Iyo yekuita maitiro eiyo leaching agent sodium cyanide

1. ziviso

Sodium cyanide (NaCN) chinhu chakakosha pakuburitsa simbi dzinokosha, kunyanya goridhe nesirivha. Kushandiswa kwayo muindasitiri yemigodhi kwakatanga kunopera kwezana remakore rechi19, uye kubvira ipapo yave chikamu chakakosha chemaitiro e hydrometallurgical ekuwana simbi idzi dzinokosha kubva mumatombo adzo. Chinyorwa chino chinotarisa zvakadzama mashandiro anoita Sodium cyanide mukubvisa simbi , ichijekesa mashandiro ayo emakemikari, basa rezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana, uye kukosha kwayo mukuburitsa simbi dzinokosha.

2. Chemical Properties yeSodium Cyanide

Sodium cyanide chinhu chena, chakaita secrystalline solid chinonyungudika nyore nyore mumvura. Mumvura inonyungudika, inopwanyika kuita sodium ions (Na+) uye Cyanide ions (CN-). Iyo cyanide ion ndiyo chinhu chikuru chinoita kuti simbi dzibudise. Se ligand yakasimba, ine hukama hwakakura kune mamwe ma simbi, kunyanya goridhe nesirivha. Hunhu uhwu hunoibvumira kugadzira complexes dzakagadzikana nesimbi idzi, izvo zvakakosha pabasa rayo se leaching agent.

3. Iyo Leaching process yeGoridhe neSilver ine Sodium Cyanide

3.1 Chemical Reactions

Pakubvisa goridhe uchishandisa Sodium Cyanide , izvi zvinoitika kana oxygen iri munzvimbo ine mvura. Maion eCyanide anoumba soluble complex negoridhe, oxygen ichishanda se oxidizing agent kuti zviite nyore. Zvakafanana zvinoitika kana kubvisa sirivha, apo maatomu esirivha anoita soluble nesodium cyanide neoxygen kuti agadzire soluble silver-cyanide complex.

3.2 Matanho ekuita pachikamu cheMorecular

Kupararira : Sodium cyanide inopatsanurwa mumvura kuti ibudise maiyoni ecyanide. Aya maiyoni ecyanide, pamwe chete nemamorekuru eokisijeni akanyungudutswa, anofamba nemumhinduro kuti asvike pamusoro pezvidimbu zvegoridhe kana zvesirivha zviri mukati meore. Kumhanya kwekupararira uku kunogona kukanganiswa nezvinhu zvakaita sekupisa, kusimuka, uye viscosity yemhinduro. Kupisa kwakanyanya uye kusimuka kwakasimba zvinowanzo wedzera mwero wekuparadzira nekuwedzera simba remamorekuru uye kuvandudza kusanganiswa kwemhinduro.

Kunyungudika : Kana zvasvika pamusoro pesimbi, maion ecyanide nemamorekuru eokisijeni zvinozvibatanidza pamusoro pezvidimbu zvegoridhe kana zvesirivha. Kunyungudika kwemaion ecyanide kunonyanya kusarudza nekuda kwekubatana kwawo kwakasimba nesimbi. Kunyungudika kweokisijeni kwakakoshawo sezvo kuchipa simba rinodiwa rekuita zvinotevera.

Maitiro eElectrochemical : Pamuganhu uri pakati pesimbi nemhinduro, maitiro eelectrochemical anobuda. Maatomu egoridhe kana esirivha ari pamusoro anosanganiswa, oshanduka kuita maion esimbi. Aya maion esimbi anobva asangana nemaion ecyanide akaomeswa kuti agadzire macomplex esimbi-cyanide anonyungudika. Kusanganiswa kwesimbi kunoburitsa maerekitironi, ayo anodyiwa panguva yekuderera kweokisijeni mumushonga.

Kubviswa kwemvura uye Kupararira : Macomplex esimbi-cyanide akagadzirwa anobuda pamusoro pesimbi opararira achipinda mumuviri mukuru wemushonga. Izvi zvinovhura nzira yekuti maion matsva ecyanide nemamorekuru eokisijeni apinde pamusoro pesimbi, zvichiita kuti maitiro ekubuda kwemvura aenderere mberi.

4. Zvinhu Zvinokanganisa Kushanda KweLeaching yeSodium Cyanide

4.1 Kuiswa kweSodium Cyanide

Huwandu hwesodium cyanide mumhinduro yeleaching inonyanya kupesvedzera chiyero cheleaching. Pakutanga, sezvo huwandu hwe sodium cyanide huchikwira, ndizvo zvinoitawo mwero wekunyudzwa kwegoridhe nesirivheri, sezvo maioni ecyanide akawanda aripo kuti aite nesimbi. Asi kupfuura imwe nguva, chiyero cheleaching chinogona kumira kuwedzera kana kuderera. Izvi zvinogona kuitika nekuti pakakwirira, cyanide ions inopindirana nemvura kuti igadzire hydrogen cyanide, chinhu chinoputika chinobuda mumushonga, chichideredza kushanda kweiyo cyanide ions pakubuda.

4.2 Kuisa Okisijeni

Oxygen inokosha mu sodium cyanide leaching process. Inodiwa kuti oxidize goridhe nesirivheri, nhanho inodiwa vasati vagadzira macomplexes ane cyanide ions. Yakakwira mwero weokisijeni yakanyungudika mumhinduro inowanzo tungamira kune kukurumidza leaching mitengo. Sezvo okisijeni ine kushomeka kwekunyungudika mumvura, maindasitiri ekuleaching maitiro anowanzo shandisa nzira dzakaita senge aeration kana mweya wakafumiswa neokisijeni kuti ukwidziridze huwandu hweokisijeni.

4.3 pH yeSolution

Iyo pH yemhinduro yeleaching yakakosha kuchengetedza kugadzikana kweiyo cyanide ion uye iyo yakazara leaching maitiro. Cyanide ions inoramba yakagadzikana mune alkaline mhinduro. Munzvimbo dzine acidic, dzinosangana nehydrogen ions kuti dzigadzire gasi rine muchetura uye rinoputika rehydrogen cyanide. Kuti udzivise izvi uye uchengetedze kugadzikana kweiyo cyanide ions, pH yemushonga weLeaching inowanzochengetwa pakati pe10 ne11. Lime inowanzowedzerwa kune mhinduro yekugadzirisa nekuchengetedza pH pahutano hwakanaka.

4.4 Kupisa

Tembiricha inokanganisa nzira yekudonha munzira dzakawanda. Kazhinji, kuwedzera kwetembiricha kunomhanyisa kuita kwemakemikari, kusanganisira kupararira kwemareactants, kushambadza kwecyanide ion uye oxygen pamusoro pesimbi, uye electrochemical reaction. Zvisinei, pane zvipingamupinyi. Pakupisa kwakanyanya, cyanide ions inowanzoita hydrolysis, zvichikonzera kurasikirwa kwecyanide sehydrogen cyanide gasi. Uyezve, tembiricha yakakwira inogona kuwedzera kunyungudika kwetsvina muore, izvo zvinogona kukanganisa maitiro ekudonha kana kukonzera kunyanyisa kushandiswa kweiyo cyanide ions. Mukuita, tembiricha yeLeaching inowanzotenderedza 20 - 30 °C, kunyangwe tembiricha yepamusoro inogona kushandiswa kana matanho akakodzera akatorwa kudzora cyanide hydrolysis.

4.5 Chikamu Chekukura kweOre

Saizi yezvimedu zveore inokanganisa zvakananga leaching kugona. Finer-grained ores inopa yakakura pamusoro penzvimbo yekuita pakati pesimbi particles uye leaching solution. Izvi zvinosimudzira kukurumidza kupararira kweiyo cyanide ion uye oxygen kune pamusoro pesimbi uye nekukurumidza kuumbwa kwesimbi-cyanide complexes, zvichikonzera kuwanda kwemazinga. Nekune rimwe divi, maore akaomeswa-grained angangoda nguva yakareba yekurebesa kana kuti yakanyanya kugadziridzwa kuti iwane imwe nhanho yekudzoreredza simbi.

5. Kukosha Kwekunzwisisa Mechanism

Kubata mashandiro anoita sodium cyanide mukuita leaching kwakakosha zvikuru kuindasitiri yemigodhi. Iyo inobvumira mainjiniya uye metallurgists kunyatso-tune leaching process paramita, senge reagent concentration, pH, tembiricha, uye saizi yechikamu, kuwedzera simbi kudzoreredza mitengo. Nekugadzirisa zvinhu izvi, indasitiri inogona kutora simbi dzakakosha zvakanyanya, kuderedza kushandiswa kwe reagent, uye kuderedza kukanganiswa kwezvakatipoteredza kwekushandisa sodium cyanide. Pamusoro pezvo, ruzivo urwu runogona kufambisa kuvandudzwa kwematekinoroji matsva uye anoshanda zvakanyanya, kungave nekuvandudza maitiro aripo ecyanide-based kana kuongorora mamwe maajenti ekucheka.

6. Mhedziso

Sodium cyanide inoita basa rakakosha mukubviswa kwesimbi dzakakosha kuburikidza nekuita leaching. Nekunzwisisa magadzirirwo ayo, pamwe chete nezvinhu zvinopesvedzera kushanda kwayo, indasitiri yezvicherwa inogona kuramba ichisimudzira mashandiro ayo, zvichiita kuti kucherwa kwegoridhe nesirivha kuve kwakasimba uye kunoshanda. Tsvagiridzo yeramangwana inogona kutarisisa kuwedzeredza cyanide-based leaching process kana kugadzira dzimwe nzira dzekuvandudza dzinogona kuderedza njodzi kwezvakatipoteredza dzine chekuita nekushandiswa kwesodium cyanide.