Inqubo Yokutholwa Kwe-Acidification Ye-Sodium Cyanide Nezinsimbi Ezisindayo Ezisuka Emanzini Angcolile

Isingeniso

Amanzi angcolile aqukethe i-cyanide akhiqizwa ezinqubweni ezehlukene zezimboni ezifana nezimayini zegolide, i-electroplating, nokukhiqizwa kwamakhemikhali. Ngenxa yobuthi obuphezulu be i-cyanide, ukuchithwa okungafanele kwala manzi angcolile kungabangela ukungcoliswa okukhulu kwemvelo kanye nokulimala empilweni yomuntu. Ngakho-ke, ukwelashwa nokubuyiselwa kwezinsiza zamanzi angcolile ane-cyanide kube yizindaba ezibalulekile. Phakathi kwezindlela zokwelapha, Ukubuyiselwa kwe-Acidification of I-Sodium Cyanide kanye nezinsimbi ezisindayo kuyindlela esetshenziswa kabanzi futhi ephumelelayo, engagcini nje ngokunciphisa ubungozi bemvelo kodwa futhi eqaphela ukugaywa kabusha kwezinsiza ezibalulekile.

Isimiso Sokubuyisela I-Acidification

Ukuguqulwa kwe-Cyanide kuya ku-Hydrogen Cyanide (HCN)

Enqubweni ye-acidification, ama-asidi aqinile afana ne-sulfuric acid afakwa emanzini angcolile aqukethe i-cyanide. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezine-acidic, ama-ion amahhala e-cyanide emanzini angcolile ashintsha abe yi-hydrogen cyanide (HCN). I-Hydrogen cyanide iyinhlanganisela eguquguqukayo. Uma i-pH yamanzi angcolile ilungiswa ibe inani eliphansi, ngokuvamile elingaphansi kuka-2. ukusabela kungenzeka kuqhubeke, kube lula ukuguqulwa kwama-ion e-cyanide abe yigesi ye-HCN.

Ukubuyiselwa kweSodium Cyanide

Igesi ye-HCN ekhiqiziwe bese yethulwa embhoshongweni wokumuncwa kwe-alkali. Ngaphakathi kombhoshongo, isabela ngesisombululo se-sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Njengoba impendulo iqhubeka, i-sodium cyanide (I-NaCN) iyakhiwa futhi iqongelela esixazululweni sokumuncwa. Lapho ukugxila kwe-NaCN esixazululweni kufinyelela cishe ku-10% - 12%, ingagaywa kabusha futhi isetshenziswe kabusha ezinqubweni ezifanele zezimboni, njengenqubo yokucwiliswa kwezimayini zegolide.

Ukukhishwa kanye Nemvula Yezinsimbi Ezisindayo

Ngaphandle kwe-cyanide yamahhala, amanzi angcolile ngokuvamile aqukethe izinsimbi ezisindayo ne-cyanide, njengalezo zethusi ne-zinc. Ngaphansi kwezimo ze-acidic, lezi zinkimbinkimbi ziyaphuka. Uma ama-ion ensimbi esindayo esekhululiwe, angakha usawoti ongancibiliki futhi ahlehlise ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile. Isibonelo, ukulungisa inani le-pH noma ukungeza ama-ejenti athile angenisa imvula kungabangela ama-ion ekhopha enze imvula.

Izinyathelo Zezinqubo

Isinyathelo 1: Ukulungiswa Kwamanzi Angcolile

I-alkaline cyanide - equkethe amanzi angcolile anezinga eliphezulu kakhulu iqala idlule kwisishintshi sokushisa sesititi ukuze ilawule izinga lokushisa layo. Ngokuvamile, izinga lokushisa ligcinwa ngaphakathi kwebanga lika-20 - 25 ° C. Lokhu kulawulwa kwezinga lokushisa kusiza ukuthuthukisa izinga lokusabela okulandelayo futhi kuqinisekise ukuzinza kwenqubo. Ukugxiliswa kwe-cyanide emanzini angcolile okugxilile kakhulu ngokuvamile kusuka ku-5000 - 5500 ppm, futhi inani le-pH liphakathi kuka-10.5 - 12.5.

Isinyathelo sesi-2: I-Acidification

Amanzi angcolile ahlanzwe ngaphambilini afakwa embhoshongweni wesifutho se-acidification ngesilinganiso esithile sokugeleza, isibonelo, 2 m³/h. Khona-ke, i-sulfuric acid egxilile iyengezwa. Inani le-sulfuric acid engeziwe liyalungiswa ngokuvumelana nezici zamanzi angcolile, ngokuvamile angu-25 - 30 kg/m³, ukuze kwehlise inani le-pH lamanzi angcolile libe ngaphansi kuka-2. Ukushisa okukhishwe ngesikhathi sokwengezwa kwe-sulfuric acid kungasheshisa ukusabela, okwenza kube lula ukuthi ama-ion e-cyanide amahhala emanzini angcolile aguquke abe i-HCN eguquguqukayo.

Isinyathelo sesi-3: I-HCN Generation and Separation

Endaweni ene-acidic eqinile yombhoshongo we-acidification spray, ukuguqulwa kwe-cyanide ku-HCN kuyakhuthazwa. Igesi ye-HCN eyakhiwe ibe isidonswa i-vacuum centrifugal fan bese ingena esigabeni esilandelayo - umbhoshongo wokumuncwa kwe-alkali. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, njengoba inani le-pH lincipha, amanye ama-ion ensimbi esindayo emanzini angcolile aqala ukushintsha. Ngokwesibonelo, ukugcwala kwama-ion ethusi emanzini angcolile kungase kwehle, futhi ezinye izinsimbi ezisindayo ziqale ukwakha imvula.

Isinyathelo sesi-4: Ukumuncwa kanye Nokubuyiselwa Kwesodium Cyanide

Igesi ye-HCN ingena embhoshongweni wokumuncwa kwe-alkali futhi imuncwa isixazululo se-NaOH esingu-20% - 30%. Uketshezi olumunca i-alkali embhoshongweni luyagaywa kabusha, futhi phakathi nenqubo yokugaywa kabusha, kusetshenziswa ifeni ukuqinisekisa ukuthi igesi ye-HCN imuncwa ngokuphindaphindiwe. Njengoba ukusabela kokumuncwa kuqhubeka, ukugxila kwe-NaCN oketshezini lokumuncwa kuyanda kancane kancane. Lapho ukugxila kwe-NaCN kufinyelela ku-10% - 12%, kungabuyiselwa enqubweni yokucwiliswa ukuze isetshenziswe kabusha, ngaleyo ndlela kuzuzwe ukululama. I-sodium cyanide.

Isinyathelo sesi-5: I-Heavy Metal Precipitation and Separation

Ngamanzi angcolile ngemva kokukhululwa kwe-HCN, njengoba ezinye zensimbi ezisindayo - izakhiwo ze-cyanide ziphukile ngaphansi kwezimo ezine-asidi, ukwelashwa okwengeziwe kungenziwa ukuze kuncishiswe izinsimbi ezisindayo. Isibonelo, ukulungisa inani le-pH lamanzi angcolile kububanzi be-alkaline kungakha ama-hydroxide ensimbi esindayo ashona phansi. Bese-ke, izindlela eziqinile - zokuhlukanisa uketshezi ezifana nokuhlunga noma ukucwiliswa phansi zingasetshenziswa ukuhlukanisa izinsimbi ezisindayo emanzini angcolile, kuzuzwe ukukhishwa nokubuyiselwa kwezinsimbi ezinzima.

Izinzuzo Zendlela Yokubuyisela I-Acidification

Ukugaywa kabusha kwezinsiza

Indlela yokubuyisela i-acidification ingabuyisa ngempumelelo i-sodium cyanide ku-cyanide - equkethe amanzi angcolile, angasetshenziswa kabusha ezinqubweni ezifanele zezimboni, ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide entsha kanye nokwehlisa izindleko zokukhiqiza. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinsimbi ezisindayo nazo zingatholakala, kuguqule imfucuza ibe izinsiza ezibalulekile.

Izindleko - Ukusebenza kahle

Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izindlela zokwelapha ezigxile kuphela ekucekeleni phansi i-cyanide, indlela yokuthola i-acidification ayigcini nje ngokuphatha amanzi angcolile kodwa futhi ibuyisela izinto ezibalulekile. Nakuba kudinga ukusetshenziswa kwe-asidi ne-alkali, inani le-sodium cyanide etholiwe kanye nezinsimbi ezisindayo kunganciphisa ingxenye yezindleko zokwelashwa, okwenza ukwelashwa kukonke kube nezindleko ezingaphezulu - kusebenza kahle ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Ubungane Bemvelo

Ngokuthola i-sodium cyanide nezinsimbi ezisindayo, inani lokungcola emanzini angcolile lehla kakhulu. Amanzi angcolile acociwe anokuqukethwe okuphansi kwe-cyanide nezinsimbi ezisindayo, okungcono kakhulu ekukhishweni okulandelayo noma ukwelashwa okwengeziwe, okunciphisa umthelela omubi endaweni ezungezile.

Ukusetshenziswa Kwenqubo Yokubuyisela I-Acidification

Ukusetshenziswa kwendlela yokuthola i-acidification ye-cyanide - equkethe amanzi angcolile ikakhulukazi i-sulfuric acid, i-caustic soda (NaOH), i-lime, nogesi. Ebusika, kuyadingeka ukushisa kuqala amanzi angcolile, ngakho-ke umusi ubuye udliwe.

1.Ukusetshenziswa Kwe-Acid

• Ukuguqulwa kwe-Cyanide kuya ku-HCN: Inani le-sulfuric acid elidingekayo ukuguqula i-cyanide emanzini angcolile ibe yi-HCN lincike ekugxilweni kwe-cyanide emanzini angcolile. Isibonelo, ukwelapha u-1 m³ wamanzi angcolile nge-cyanide concentration engu-5000 ppm, inani elithile le-sulfuric acid liyadingeka kulokhu kuguqulwa.

• Ukufakwa kwe-Acid emanzini Angcolile: Ngaphandle kwe-asidi yokuguqulwa kwe-cyanide, i-asidi eyengeziwe isetshenziselwa ukulungisa amanzi angcolile abe sezingeni elifanele le-asidi. Inani elidingekayo ukuze wehlise i-pH ibe ngaphansi kuka-2 yisici esibalulekile.

• Ukusabela nge-Alkali emanzini Angcolile: Kungase kube khona izinto ezine-alkaline emanzini angcolile ezisabela nge-sulfuric acid, kodwa ngokuvamile, lokhu kusetshenziswa kuncane uma kuqhathaniswa namanani asetshenziselwa ukuguqulwa kwe-cyanide nokwenza i-asidi.

• Ukusabela nge-carbonate ku-WasteUma izinto zokusetshenziswa eziqukethe i-cyanide zinomphumela ophezulu I-Carbonokuqukethwe okudliwayo, njengakwezinye izindawo ezimanzi ze-cyanide, i-carbonate izosabela ne-asidi ukuze yakhe i-carbon dioxide. Ezimweni ezinjalo, ukusetshenziswa kwe-sulfuric acid kuzokwanda kakhulu, futhi lezi zinto zingase zingabi yindawo efanele yokwelashwa ngendlela yokubuyisa i-asidi.

2.Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Alkali: I-Caustic soda (NaOH) isetshenziswa embhoshongweni wokumuncwa kwe-alkali ukuze imunce i-HCN futhi yakhe i-NaCN. Inani le-NaOH elisetshenzisiwe lihlobene nenani le-HCN elikhiqizwayo kanye nokusebenza kahle kokumuncwa.

3.Ukusebenzisa Umcako: Kwezinye izimo, i-lime ingasetshenziswa ekwelapheni okulandelayo kwamanzi angcolile, njengokulungisa ivelu ye-pH yemvula yensimbi enzima. Inani lomcako odingekayo lincike ohlotsheni kanye nokugcwala kwezinsimbi ezisindayo emanzini angcolile kanye nebanga elidingekayo lokulungiswa kwe-pH.

4.Ugesi kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-Steam: Ugesi usetshenziswa amathuluzi afana namaphampu, izifeni, namafeni e-vacuum centrifugal ngenkathi kuqhubeka inqubo. Ebusika, lapho kushisa kuqala amanzi angcolile, isitimu siyasetshenziswa ukuze kunyuswe izinga lokushisa libe sezingeni elifanele lokusabela.

Isiphetho

Indlela yokuthola i-acidification ye-cyanide - equkethe amanzi angcolile ukuze kubuyiselwe i-sodium cyanide nezinsimbi ezisindayo ubuchwepheshe bokwelapha obuphelele nobusebenzayo. Ngokulandela izinyathelo ezithile zenqubo, ayikwazi ukususa kuphela i-cyanide enobuthi nezinsimbi ezisindayo emanzini angcolile kodwa futhi iphinde isebenzise izinsiza ezibalulekile. Nakuba kukhona ukusetshenziswa okuthile kwempahla namandla kule nqubo, uma kucatshangelwa izinzuzo zayo zemvelo nezomnotho, kunamathuba amaningi okusebenza ekwelapheni i-cyanide - equkethe amanzi angcolile. Kodwa-ke, ekusebenzeni kwangempela, izinyathelo zokuphepha eziqinile kufanele zithathwe ngenxa yobuthi begesi ye-HCN. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukulungiswa okuqhubekayo kwemingcele yenqubo kuyadingeka ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kokutakula nokunciphisa izindleko.