Indima yeSodium Cyanide kwiMichiza yoLungiso lweziMbiwa

intshayelelo

I-Sodium cyanide (NaCN) yikhemikhali ebalulekileyo kwicandelo lokucubungula izimbiwa , nangona inobungozi obukhulu. Iimpawu zayo ezikhethekileyo zekhemikhali ziyenza ikwazi ukudlala indima ebalulekileyo kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo, ingakumbi ekukhupheni izinyithi ezixabisekileyo. Eli nqaku lijonga imisebenzi ethile kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe- sodium cyanide ekucubunguleni izimbiwa.

Iipropati zeMichiza yeSodium Cyanide

Isodium cyanide ngumgubo omhlophe, oyicrystalline onevumba elibi, elikrakra lealmondi. Inyibilika kakhulu emanzini kwaye i-hygroscopic, oku kuthetha ukuba ifunxa ngokulula ukufuma emoyeni. Kwisisombululo esinamanzi, siyahlukana sibe yi-sodium ions (Na⁺) kunye ne-cyanide ions (CN⁻). I-cyanide ion luhlobo oluphambili olunoxanduva lokuphinda lusebenze ekusetyenzweni kwezimbiwa. Inobudlelwane obuqinileyo kwii-ion ezithile zetsimbi, ezenza isiseko sezicelo zayo.

Indima kwiGolide kunye neSilver Extraction

Ukutsalwa kwegolide

Enye yezona ndlela zaziwayo zokusetyenziswa kweSodium Cyanide ekucutshungulweni kwezimbiwa kukukhupha igolide . Le nkqubo isekelwe kwinto yokuba igolide inokwenza ii-complexes ezizinzileyo kunye nee-ion ze-cyanide xa kukho ioksijini. Impendulo iyonke ingamelwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

4Au + 8NaCN + O₂+ 2H₂O → 4Na[Au(CN)₂]+ 4NaOH

Kule mpendulo, igolide ifakwa ioksijini yioksijini ize emva koko yenze i-soluble complex, i-sodium aurocyanide (Na[Au(CN)₂]). Le complex inokwahlulwa kwi-ore matrix, ngesiqhelo ngenkqubo yokufunxa kwi-activated Carbon okanye ngokusebenzisa uthuli lwe-zinc ukuze kufakwe i-cementation ukuze kuvele igolide.

Ukusetyenziswa kweSodium cyanide ekutsaleni igolide kunika iingenelo ezininzi. Ayibizi kakhulu xa ithelekiswa nezinye iindlela. Le nkqubo ikwasebenza kakuhle kakhulu, iyakwazi ukubuyisa igolide kwiintsimbi ezikumgangatho ophantsi. Umzekelo, kwimisebenzi emikhulu yokumba igolide efana naleyo iseMzantsi Afrika naseOstreliya, ukucocwa kwe-cyanide kusetyenziswa kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, ukusetyenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide ekutsaleni igolide kukwaphakamisa iinkxalabo ezibalulekileyo kwindalo esingqongileyo kunye nokhuseleko ngenxa yobuthi bayo.

Ukutsalwa kweSilivere

Ngokufanayo negolide, isilivere inokukhutshwa kusetyenziswa i-sodium cyanide. Isilivere yenza into enyibilikayo ene-cyanide ion, efana neNa[Ag(CN)₂]. Inkqubo yokukhutshwa kwesilivere ngokwengqiqo iyafana naleyo yegolide, ibandakanya ukuvuzwa kwentsimbi ekrwada nge-cyanide - enesisombululo. Le ndlela isebenzayo ekukhupheni isilivere kwii-ores ezahlukeneyo zesilivere, ezibandakanya i-argentite (i-Ag₂S) kunye nesilivere yephondo (AgCl).

Indima yokwahlulwa kwesinyithi kunye nokucocwa

Ukuchithwa okuKhethekileyo

I-sodium cyanide ingasetyenziselwa ukunyibilikisa iintsimbi ezithile kumxube weeminerali. Ngokomzekelo, kwi-ore entsonkothileyo equlethe ubhedu, i-zinc, kunye nezinye iintsimbi kunye neentsimbi ezixabisekileyo, i-sodium cyanide ingasetyenziselwa ukunyibilikisa igolide kunye nesilivere ngelixa ushiya ezinye iziseko zesinyithi ngasemva. Olu khetho lusekelwe ekuzinzeni okuhambelana nesinyithi - i-cyanide complexes eyenziwe. Uzinzo constants of metal - cyanide complexes ziyahluka, kunye negolide kunye nesilivere ezenza izakhiwo ezizinzileyo kakhulu, ngelixa ezinye iziseko zesinyithi zenza iikhompleksi ezizinzile ngaphantsi kweemeko ezithile.

Ngokomzekelo, kwi-copper-ore yegolide, ubhedu lunokususwa kuqala ngezinye iindlela ezifana ne-flotation okanye i-acid leaching. Emva koko, i-sodium cyanide ingasetyenziselwa ukukhupha igolide eseleyo. Oku kuchithwa okukhethiweyo kuvumela ukwahlula ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokucocwa kweentsimbi ezixabisekileyo ezivela kwi-ores enzima.

Ukuntsonkotha koKusulungekiswa

Emva kokuba i-metal - i-cyanide complexes yenziwe, inokuqhutyelwa phambili ukuhlanjululwa. Ngokomzekelo, kwimeko yokukhutshwa kwegolide, emva kokubunjwa kweNa[Au (CN) ₂], i-complex inokwahlulwa kwizinto ezingcolileyo kwisisombululo. I-complex ye-cyanide inokunyangwa nge-arhente yokunciphisa ukukhupha igolide ecocekileyo. Kwezinye iimeko, i-metal - cyanide complexes ingasetyenziselwa kwiinkqubo ze-electroplating. Kwi-electroplating, i-metal - cyanide complex isebenza njengomthombo weeoni zetsimbi. I-cyanide ion kwi-complex inceda ukulawula izinga lokubeka isinyithi kwi-substrate, okukhokelela kwi-uniform kunye ne-adherent metal coating.

Iingqwalasela zokusiNgqongileyo noKhuseleko

Nangona iluncedo ekusebenzeni kwamaminerali, i-sodium cyanide inetyhefu kakhulu. Kwanemilinganiselo emincinci inokuba yingozi xa ityiwe, irholiwe, okanye ifunxeka eluswini. Kwimekobume, ukuba i-sodium cyanide ikhutshwe, inokubangela ingozi enkulu kubomi basemanzini nakwizinto eziphilayo ezisemhlabeni. I-Cyanide inokusabela emanzini ukwenza i-hydrogen cyanide (HCN), irhasi eguquguqukayo nenetyhefu.

Ukunciphisa le mingcipheko, ukhuseleko olungqongqo kunye nemimiselo yokusingqongileyo ilawula ukusetyenziswa, ukugcinwa, kunye nokuthuthwa kwe-sodium cyanide kwishishini lokulungisa izimbiwa. Amaziko okumbiwa kwemigodi kunye nokucubungula kufuneka afezekise ukugcinwa okufanelekileyo kunye neenkqubo zonyango ukuthintela ukukhutshwa kwe-cyanide - equlethe inkunkuma. Umzekelo, iindlela zonyango ezifana ne-alkaline chlorination, i-hydrogen peroxide oxidation, kunye ne-sulfur dioxide - i-air oxidation isetyenziselwa ukuphula i-cyanide emanzini amdaka ngaphambi kokuba ikhutshwe.

isiphelo

Isodium cyanide idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekusetyenzweni kwezimbiwa, ngakumbi ekukhutshweni kweentsimbi ezixabisekileyo njengegolide nesilivere kunye nokwahlulwa kwesinyithi kunye neenkqubo zokucocwa. Ikhono layo lokwenza ii-complexes ezizinzile kunye nee-ion ezithile zetsimbi zenza i-reagent esebenzayo. Nangona kunjalo, ubutyhefu bayo obugqithisileyo bufuna ukhuseleko olungqongqo kunye nokulawulwa kokusingqongileyo. Njengoko ishishini lemigodi liqhubeka nokuguquka, kukho imfuneko ekhulayo yokuphuhlisa ezinye iindlela ezinokufikelela kwiziphumo ezifanayo ngaphandle kweengozi ezinxulumene nokusebenzisa i-sodium cyanide. Nangona kunjalo, okwangoku, i-sodium cyanide ihlala iyikhemikhali ebalulekileyo kwi-toolkit ye-mineral processing toolkit, kunye nezicelo zayo zilungelelaniswe ngononophelo ngokuchasene nesidingo sokhuseleko kunye nokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo.