Uphando malunga neNdlela yoBuyiselo lweCopper kwiCyanide Copper Plating Amanzi amdaka

1. intshayelelo

Ukuseka indlela yokufakelwa i-electroplating enobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo kunye nokonga izixhobo okwangoku zizinto ezimbini eziphambili zophuhliso oluzinzileyo lweshishini lokufakelwa i-electroplating. Kwimeko yokunqongophala kwezixhobo zesinyithi ezingenayo i-ferrous kwihlabathi kunye nokunyuka okuqhubekayo kweendleko zezinto zesinyithi zokufakelwa i-electroplating, ukwamkelwa kwetekhnoloji yokufakelwa i-electroplating yokonga izixhobo kuye kwatsala ingqalelo enkulu. Amashishini okufakelwa i-electroplating aseTshayina anembali emfutshane yophuhliso. Kwinqanaba lokuqala lophuhliso, bekukho ukunqongophala kwemali kunye netekhnoloji esemva. Uninzi lweefektri ezincinci zokufakelwa i-electroplating azinalo ulwazi malunga nokubuyiselwa kwezinto zesinyithi kumanzi amdaka okufakelwa i-electroplating, ingasathethwa ke ngophando malunga neendlela zokubuyisela. Kwi -cyanide copper plating kunye ne-copper alloy electroplating water, iiprecipitates ezenziwe yi-divalent copper emva kokuqhekeka kwe-cyanide ziisuntswana ezincinci, ezibangela ukuna okunzima kunye nokwahlukana kunye neendleko eziphezulu. Ke ngoko, kungxamisekile ukufunda iinkqubo ezintsha zokubuyisela.

2. Imigaqo-siseko

2.1 Ukucocwa kweCyanide Copper Plating kunye neCopper Alloy Waste Water

Kwinkqubo yendabuko yokuqhekeza i-cyanide kusetyenziswa i-sodium hypochlorite, i-pH yamanzi amdaka aqulethe i-cyanide kufuneka ilungiswe ibe yi-11 - 12. Ngokuqhelekileyo ngokongeza i-sodium hydroxide. Ngexesha lenkqubo yokuqhekeza i-cyanide, i-cyanide iguqulwa ibe yiCarbon dioxide kunye ne-nitrogen, kwaye ii-ion ze-monovalent copper ziyaxutywa zibe yi-diode ze-copper ezidivalent, ezithi emva koko zenze amasuntswana amancinci e-basic copper carbonate exhonywe emanzini amdaka. Ukufakwa kwendalo kwe-sedimentation kuthatha ixesha elingaphezu kosuku lonke kwaye akukakwazi ukufumana imvula epheleleyo. Inani elikhulu le-coagulant aid kunye ne-flocculant ziyafuneka ukuze kufunyanwe imvula epheleleyo kunye nokwahlukana. Kwixesha elidlulileyo, xa i-copper ingafunyanwanga, amanzi amdaka emva kokuqhekeka kwe-cyanide ayexutywa namanzi amdaka aqulathe i-acid, awayephathwa ngendlela yelame. I-basic copper carbonate yayifunxwa kwiindawo ezimanzi amdaka kwaye ekugqibeleni yahlulwe yaza yahlulwa.

Inkqubo entsha yokuqhawula icyanide kukongeza ikalika ukulungisa ipH. Ikharbon diokside eveliswa ngexesha lokuqhekeka kwecyanide idibana nekhalsiyam oxide yenze icalcium carbonate. Ngelo xesha, i-copper carbonate esisiseko i-co-precipitates kunye ne-calcium carbonate ukwenza i-particle precipitates enkulu.

2.2 Ukucocwa kwamanye aManzi amdaka anoKhopolo

I-ion ze-divalent zekopha kumanzi amdaka obhedu akhazimlayo obumuncu adibana nekalika ukwenza i-hydroxide yobhedu, kwaye iasidi yesulfuric idibana nekalika yenze i-calcium sulfate kunye namanzi. Kumanzi amdaka e-pyrophosphate yobhedu, i-pyrophosphate radical kunye ne-ion zobhedu zikhona ngendlela eyinkimbinkimbi. Xa iphathwa ngekalika, i-pyrophosphate radical idibana ne-calcium oxide ukuze yenze i-calcium pyrophosphate precipitate, kwaye ii-ion ze-copper zidibana ne-calcium oxide zenze i-copper hydroxide.

3. Inkqubo yoBuyiselo

3.1 Ukwenziwa kwaManzi amdaka anoKhopolo

Amanzi amdaka ane-copper aquka iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ezifana ne-cyanide copper plating, i-copper-zinc alloy, i-copper-tin alloy, i-acidic bright copper plating, kunye ne-copper pyrophosphate plating water. I-Cyanide copper plating, i-copper-zinc alloy, kunye ne-copper-tin alloy water angena kwi-cyanide-containing water adjustment tank, ngelixa i-acidic bright copper plating kunye ne-copper pyrophosphate plating water angena kwi-copper-containing water adjustment tank. I-Cyanide copper plating kunye ne-copper alloy water aqulethe izinto ezidibanisayo ezifana ne -Sodium cyanide , i-potassium sodium tartrate, kunye ne-ammonium thiocyanate, ezenza ii-complexes ezine-copper ions. Amanzi amdaka ane-copper pyrophosphate plating aqulethe i-copper pyrophosphate complexes. I-Cyanide copper plating kunye ne-copper alloy water aqulethe malunga ne-90% yamanzi amdaka apheleleyo ane-copper, ngelixa i-acidic bright copper plating kunye ne-copper pyrophosphate plating water aqulethe malunga ne-10%.

3.2 Inkqubo ye-Oxidation yeCopper Complexes

Ngaphambi kokubuyisela ubhedu, kuyimfuneko ukuphula iikhompleksi zobhedu kumanzi amdaka e-electroplating kunye ne-oxidize i-Cu⁺ ion kwi-Cu²⁺ ion. Indlela edibeneyo yesisombululo se-sodium hypochlorite kunye ne-hydrogen peroxide isetyenziselwa ukuphula i-cyanide kunye ne-complexing agents ezifana ne-potassium sodium tartrate. Kukho amatanki amathathu aqhekeza icyanide. Amanzi amdaka anecyanide kunye namanzi amdaka anobhedu ampontshelwa kwitanki yokuqhekeza icyanide yenqanaba lokuqala. Ubisi lwekalika longezwa ukulungisa i-pH ukuya kwi-11 - 12. kwaye umlinganiselo wokongeza wobisi lwekalika ulungelelaniswa yinkqubo yokulawula i-pH. Ngelo xesha, isisombululo se-sodium hypochlorite songezwa ukuphula i-cyanide. I-hydrogen peroxide yongezwa kwi-tank yenqanaba lesibini lokuqhekeza i-cyanide ukuqhubeka nokuphula i-cyanide kunye ne-oxidizing agents ezifana ne-potassium sodium tartrate. Ngenxa yokucotha kwesantya sokusabela, itanki yenqanaba lesithathu lokuqhekeza icyanide yongezwa. Kwinqanaba lesithathu le-cyanide-breaking tank, ukususwa kwe-cyanide kunye ne-complexing agents ezifana ne-potassium sodium tartrate ihlolwe ngokweenkcukacha zohlalutyo lweekhemikhali kunye namava. Ngokugqitywa kwe-oxidation reaction, i-Cu⁺ emanzini amdaka iguqulwa ngokupheleleyo ibe yi-Cu²⁺, kwaye isiseko se-carbonate yethusi kunye ne-hydroxide yobhedu yenziwa. Ngethuba le nkqubo, emva kokuba i-pyrophosphate i-plating yamanzi amdaka isabela nge-lime, i-complex eyenziwe ngobhedu kunye ne-pyrophosphate radical iphukile, kwaye i-hydroxide yethusi yenziwe. Idatha yohlalutyo ibonisa ukuba le nkqubo inokwenza amanzi amdaka ahlangabezane nemigangatho yokukhupha. Ukongeza ikalika ukulungisa i-pH kunye ne-ion ze-copper precipitate kunciphisa iindleko zonyango, kwaye ikalika nayo idlala indima yokuncedisa i-coagulant kwaye ibeka ngokupheleleyo i-pyrophosphate radical.

3.3 Ukubuyiswa kobhedu

Kule nkqubo ingentla, ii-ion zobhedu kumanzi amdaka e-electroplating ziguqulwa zibe yi-copper carbonate precipitates. Ukuba isixa sekalika esongeziweyo sikhulu, i-ion zobhedu zinokuguqulwa zibe yi-copper hydroxide precipitates. Njengoko ikalika ifuneka ukukhawulezisa i-pyrophosphate radical kumanzi amdaka e-pyrophosphate yobhedu, isixa sekalika esongeziweyo asinakuba sincinci kakhulu. Iindleko zekalika ziphantsi kakhulu, kwaye zinokongezwa ngokugqithisileyo okufanelekileyo ngexesha lenkqubo yonyango.

Emva kokuba i-cyanide ene-cyanide kunye ne-copper-containing-containing waters iphathwa kwii-tank ezintathu ze-cyanide-breaking, zigeleza kwi-tank ye-flocculation. I-sodium pyrosulfite yongezwa kwitanki ye-flocculation ukunciphisa i-peroxide ye-hydrogen engaphezulu, kunye ne-polyacrylamide flocculant yongezwa ukwenza amasuntswana e-precipitate akhule kakhulu. Ukuba i-sodium pyrosulfite ayifakwanga kwitanki ye-flocculation, i-hydrogen peroxide eseleyo emva kokuphulwa kwe-cyanide iyabola ukuvelisa i-oksijini, ebhengezwa kumphezulu we-precipitate particles kwaye ibangela ukuba i-precipitates idada. Ubungakanani be-sodium pyrosulfite eyongeziweyo kufuneka ibe yinto yokuba i-precipitates ayifuni ukudada, kwaye ukugqithisa okufanelekileyo kuyamkeleka.

Emva kokudlula kwi-tank ye-flocculation, amanzi amdaka ageleza kwi-tank sedimentation ye-tube. Emva kokuba i-precipitates ihlulwe emanzini, ingena kwi-sedimentation thickening tank, ize ihluzwe ngesihluzo sokucoca. Ikhekhe lokucoca libuyiselwe, kwaye i-filtrate ibuyela kwitanki yokulungelelanisa. Ikeyiki yesihluzi esifunyenweyo esiqulathe ubhedu ithengwa yinkampani yobuchwephesha kwaye ithunyelwe kumvelisi oyingcali ukuvelisa isulfate yobhedu okanye ingasetyenziselwa ukuvelisa ubhedu lwe-electrolytic.

4. Izibonelelo

Amanzi amdaka anekopolo aveliswa kwiindawo ezine zokusebenzela zokufaka i-electroplating. Idatha yohlalutyo kunye nokubeka esweni ibonisa ukuba uxinaniso oluphakathi lobhedu emanzini amdaka eCyanide copper plating yi-345mg/L, oko kukuthi, itoni nganye yamanzi amdaka ine-0.345kg yobhedu. Isixa sisonke samanzi amdaka e-cyanide copper plating ngenyanga simalunga ne-4600t, equlethe i-1587kg yobhedu. Kunye nobhedu kwamanye amanzi amdaka anekopolo, malunga ne-1700kg yobhedu inokufunyanwa ngenyanga. Ingeniso yenyanga yenkampani ngokuthengisa udaka olunekopolo yi-RMB 30.000 - 40.000. Ukufunyanwa kobhedu yinkampani emanzini amdaka e-electroplating kuthintela ukusetyenziswa okungafanelekanga kobhedu lwesinyithi, kungekuphela nje ukunciphisa iindleko zokufaka i-electroplating kodwa kunye nokunciphisa ungcoliseko lwesibini lwedaka le-electroplating kwindalo esingqongileyo, ukufikelela kwiingenelo ezilungileyo kwezoqoqosho nakwezentlalo.

5. Isiphelo

Ishishini le-electroplating lishishini elingcolisa kakhulu. Kwimeko yangoku apho iinkqubo zonyango kunye nobuchwepheshe bamanzi amdaka e-electroplating e-China zibuyele ngasemva, ukufunda ngokukhutheleyo iindlela zokubuyisela isinyithi esingenantsimbi emanzini amdaka e-electroplating kubaluleke kakhulu ekusekeni imo ye-electroplating yobutyebi kunye nokusingqongileyo kunye nokugcina uphuhliso oluzinzileyo loshishino lwe-electroplating. Indlela yokuphatha i-cyanide copper plating kunye namanye amanzi amdaka aqukethe ubhedu ukubuyisela ubhedu usebenzisa ikalika efundwe kweli phepha ibonise iziphumo ezilungileyo kwizicelo ezisebenzayo, ibonelela ngendlela enokwenzeka yophuhliso oluluhlaza kushishino lwe-electroplating.