I-Sodium Cyanide: Ubutyhefu kunye neMilinganiselo yoNcedo lokuQala

Sodium i-cyanide (I-NaCN) yi-compound enetyhefu eyingozi kakhulu ebeka imingcipheko ebalulekileyo kwimpilo yabantu kunye nokusingqongileyo. Eli nqaku lijolise ekunikeni ukuqonda okubanzi ngobutyhefu bayo kunye nezinto ezibalulekileyo Amanyathelo oncedo lokuqala kwimeko yokuvezwa.

Ukuqonda ubutyhefu beSodium Cyanide

Indlela yobutyhefu

Isodium cyanide ikhupha iiyoni zecyanide (CN-) xa idibana namanzi okanye iiasidi. Ezi ion ze-cyanide zinobudlelwane obuphezulu kakhulu bentsimbi kwi-cytochrome oxidase, i-enzyme ebalulekileyo kwikhonkco lokuthutha i-electron kwiiseli. Ngokuzibophelela kwi-cytochrome oxidase, i-cyanide iphazamisa ukuhamba okuqhelekileyo kwee-electron, ngokufanelekileyo ukumisa ukuphefumla kwe-aerobic. Ngenxa yoko, iiseli azikwazi ukusebenzisa ioksijini ukuvelisa amandla ngendlela ye-adenosine triphosphate (ATP), ekhokelela ekufeni ngokukhawuleza kweeseli.

Iindlela zokuSebenza

1. Inhalation: Ukuphefumla igesi yecyanide, enokuveliswa xa Isodium cyanide ichaphazeleka neeasidi okanye ubushushu, yenye yeendlela eziyingozi zokuvezwa. Nokuba isixa esincinci se-cyanide evuzayo sinokungena ngokukhawuleza kwigazi ngemiphunga kwaye ibangele ubuthi benkqubo.

2. Ukungenisa: Ukuginya Isodium cyanide nangaluphi na uhlobo, nokuba yinto eqinileyo, inyibilikiswe emanzini, okanye ekutyeni okanye kwiziselo ezingcolisekileyo, nako kunokukhokelela kwityhefu eqatha. Indawo ene-asidi yesisu inokukhawulezisa ukukhululwa kweeyoni ze-cyanide, ukwandisa isantya sokungena emzimbeni.

3. Dermal Uqhagamshelwano: Nangona ulusu lubonelela ngokhuseleko oluthile, ukudibana okude okanye okubanzi kunye sodium cyanide inokuvumela imichiza ukuba ingene eluswini kwaye ingene egazini. Oku kuyinyani ngakumbi ukuba ulusu luphukile, ludliwe, okanye ludibene namanzi, njengoko lunokuphucula ukufunxa kwe-cyanide.

Iimpawu zetyhefu ezibukhali

1. Iimpawu zokuqala: Amaxhoba asenokuqalisa ngokukhawuleza iimpawu, aqale ngentloko ebuhlungu, isiyezi, ubuthathaka, nokubhideka. Basenokuziva bephefumla nzima, bephefumla ngokukhawuleza, yaye intliziyo ibetha ngokukhawuleza. Kusenokubakho uphawu "almond-like" ivumba emphefumlweni, nangona ingenguye wonke umntu onokubona eli vumba.

2. Ukuqhubela phambili kweempawu: Njengoko ityhefu iqhubela phambili, iimpawu ziba mbi ngakumbi. Ukuxhuzula, ukulahlekelwa zingqondweni, kunye nokungaphumeleli kokuphefumla kunokwenzeka. Kwiimeko ezimbi kakhulu, ukubanjwa kwentliziyo kunokulandela, okukhokelela ekufeni kwimizuzu ukuya kwiiyure zokuvezwa, kuxhomekeke kwidosi kunye nendlela yokuvezwa.

Amanyathelo oNcedo lokuQala wokuVezwa kweSodium Cyanide

Izenzo ezikhawulezileyo kwiSigcawu

1. Qinisekisa ukhuseleko: Ngaphambi kokubonelela naluphi na uncedo lokuqala, umhlanguli kufuneka aqinisekise ukhuseleko lwakhe. Nxiba izixhobo ezifanelekileyo zokuzikhusela, ezinjengeeglavu, iiglasi, kunye nemaski yokuphefumla, ukunqanda ukuvezwa okwesibini kwicyanide. Ukuba i-exposure yenzeke kwindawo evaliweyo, yikhuphe indawo ngokukhawuleza kwaye uhambe emoyeni omtsha.

2. Biza iiNkonzo zoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo: Cofa inombolo yonxunguphalo yasekuhlaleni (umzekelo, 911 eUnited States) ngokukhawuleza. Ukubonelela ngolwazi olucacileyo malunga nobume be-exposure, inani elikrokrelwayo le-sodium cyanide echaphazelekayo, kunye nemeko yangoku yexhoba.

Uncedo lokuQala lokuPhumelela ngokuphefumla

1. Hambisa kuMoya oNtsha: Ukuba ixhoba liphefumle icyanide, khawuleza uzise kwindawo enomoya omtsha. Khulula naziphi na iimpahla eziqinileyo entanyeni, esifubeni, okanye esinqeni ukuphucula ukuphefumla. Gcina ixhoba lifudumele kwaye likhululekile.

2. Beka esweni Ukuphefumla: Qhubeka ubeke iliso ekuphefumleni kwexhoba. Ukuba ukuphefumla kuyekile okanye kuphazamiseke kakhulu, qalisa i-cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) ngoko nangoko ukuba uqeqeshelwe ukwenza oko. Sebenzisa isixhobo sokuthintela, esifana nesikhuselo sobuso, ukunqanda ukudibana nomlomo nempumlo yexhoba.

Uncedo lokuQala lokuVeliswa kokuTyelwa

1. Musa ukuGabha: Ngokuchaseneyo nezinye iityhefu, ukukhuthaza ukuhlanza akukhuthazwa ukuba kufakwe i-sodium cyanide. Oku kungenxa yokuba ukuhlanza kunokunyusa umngcipheko wokulangazelela i-cyanide - equlethe izinto kwimiphunga, enokuthi iqhube ngakumbi imeko.

2. Hlamba uMlomo: Ukuba ixhoba liyazi, hlambulula umlomo walo kakuhle ngamanzi ukuze ukhuphe nayiphi na i-sodium cyanide eseleyo. Musa ukunika ixhoba nantoni na yokutya okanye eselwayo ngaphandle kokuba uyalelwe ngabasebenzi bezonyango.

Uncedo lokuQala loKutyhileka kwesikhumba

1. Susa Impahla Engcolisekileyo: Ngokukhawuleza susa nayiphi na impahla edibene ne-sodium cyanide. Kulumkele ukusasaza ungcoliseko kwamanye amalungu omzimba okanye kumhlanguli.

2. Hlamba Ulusu: Geza indawo echaphazelekayo yesikhumba ngamanzi amaninzi ahambayo ubuncinane ubuncinane be-15 - 20 imizuzu. Sebenzisa isepha ethambileyo ukuba ikhona, kodwa kuphephe ukukhuhla ulusu ngamandla njengoko oku kunokonyusa ukufunxa. Emva kokuhlamba, gubungela indawo ngempahla ecocekileyo, eyomileyo.

Ukuqukumbela, i-sodium cyanide yinto enetyhefu kakhulu, kwaye nakuphi na ukuvezwa okukrokrelwayo kufuna inyathelo elikhawulezileyo. Ngokuqonda ubutyhefu bayo kunye nokuqhelana namanyathelo afanelekileyo oncedo lokuqala, sinako ukusindisa ubomi kwimeko kaxakeka.