Indlela yokusebenza ye-agent leaching sodium cyanide

1. intshayelelo

Sodium i-cyanide (NaCN) ibalulekile I-arhente ephumayo ekukhutshweni kweentsimbi ezixabisekileyo, ngakumbi igolide nesilivere. Ukusetyenziswa kwayo kushishino lwezimayini kuqale emva kwenkulungwane ye-19, kwaye ukusukela ngoko ibe yinxalenye yenkqubo ye-hydrometallurgical yokubuyisela ezi zinyithi zixabisekileyo kwi-ores yazo. Eli nqaku ligocagoca kwindlela eneenkcukacha zendlela Isodium cyanide imisebenzi kwi Inkqubo leaching, ikhanyisa indlela esebenza ngayo imichiza, indima yezinto ezahlukahlukeneyo, nokubaluleka kwayo ekukhutshweni kweentsimbi ezixabisekileyo.

2. Iimpawu zeMichiza yeSodium Cyanide

Isodium cyanide yinto eqinileyo emhlophe, eyikristale enyibilika lula emanzini. Kwisisombululo esinamanzi, siqhekeza kwi-sodium ions (Na +) kunye Iiyoni zecyanide (CN-). Iion yecyanide licandelo eliphambili elinoxanduva lokukhupha iintsimbi ezixabisekileyo. Njengeligand eyomeleleyo, inobudlelwane obuphezulu bee-ion zentsimbi, ngakumbi igolide nesilivere. Le propati ivumela ukuba yenze ii-complexes ezizinzileyo kunye nezi zinyithi, ezisisiseko kwindima yayo njenge-agent leaching.

3. Inkqubo yokuLeaching yeGolide kunye neSilivere ngeSodium Cyanide

3.1 Iintshukumo zeMichiza

Xa leaching igolide usebenzisa Isodium cyanide, ukusabela kwenzeka kubukho be-oksijini kwindawo enamanzi. I-Cyanide ion yenza i-soluble complex enegolide, kunye ne-oksijini esebenza njenge-oxidizing agent ukuququzelela inkqubo. Ukusabela okufanayo kwenzeka xa kutsalwa isilivere, apho iiathom zesilivere zisabela sodium cyanide kunye neoksijini ukwenza i-soluble silver-cyanide complex.

3.2 Amanyathelo okusabela kwiNqanaba leMolekyuli

Ukusasazeka: I-sodium cyanide iyahlukana emanzini ukukhulula ii-ion ze-cyanide. Ezi ion ze-cyanide, kunye neemolekyuli ze-oksijini ezinyibilikileyo, zihamba ngesisombululo ukufikelela kumphezulu wegolide okanye iincinci zesilivere ngaphakathi kwe-ore. Isantya solu kusasazeko sinokuphenjelelwa zizinto ezifana nobushushu, ukuphazamiseka, kunye ne-viscosity yesisombululo. Amaqondo obushushu aphezulu kunye nesiphithiphithi esomelele ngakumbi siphakamisa izinga lokusasaza ngokunyusa amandla e-molecular kinetic kunye nokuphucula ukuxutywa kwesisombululo.

I-Adsorption: Kanye kumphezulu wesinyithi, ii-ion ze-cyanide kunye ne-oxygen molekyuli zinamathele kumphezulu wegolide okanye isilivere. I-adsorption ye-cyanide ion ikhetha kakhulu ngenxa yobudlelwane obuqinileyo besinyithi. I-oxygen adsorption ibaluleke ngokulinganayo njengoko inika amandla ayimfuneko oxidizing kwimpendulo elandelayo.

Electrochemical Reaction: Kumda phakathi kwesinyithi kunye nesisombululo, i-electrochemical reaction iyenzeka. Igolide okanye iiathom zesilivere kumphezulu zixutywe nge-oxidized, zijika zibe yi-ion zetsimbi. Ezi ion zesinyithi emva koko zisabela kunye ne-adsorbed cyanide ion ukwenza i-soluble metal-cyanide complexes. I-oxidation yesinyithi ikhupha ii-electron, ezidliwayo ngexesha lokunciphisa i-oksijini kwisisombululo.

I-Desorption kunye nokusabalalisa kude: I-metal-cyanide complexes eyenziwe yi-metal-cyanide ikhupha kwi-metal surface kwaye ihlakazeke kumzimba oyintloko wesisombululo. Oku kucoca indlela yeeyoni ezintsha ze-cyanide kunye neemolekyuli ze-oksijini ukuba zibhengeze kumphezulu wesinyithi, okwenza ukuba inkqubo yokucoca iqhubeke.

4. Imiba echaphazela ukusebenza kakuhle kweSodium Cyanide

4.1 Uxinzelelo lweSodium Cyanide

Isixa se-sodium cyanide kwisisombululo se-leaching sichaphazela kakhulu izinga le-leaching. Ekuqaleni, njengoko i-concentration ye-sodium cyanide inyuka, kunjalo nesantya apho igolide kunye nesilivere zitsalwa khona, njengoko ii-ion ze-cyanide ezininzi zifumaneka ukusabela ngesinyithi. Kodwa ngaphaya kwendawo ethile, izinga le-leaching linokuyeka ukunyuka okanye lihle. Oku kunokwenzeka ngenxa yokuba ekugxininiseni okuphezulu, ii-ion ze-cyanide zidibana namanzi zenze i-hydrogen cyanide, into eguqukayo ephuma kwisisombululo, icuthe ukuhlangana okusebenzayo kweeyoni ze-cyanide xa ziphuma.

4.2 Uxinzelelo lweOxygen

Ioksijini ibalulekile kwinkqubo ye-sodium cyanide leaching. Kudingeka i-oxidize igolide kunye nesilivere, inyathelo elifunekayo ngaphambi kokuba benze ii-complexes kunye ne-cyanide ions. Amanqanaba aphezulu e-oksijini enyibilikileyo kwisisombululo ngokubanzi akhokelela kumazinga okukhawuleza okukhupha. Kuba ioksijini inokunyibilika okulinganiselweyo emanzini, iinkqubo zokuvuza kwimizi-mveliso zihlala zisebenzisa iindlela ezinje nge-aeration okanye umoya otyetyisiweyo weoksijini ukonyusa uxinzelelo lweoksijini.

I-4.3 pH yeSisombululo

I-pH yesisombululo se-leaching ibalulekile ekugcineni uzinzo lwee-ion ze-cyanide kunye nenkqubo yonke yokucoca. Iiyoni ze-cyanide zihlala zizinzile kwizisombululo ze-alkaline. Kwiimeko ezineasidi, zidibana ne-hydrogen ion zenze ityhefu ephezulu kunye negesi ye-hydrogen cyanide eguqukayo. Ukuze ugweme oku kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuzinza kwe-cyanide ions, i-pH yesisombululo se-leaching ivame ukugcinwa phakathi kwe-10 kunye ne-11. I-Lime idla ngokudityaniswa kwisisombululo ukulungisa nokugcina i-pH kwinqanaba elifanelekileyo.

4.4 Ubushushu

Ubushushu buchaphazela inkqubo yokukhutshwa kwamanzi ngeendlela ezininzi. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukunyuka kweqondo lokushisa kukhawuleza ukusabela kweekhemikhali, kubandakanywa ukusasazwa kwee-reactants, i-adsorption ye-cyanide ion kunye neoksijini kumphezulu wesinyithi, kunye ne-electrochemical reaction. Nangona kunjalo, kukho iingxaki. Kubushushu obuphezulu, ii-ion ze-cyanide zinokwenzeka ukuba zingene kwi-hydrolysis, ekhokelela ekulahlekeni kwe-cyanide njengegesi ye-hydrogen cyanide. Ngaphezu koko, amaqondo obushushu aphezulu anokunyusa ukunyibilika kokungcola kwi-ore, enokuthi iphazamise inkqubo yokucoca okanye ibangele ukusetyenziswa okugqithisileyo kweeion ze-cyanide. Ngokwesiqhelo, iqondo lobushushu elivuzayo lihlala limalunga ne-20 - 30 °C, nangona amaqondo obushushu aphezulu anokusetyenziswa ukuba kuthathwe amanyathelo afanelekileyo okulawula icyanide hydrolysis.

4.5 Ubungakanani besuntswana lentsimbi ekrwada

Ubungakanani bamaqhekeza e-ore buchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-leaching. I-ores ene-finer-grained inikezela indawo enkulu yendawo yokusabela phakathi kweengqungquthela zetsimbi kunye nesisombululo se-leaching. Oku kukhuthaza ukusasazwa okukhawulezileyo kweeyoni zecyanide kunye neoksijini kumphezulu wesinyithi kunye nokwakheka okukhawulezayo kwee-metal-cyanide complexes, okukhokelela kwizinga eliphezulu lokuvuza. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-ores e-coarser-grained ores inokufuna ixesha elide le-leaching okanye ukucubungula okunzulu ukufezekisa inqanaba elifanayo lokubuyisela isinyithi.

5. Ukubaluleka kokuqondwa kweMechanism

Ukuqonda indlela esebenza ngayo i-sodium cyanide kwinkqubo yokukhutshwa kwamanzi kubaluleke kakhulu kwishishini lemigodi. Ivumela iinjineli kunye nee-metallurgists ukuba zilungelelanise iiparamitha zenkqubo ye-leaching, ezinje ngoxinaniso lwe-reagent, i-pH, ubushushu, kunye nobungakanani bamasuntswana, ukunyusa amaxabiso okubuyisela isinyithi. Ngokusebenzisa ezi zinto, imboni inokukhupha iintsimbi ezixabisekileyo ngokufanelekileyo, ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-reagent, kunye nokunciphisa impembelelo yokusingqongileyo yokusebenzisa i-sodium cyanide. Ukongeza, olu lwazi lunokuqhuba uphuhliso lwetekhnoloji entsha nesebenzayo ngakumbi, mhlawumbi ngokuphucula iinkqubo ezikhoyo ezisekelwe kwi-cyanide okanye ukujonga ezinye ii-agent leaching.

6. Isiphelo

Isodium cyanide idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekutsalweni kweentsimbi ezixabisekileyo ngenkqubo yokuvuza. Ngokuqonda indlela esebenza ngayo, kunye nemiba ephembelela ukusebenza kwayo, ishishini lezimayini lingaqhubeka nokuphucula ukusebenza kwalo, lisenza ukukhutshwa kwegolide nesilivere kuzinze ngakumbi kwaye kusebenze kakuhle. Uphando lwexesha elizayo lunokugxila ekuphuculeni ngakumbi iinkqubo ze-cyanide-based leaching okanye ukuphuhlisa ezinye iindlela ezintsha ezinokunciphisa iingozi zokusingqongileyo ezinxulumene nokusetyenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide.