Izindlela zokwelapha i-cyanide tailings nge-hydrogen peroxide

Isingeniso

I-Cyanide tailings yimikhiqizo ekhiqizwa ezimayini zegolide nakwezinye izimboni ezisebenzisa i-cyanide enqubweni yokukhipha. Ngenxa yokuba khona kwamakhemikhali anobuthi e-cyanide, i-Cyanide tailings iyingozi enkulu emvelweni. Ukwelashwa nge-hydrogen peroxide kuyindlela ephumelelayo yokubhekana nalezi tailings. Lesi sihloko sizohlola le ndlela yokwelapha ngokuningiliziwe.

Isimiso Sokwelapha I-Hydrogen Peroxide

I-hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) iyi-ejenti enamandla yokuxova. Lapho welapha i-cyanide tailings, isimiso esiyisisekelo ukuthi i-hydrogen peroxide isabela nama-cyanide compounds endaweni ene-alkaline (ngokuvamile ene-pH engu-10 - 11). Iqhutshwa yizinto (ngokuvamile ama-ion ethusi, i-Cu²⁺), kwenzeka ukusabela okulandelayo:

I-Cyanide (CN⁻) yenziwe nge-oxidized ibe i-cyanate (CNO⁻). Ukusabela kungavezwa kalula kanje:

2CN⁻ + 5H₂O₂ + 2OH⁻ → 2CNO⁻ + 6H₂O

Ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, i-cyanate ingasabela futhi ibole ibe izinto ezingalimazi kakhulu, njenge-ammonia (NH₃), i-Carbon dioxide (CO₂), kanye ne-nitrogen (N₂).

CNO⁻ + 2H₂O → NH₃ + HCO₃⁻

Kamuva, i-ammonia ingabuye ifakwe i-oxid noma ivuthiswe ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele zemvelo.

Izinyathelo Zokwelashwa

Ukulungiswa Kwe-Tailings Slurry : Okokuqala, i-cyanide tailings idinga ukwenziwa ibe yi-slurry. Lokhu kuvame ukwenziwa ngokufaka amanzi ezinsikeni bese uwaxuba kahle esitsheni esifanele (njengethangi elikhulu lokuxuba). Ukuvumelana kwe-slurry kuyalungiswa ukuqinisekisa ukuthintana okuhle phakathi kwe-hydrogen peroxide nezinhlayiya eziqukethe i-cyanide.

Ukulungiswa kwe-pH : I-pH ye-slurry ye-cyanide tailings ilungiswa ibe yi-alkaline range efanele, ngokuvamile i-pH 10 - 11. Lesi sinyathelo sibalulekile ngoba ukusabela kwe-oxidation kwe-hydrogen peroxide ne-cyanide kuncike kakhulu enanini le-pH. I-Lime (Ca(OH)₂) noma i-sodium hydroxide (NaOH) ivame ukusetshenziswa ukwandisa i-pH.

Ukwengezwa kwe-Catalyst : Ama-catalyst asekelwe ku-Copper, njenge-copper sulfate (CuSO₄), ayengezwa ku-slurry. Ama-ion e-Copper angakhuthaza ukusabela phakathi kwe-hydrogen peroxide ne-cyanide, okusheshisa kakhulu izinga lokusabela. Ukuhlushwa kwama-ion e-copper ku-slurry kuvame ukulawulwa cishe ku-50 mg/L. Kodwa-ke, uma i-tailings isivele iqukethe i-copper eyanele noma ezinye izinto ezibangela ukusabela, ukwengeza okwengeziwe kwe-catalyst kungase kungadingeki.

Ukwengezwa kwe-Hydrogen Peroxide : Ngemuva kwalokho, i-hydrogen peroxide ifakwa ku-slurry. Inani le-hydrogen peroxide elingeziwe lincike ekugxilweni kwe-cyanide emisipheni. Isilinganiso se-molar se-hydrogen peroxide ne-cyanide ngokuvamile siphakathi kuka-3:1 - 8:1. Isibonelo, uma okuqukethwe kwe-cyanide emisipheni kuphezulu, kudingeka isilinganiso esiphezulu se-hydrogen peroxide. I-hydrogen peroxide kufanele ifakwe kancane kancane ngokuvuselela okuqhubekayo ukuqinisekisa ukusatshalaliswa okufanayo kanye nokusabela okugcwele.

Ukusabela Nokuxubha : I-slurry ixubha njalo ngesikhathi sokusabela ukuqinisekisa ukuthintana okwanele phakathi kwama-reactants. Isikhathi sokusabela siyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi i-cyanide ingakanani kanye nezinhloso zokwelapha, ngokuvamile kungabi ngaphansi kwehora eli-1 - 2. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, i-hydrogen peroxide ixubha i-cyanide ibe imikhiqizo engenangozi kangako.

Ukuhlukaniswa Okuqinile Noketshezi : Ngemva kokuba ukusabela sekuqediwe, ukuhlukaniswa koketshezi okuqinile kwenziwa kudoti oluphathwe kahle. Lokhu kungafezwa ngezindlela ezifana nokuthungwa kwenhlabathi ku-thickener kulandelwe ukuhlunga kusetshenziswa umshini wokuhlunga. Okuqinile okuhlukanisiwe (okungukuthi, imisele ephathwayo) kungalahlwa ngokuphephile, isibonelo, kugcinwe echibini lemisele elinophahla oluhle futhi eliqashwe kahle. I-filtrate, enamazinga aphansi e-cyanide nezinye izinto, ingaphinde iphathwe noma isetshenziswe kabusha enqubweni yokukhiqiza uma izimo zivuma.

Izici Ezithinta Ukwelashwa Ngempumelelo

Ukuhlushwa kwe-hydrogen Peroxide : Uma ukuhlushwa kwe-hydrogen peroxide kuphakeme, umphumela we-oxidation uba ngcono ku-cyanide. Kodwa-ke, ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwe-hydrogen peroxide akugcini nje ngokwandisa izindleko kodwa futhi kungabangela ukusabela okubi nezinkinga zemvelo ezingaba khona.

Inani le-pH : Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, inani le-pH lesistimu yokusabela linomthelela omkhulu esilinganisweni sokusabela kanye nokusebenza kahle. Ukuphambuka ebangeni le-pH elifanele lika-10 - 11 kuzonciphisa ijubane lokusabela kwe-oxidation kwe-cyanide yi-hydrogen peroxide.

Ukuhlushwa kwe-Catalyst : Ukuhlushwa kwe-catalyst esekelwe ethusi kuthinta izinga lokusabela. Uma ukuhlushwa kwe-catalyst kuphansi kakhulu, ukusabela kungase kube kancane kakhulu; uma kuphezulu kakhulu, kungabangela ezinye izindlela zamakhemikhali eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi kwandise nezindleko.

Isikhathi Sokusabela : Kudingeka isikhathi esanele sokusabela ukuqinisekisa ukuwohloka okuphelele kwe-cyanide ngangokunokwenzeka. Isikhathi sokusabela esinganele sizoholela ku-cyanide esele emisileni ephathwe kahle.

Ukuhlushwa Kwe-Cyanide Kokuqala : Uma ukuhlushwa kwe-cyanide kokuqala kuphakeme emisipheni, kuba nzima kakhulu ukuthola ukwelashwa okuphelele, futhi kungadingeka i-hydrogen peroxide eningi kanye nezikhathi zokusabela ezinde.

Izinzuzo Zokwelapha I-Hydrogen Peroxide

Ukusebenza Kakhulu Kokuxova : I-hydrogen peroxide ingaxova ngempumelelo izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-cyanide, kufaka phakathi i-cyanide yamahhala kanye nezinye izinto ze-metal-cyanide complexes, okunciphisa kakhulu ubuthi be-cyanide tailings.

Inqubo Elula Kakhulu : Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izindlela zokwelapha i-cyanide (njengezindlela eziyinkimbinkimbi zokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali noma zebhayoloji), inqubo yokwelapha i-hydrogen peroxide ilula ukuyisebenzisa futhi ilula ukuyisebenzisa.

Ingozi Ephansi Yokungcola Kwesibili : Imikhiqizo ephumayo ye-hydrogen peroxide oxidation reaction ayilimazi kangako. I-cyanate yomkhiqizo ophakathi ingaphinde ibole ibe izinto ezingezona ezinobuthi, kanti i-hydrogen peroxide ngokwayo ibola ibe ngamanzi nomoya-mpilo, okunciphisa ingozi yokungcola kwesibili.

Ukusebenza Okubanzi : Le ndlela iyasebenza kokubili emisebenzini yokumba encane kanye nezimboni ezinkulu, okwenza kube ukukhetha okuguquguqukayo kokwelapha i-cyanide tailings.

Case Studies

Inkampani Yezimayini Zegolide : Inkampani yezimayini zegolide etholakala [endaweni ethile] yayinenqwaba yemisila ye-cyanide enezinga eliphezulu le-cyanide. Basebenzisa indlela yokwelapha i-hydrogen peroxide. Ngokwenza ngcono amapharamitha enqubo, okuhlanganisa nokulungisa i-pH ibe yi-10.5. bafaka i-copper sulfate ekugxilweni okungu-50 mg/L njenge-catalyst, besebenzisa isilinganiso se-hydrogen peroxide - kuya ku-cyanide molar esingu-5:1. kanye nokwenza ukusabela kwamahora angu-1.5, banciphise ngempumelelo izinga le-cyanide emisileni yaba amazinga angaphansi kakhulu kwezindinganiso zokulawula. Imisila ephathwe kahle yagcinwa ngokuphephile echibini lemisila, futhi i-filtrate yasetshenziswa kabusha enkambisweni yokumba, kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi.

Umsebenzi Wokumba Imigodi Emincane : Umsebenzi wokumba igolide omncane endaweni ekude nawo ubhekane nenkinga yokulahla imigodi equkethe i-cyanide. Ngenxa yezinsizakusebenza ezimbalwa, uma ubheka ubulula bayo bokusebenza, bakhethe indlela yokwelapha i-hydrogen peroxide. Ngokulawula ngokucophelela inani le-hydrogen peroxide engeziwe ngokwesilinganiso sokuqukethwe kwe-cyanide emisileni, ukulungisa i-pH nge-lime etholakalayo endaweni, nokusebenzisa i-stirrer elula yomshini wokuxuba, banciphise ngempumelelo ubuthi be-cyanide bemigodi. Nakuba isilinganiso sokwelapha sasincane, sanele ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zemvelo zendawo zokulahla imigodi, ukuvikela indawo ezungezile ekungcoleni okungenzeka kwe-cyanide.

Ukuqapha

Ukuphathwa Ngokuphephile kwe-Hydrogen Peroxide : I-hydrogen peroxide iyi-ejenti enamandla yokuxova futhi ingaba yingozi kakhulu uma ingaphathwanga kahle. Izisebenzi ezihilelekile enkambisweni yokwelapha kufanele zigqoke imishini yokuzivikela efanele, njengamagilavu, izibuko zokuzivikela, kanye nezingubo zokuzivikela. Ukugcinwa kwe-hydrogen peroxide kufanele futhi kuhambisane ngokuqinile nemithetho yokuphepha ukuvimbela ukubola ngengozi noma ukuthintana nezinto ezivuthayo.

Ukuqapha Okunembile : Ukuqapha okuqhubekayo kwenqubo yokusabela kubalulekile. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuqapha inani le-pH le-slurry ngesikhathi sokusabela, amazinga e-hydrogen peroxide ne-cyanide, kanye nokushisa kokusabela. Kufanele kwenziwe amasampula nokuhlaziywa njalo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi inqubo yokwelapha iyaqhubeka njengoba kulindelekile nokwenza izinguquko ngesikhathi uma kudingeka.

Ukulahlwa Kwezinsalela Ezilungisiwe : Ngisho nangemva kokwelashwa, izinsalela eziqinile kufanele zigcinwe echibini elijwayelekile lezinsalela elihlangabezana nezindinganiso zemvelo. Ichibi lezinsalela kufanele libe nesakhiwo esifanele sokuvala ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuvuza kwezinto eziyingozi ezisele enhlabathini nasemanzini angaphansi komhlaba.

Ukuhlolwa Komthelela Emvelweni : Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa indlela yokwelapha i-hydrogen peroxide, kufanele kwenziwe ukuhlolwa okuphelele komthelela emvelweni ukuze kuhlolwe imiphumela engaba khona emoyeni, emanzini, kanye nekhwalithi yomhlabathi, kanye nasesimweni semvelo esizungezile. Lokhu kuhlolwa kusiza ekwenzeni ngcono inqubo yokwelapha futhi kuqinisekiswe ukulandelwa kwemithethonqubo yezemvelo.

Sengiphetha, indlela yokwelapha i-hydrogen peroxide inikeza isixazululo esisebenzayo nesisebenzayo sokwelashwa kwemisila ye-cyanide. Ngokuqonda isimiso sayo, ngokulandela izinyathelo zokwelashwa ezifanele, kucatshangelwa izici ezinethonya, nokuthatha izinyathelo zokuphepha ezidingekayo, le ndlela inganciphisa kakhulu izingozi zemvelo ezibangelwa imisila ye-cyanide, enomthelela ekuthuthukisweni okusimeme kwemboni yezimayini nokuvikelwa kwemvelo.