Imilinganiselo yokuPhendula ngokuNgxamisekileyo yokuvuza kweSodium Cyanide emanzini

1. intshayelelo

I-sodium cyanide yikhemikhali enobungozi kakhulu. Xa ivuza emanzini, inokubangela umonakalo omkhulu kwindalo esingqongileyo nakwimpilo yabantu. Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukuthatha amanyathelo okuphendula ngokukhawuleza nangokusebenzayo . Eli nqaku liza kwazisa ngeendlela zokuphatha ngokukhawuleza ukuvuza kwe -sodium cyanide emanzini ngokweenkcukacha.

2. Kwindawo yoLawulo kunye nesilumkiso

2.1. Phambi kokuFika kwamaQela oBuchule

Kwimeko apho iSodium Cyanide ivuza emanzini ngexesha lokuthuthwa okanye ukugcinwa kwayo, ukuba abasebenzi kwindawo leyo banezixhobo okanye amanyathelo okuvala asebenzayo kwaye banokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwabo, kufuneka benze imisebenzi yokuvala ngokukhawuleza ukulawula ubungakanani bokuvuza. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba akukho meko injalo, kufuneka baxele ngengozi ngoko nangoko kwaye babe noxanduva lokuseta isilumkiso kwindawo yengozi.

Ngokutsho kohlelo luka-2000 lweNorth American Chemical Rescue Guide, xa isixa esikhulu (ngaphezulu kwe-200 kg) seSodium cyanide sivuza emanzini, i-radius yokwahlulwa kwengxamiseko ayifanele ibe ngaphantsi kwe-95 m. Ngokubanzi, abasebenzi kwindawo kufuneka bamisele indawo yesilumkiso malunga ne-500 - 10000 m ngokwevolumu yokuvuza kwe-sodium cyanide, imeko yokusasazeka kwayo, kunye nendawo echaphazelekayo. Kwangaxeshanye, ququzelela abasebenzi ukuba babeke izilumkiso kuzo zombini iibhanki zemilambo okanye ezijikeleze amachibi, kwaye bathintele ngokungqongqo yonke imisebenzi efana nokusela amanzi, ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi, kunye nokuloba.

2.2. Emva kokuFika kwamaQela oBuchule

Xa isebe lomlilo okanye iqela leempendulo likaxakeka lifika kwindawo yexhwayelo, baya kuthatha umsebenzi wolawulo lwendawo. Baza kuphinda bahlole imeko, bomeleze indawo yokulumkisa, kwaye baqinisekise ukuba akukho basebenzi abangagunyaziswanga okanye izithuthi ezingena kuloo ndawo. Baya kusebenzisa izixhobo zobuchwephesha ukufumanisa ukuxinana kwe-sodium cyanide emanzini kunye noluhlu lwe-diffusion, ukwenzela ukubonelela ngesiseko samanyathelo onyango olulandelayo.

3. Ukucoceka kokusingqongileyo - up

3.1. Imiqobo yokwakha

Elinye lamanyathelo okuqala ekucoceni okusingqongileyo kukwakha imiqobo. Umzekelo, ukwakhiwa komlambo - ukuvala idama ecaleni komlambo kunokuthintela amanzi omlambo angcolisekileyo ukuba angahambi ezantsi, ngokwenjenjalo kuncitshiswe umda wongcoliseko. Oku kufuna ukuba abasebenzi abakwisiza baqinisekise ngokukhawuleza indawo efanelekileyo yokwakha idama ngokwendawo kunye neemeko zokuqukuqela kwamanzi.

3.2. I-Chemical Neutralization

Emva kokwakha umqobo, isinyathelo esilandelayo kukunciphisa i-ion cyanide emanzini angcolileyo. Isixa esikhulu se-quicklime (i-calcium oxide) okanye i-calcium hypochlorite inokufakwa kumzimba wamanzi ongcolileyo. Ezi zinto zinokusabela nge-sodium cyanide emanzini ukuze zinciphise ii-ion ze-cyanide kunye nokunciphisa ubuthi bazo. Ubungakanani bemichiza eyongeziweyo bufuna ukumiselwa ngokwenqanaba longcoliseko kunye nomthamo wamanzi angcolisekileyo. Ngesiqhelo, abasebenzi abaqeqeshiweyo bokhuselo lokusingqongileyo baya kubala kwaye bakhokele umsebenzi.

Ukuba ungcoliseko luqatha, kusenokuba yimfuneko ukuvula umjelo omtsha onyuka umjelo ukuphambukisa amanzi acocekileyo ukusuka phezulu ukuya kudlula indawo engcolisekileyo. Le ndlela inokunciphisa amanzi angcolileyo kwaye inciphise ukuxinwa kwe-sodium cyanide emanzini ukuya kwinqanaba elithile.

3.3. Unyango lweMicro - i-soluble okanye i-Insoluble Cyanide - equlethe Izinto

Ukuba into evuzayo ilulwelo lwenitrile oluncibilikayo oluncinci okanye olunganyibilikiyo (njengezinye iintlobo zemixube yenitrile), amanyathelo ahlukeneyo kufuneka athathwe ngokobuninzi bayo.

Kwizinto ezinoxinano olukhulu kunolo lwamanzi (ezifana nephenylacetonitrile), ngokukhawuleza, umsele wokuqokelela okanye umngxuma kufuneka ugrunjwe ezantsi kwendawo yokuvuza emazantsi omlambo okanye echibini. Kwangaxeshanye, idike kufuneka yakhiwe ezantsi komjelo wengqokelela okanye umngxuma ukunqanda ukuvuza ukuba kuqukuqelele ezantsi.

Kwizinto ezinoxinano olungaphantsi kunolo lwamanzi (ezifana ne-valeronitrile, phenylacetonitrile), idike, idama, umnatha wokucoca, okanye ucingo oludadayo kufuneka lwakhiwe ngokukhawuleza ezantsi kumbindi wamanzi avuzayo ukunciphisa ummandla wamanzi angcolisekileyo.

4. Ukufunyanwa koMgangatho waManzi

Ukufunyanwa rhoqo komgangatho wamanzi yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yenkqubo yokusabela ngokukhawuleza. Abasebenzi bokukhangela kufuneka basebenzise izixhobo zovavanyo lobuchwephesha ukuze babone rhoqo umgangatho wamanzi kwindawo engcolisekileyo. Eyona njongo iphambili kukumisela umda wongcoliseko lwecyanide emanzini.

Ukuba i-concentration efunyenweyo ye-sodium cyanide emanzini idlula umgangatho kwindawo enkulu kunokuba ilindeleke, kunokufuneka ukuba kwandiswe indawo yokulumkisa ngexesha elifanelekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwendalo engqongileyo kunye nabantu. Ukufunyanwa komgangatho wamanzi kufuneka kuqhutywe ngokuqhubekayo de umgangatho wamanzi ubuyele kwisiqhelo kwaye uhlangabezane nemigangatho efanelekileyo yokusingqongileyo.

5. Amanyathelo okhuseleko

5.1. Ukukhuselwa komntu

Bonke abasebenzi abakwisiza, kubandakanywa abaphenduli bokuqala, abasebenzi bokucoca, kunye nabavavanyi bomgangatho wamanzi, kufuneka banxibe izixhobo ezifanelekileyo zokuzikhusela. Oku kubandakanya izixhobo zokuphefumla zomoya, iisuti zokhuselo lweekhemikhali ezivaliweyo ngokupheleleyo, kunye neeglavu ezixhathisa ngemichiza. Ingqwalasela ekhethekileyo kufuneka ihlawulwe ekuthinteleni ulusu ukuba lungadibani namanzi angcolileyo, njengoko i-sodium cyanide inokufunxwa ngesikhumba kwaye ibangele ityhefu.

5.2. Ukuphepha Ungcoliseko Lwesibini

Ngethuba lenkqubo yokuphendula ngokukhawuleza, kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo enkulu ukuphepha ukungcola okwesibini. Umzekelo, amanzi amdaka aveliswa ngexesha lokucoca kufuneka aqokelelwe ngokufanelekileyo kwaye acocwe. Akufunekanga ikhutshwe ngokuthe ngqo kwezinye iindawo zamanzi ngaphandle konyango. Zonke izinto ezilahlwayo, ezifana nezinto ezifunxayo ezisetyenziselwa ukucoca ukuvuza, kufuneka kwakhona zilahlwe ngokufanelekileyo ukuthintela ukuvuza kwe-sodium cyanide.

5.3. Ulwazi loLuntu kunye noNxibelelwano

Kuyimfuneko ukwazisa uluntu ngexesha elifanelekileyo malunga nengozi yokuvuza kwe-sodium cyanide kunye nenkqubela phambili yamanyathelo okuphendula ngokukhawuleza. Uluntu kufuneka lwaziswe ukuba lungasebenzisi amanzi angcolileyo kwaye lungatyi iintlanzi ezibanjwe kwindawo engcolileyo. Kwangaxeshanye, ukubekwa esweni komthombo wamanzi kufuneka kuqiniswe, iisampulu kufuneka zithathwe rhoqo kwaye kwiindawo ezimiselweyo, kwaye iziphumo zokubeka iliso kufuneka zibhengezwe ngexesha elifanelekileyo ukuthomalalisa uloyiko loluntu kunye nokugcina uzinzo kwintlalontle.

Ukuqukumbela, xa i-sodium cyanide ivuza emanzini, uchungechunge lwezenzululwazi kunye neendlela ezisebenzayo zokuphendula ngokukhawuleza kufuneka zithathwe ngokukhawuleza. Ngolawulo lwendawo, ukucocwa kwendalo, ukubonwa komgangatho wamanzi, kunye nokuphunyezwa ngokungqongqo kwamanyathelo okhuseleko, ubungozi obubangelwa kukuvuza kwe-sodium cyanide kunokuncitshiswa ukukhusela okusingqongileyo kunye nempilo yoluntu.