekwelashweni kwamanzi amdaka aqukethe i-cyanide . Ukumuncwa kwe-carbon okusebenzayo kungasusa ngempumelelo i-cyanide esele kanye nezinye izinto ezingcolisayo eziphilayo emanzini amdaka. Ama-resin okushintshaniswa kwama-ion angamunca ngokukhetha ama-ion e-cyanide kanye nama-complex e-metal-cyanide, kufezwe ukuhlukaniswa nokucetshiswa kwe-cyanide. Ubuchwepheshe bokuhlukanisa ama-membrane, njenge-reverse osmosis kanye ne-nanofiltration, bungahlukanisa i-cyanide nezinto ezibalulekile emanzini amdaka ngokusebenzisa ama-membrane angangeni kahle, ngokusebenza kahle kokuhlukana okuphezulu kanye nokuqina okuhle.

Ukutholwa Okuphelele Kwezinto Eziyigugu

Ukutholwa Kwezinsimbi Eziyigugu

Ezimbonini zezimayini kanye ne-electroplating, amanzi angcolile ane-cyanide ngokuvamile aqukethe izinsimbi eziyigugu njengegolide nesiliva. Amasu anjengokukhipha i-solvent, i-electrowinning, kanye nokushintshisana kwe-ion avame ukusetshenziswa ukuze alulame. Ukukhishwa kwe-solvent kusebenzisa izincibilikisi eziphilayo ukuze kukhishwe ngokukhetha izakhiwo zensimbi-cyanide eziyigugu emanzini angcolile, okulandelwa ukuhlubula kanye nemvula ukuze kutholwe izinsimbi eziyigugu. I-Electrowinning ibuyisela ngokuqondile izinsimbi emanzini angcolile ngokusebenzisa i-electrolysis, okuyindlela elula nephumelelayo yokubuyisela insimbi.

Ukubuyiselwa Kwezinsimbi Ezisindayo

Ezinsimbi ezisindayo njengethusi ne-zinc emanzini angcolile ane-cyanide, izindlela ezifana nemvula yamakhemikhali, usimende, nokukhipha i-solvent. Imvula yamakhemikhali isebenzisa ama-reagents ukuze isebenze nama-ion ensimbi esindayo ukuze kwakheke amanzi angancibiliki, abese ehlukaniswa. I-Cementation isebenzisa izinsimbi eziningi ze-electropositive ukususa izinsimbi ezisindayo esixazululweni, kuzuzwe ukululama. Lezi zindlela zokubuyisela azigcini nje ngokunciphisa ukungcoliswa kwemvelo okubangelwa izinsimbi ezinzima kodwa futhi ziphendule imfucuza ibe ingcebo, idale ukubaluleka kwezomnotho.

Izinselele namathemba

Naphezu kwenqubekelaphambili ebalulekile ekwelashweni kwamanzi angcolile ane-cyanide kanye nokutholwa kwezinto ezibalulekile, ziseningi izinselele. Isibonelo, izindleko eziphezulu zobunye ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe bokwelapha, inkimbinkimbi yokuhlanza amanzi angcolile ngezingxenye eziyinkimbinkimbi, nobunzima bokuqinisekisa ukuzinza kwesikhathi eside kwezinqubo zokwelashwa. Ngokuzayo, abacwaningi badinga ukugxila ekuthuthukiseni izindlela zokwelapha ezididiyelwe ezisebenza kahle kakhulu, ezingabizi kakhulu, futhi ezinobungani nemvelo. Inhlanganisela yezindlela zokwelapha eziningi, ukuthuthukiswa kokusebenza kwempahla, kanye nokusetshenziswa kobuhlakani bokwenziwa kanye nedatha enkulu ekulawuleni inqubo kungenzeka kube izikhombisi-ndlela ezibalulekile zentuthuko, kube nesandla ekuthuthukisweni okuzinzile kwezimboni kuyilapho kuvikela indawo ezungezile.

Sengiphetha, ucwaningo lokwelashwa kwamanzi angcolile ane-cyanide kanye nokutholwa okuphelele kwezinto ezibalulekile lubaluleke kakhulu ekuvikelweni kwemvelo, ukusetshenziswa kwezinsiza, kanye nokuthuthukiswa komnotho. Ukuhlola okuqhubekayo kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha kulo mkhakha kuzoletha imithelela emihle kakhulu endaweni ezungezile yemvelo kanye nomnotho wezimboni.