UPhando kwi-Inhibition Mechanism yeSodium Cyanide kwiLead-Zinc Separation Flotation

1. intshayelelo

Kwicandelo lokucubungula izimbiwa, ukwahlulwa kweeleti kunye neeminerali ze-zinc kubaluleke kakhulu. Ukuqunjelwa kwefroth yindlela esetyenziswa kakhulu kolu hluko, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwezinto zokudambisa uxinzelelo ezifanelekileyo kubalulekile ekufezekiseni ukwahlulwa okusebenzayo. I-Sodium cyanide ibisoloko isetyenziswa kakhulu njenge-depressant kwi-lead-zinc separation flotation. Ukuqonda indlela yayo yokuthintela kubalulekile ekwenzeni ngcono inkqubo ye-flotation, ukuphucula ukusebenza kokwahlulwa, kunye nokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-reagent. Eli nqaku lijolise ekwenzeni uphando olucwangcisiweyo malunga nendlela yokuthintela i- Sodium cyanide kwi-flotation yokwahlula i-lead-zinc.

2. Indima yeZidakumba kwiFlotation

Kwinkqubo ye-foam flotation, i-depressants i-reagents enokuthintela okanye ukunciphisa i-adsorption okanye isenzo sabaqokeleli kumphezulu wamaminerali angajoliswanga kwaye enze ifilimu ye-hydrophilic kule ndawo yamaminerali. Kwi-flotation yokwahlukana kwe-lead-zinc, injongo ephambili kukwahlula iiminerali ezikhokelayo (ezifana ne-galena) kwi-zinc minerals (efana ne-sphalerite). Ngaphandle kokudakumba okusebenzayo, kulucelomngeni ukufezekisa ulwahlulo oluphezulu lokucoceka kuba zombini iiminerali ze-lead kunye ne-zinc zinokubonisa iindlela ezifanayo zokuziphatha phambi kwabaqokeleli.

3. I-Hydrolysis ye-Sodium Cyanide kunye noBudlelwane bayo kunye ne-pH

I-Sodium cyanide iyanyibilika emanzini, kwaye iimveliso ze-hydrolysis zinxulumene kakhulu nexabiso le-pH ye-pulp. Izifundo zovavanyo zibonise ukuba xa i-pulp pH iyi-7.0, phantse yonke i- Sodium Cyanide iyanyibilika ukuze yenze igesi ye-hydrogen cyanide. Xa i-pulp pH iyi-12.0, i-sodium cyanide iphantse yahlukana ngokupheleleyo ibe yi-ions ye-cyanide. Xa i-pulp pH iyi-9.3, umlinganiselo we-hydrogen cyanide kwi-ions ye-cyanide yi-1:1. Le ndlela yokuziphatha ye-hydrolysis exhomekeke kwi-pH ye-sodium cyanide ichaphazela kakhulu impembelelo yayo yokuthintela kwiiminerali.

4. Iindlela zokuThintela zeSodium Cyanide kwiSphalerite

4.1 Ukuchithwa kweFilimu ye-Copper Sulfide esebenzayo kwiSphalerite Surface

Xa i-sphalerite ivuliwe nge-sulfate yethusi, ifilimu ye-copper sulfide yenza ifilimu phezu kwayo, eyandisa i-floatability ye-sphalerite. I-sodium cyanide inokunyibilikisa le filimu ye-sulfide yethusi kwindawo ye-sphalerite. Nje ukuba ifilimu ye-copper sulfide inyibilikiswe, indawo yokuqala ye-sphalerite enokudada okungahambi kakuhle iyavezwa. Ngenxa yoko, kuba nzima ngakumbi kumqokeleli ukuba adsorb kumphezulu we-sphalerite, ethintela ngokufanelekileyo ukuhamba kwe-sphalerite.

4.2 Ukwenziwa kweFilimu yeHydrophilic kwiSphalerite Surface

I-cyanide ion kwi-sodium cyanide inokutshintshana-i-adsorb kunye nee-anions ezifana ne-sulfate ion kunye nezo zivela kubaqokeleli ezifana ne-xanthates kumphezulu we-sphalerite. Ngokomzekelo, xa usabela nge-zinc ion kwi-sphalerite surface, inokwenza ifilimu ye-hydrophilic zinc cyanide. Le filimu ye-hydrophilic ivimbela ukusebenzisana phakathi kwendawo ye-sphalerite kunye nomqokeleli, ukunciphisa i-adsorption yomqokeleli kwindawo ye-sphalerite, ngaloo ndlela ifezekisa injongo yokuvimbela ukujikeleza kwe-sphalerite.

4.3 Ukutshatyalaliswa - Ukuxakeka kweeMetal Xanthates

I-sodium cyanide inekhono elinamandla lokunyibilika kunye neyinkimbinkimbi kunye ne-xanthates zetsimbi, ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo abaqokeleli kwi-sulfide mineral flotation. Kwiiminerali ezinxulumene ne-zinc, i-xanthate-zinc complexes eyenziwe kwindawo ye-sphalerite ingachithwa yi-sodium cyanide. Ukuxutywa kwe-sodium cyanide kunye ne-ion zetsimbi kwi-xanthates kunciphisa ukudibanisa phakathi komqokeleli kunye ne-mineral surface, okubangela ukuba i-xanthates idibanise ukusuka kwi-sphalerite surface. Ngenxa yoko, i-floatability ye-sphalerite ivaliwe.

5. Ukukhethwa kweSodium Cyanide kwiiMinerals ezahlukeneyo

Ngokusekwe kwisakhono sesodium cyanide ukwenza ii-cyanide ezizinzileyo ezinesinyithi ezahlukeneyo, isinyithi esiqhelekileyo kunye neeminerali zazo zinokuhlelwa ngokwamaqela amathathu:

1. Iiminerali ze-lead, i-thallium, i-bismuth, i-antimony, i-arsenic, i-tin, i-rhodium : Ezi minerali azinakwenza ii-complexes ze-cyanide ezizinzileyo nge-sodium cyanide. Ngenxa yoko, i-sodium cyanide ayinayo impembelelo yokuthintela kwezi minerali. Kwi-flotation yokwahlulwa kwe-lead-zinc, le propati iqinisekisa ukuba iiminerali ze-lead azithintelwa yi-sodium cyanide kwaye zinokudada ngokufanelekileyo.

2. Iiminerali zeplatinum, i-MERCURY , isilivere, i-cadmium, i-copper : Ezi minerali zinokwenza ii-complexes ze-cyanide ezizinzileyo nge-sodium cyanide, kodwa kufuneka umthamo ophezulu we-sodium cyanide ukuze kufezekiswe ukuthintelwa. Kwimeko yokwahlulwa kwe-lead-zinc, ukuba kukho ukungcola okuqulethe i-copper kwi-ore, inani elikhulu le-sodium cyanide linokufuneka ukuthintela iiminerali ezinxulumene ne-copper kunye nokuthintela ukuphazamiseka kokwahlulwa kwe-lead kunye ne-zinc.

3. Iiminerali ze-zinc, i-nickel, igolide, isinyithi : Ezi minerali zinokwenza ii-cyanide complexes ezizinzileyo kakhulu nge-sodium cyanide. I-Sodium cyanide inefuthe elinamandla kakhulu lokuthintela ezi minerali, kwaye inani elincinci le-sodium cyanide linokubangela uthintelo olukhulu. Kwi-flotation yokwahlulwa kwe-lead-zinc, olu phawu luvumela uthintelo olusebenzayo lweeminerali ezine-iron (ezifana ne-pyrite) kunye neeminerali ezine-zinc, eziluncedo kwi-flotation ekhethiweyo yeeminerali ezine-lead.

6. Ukusetyenziswa okuSebenzayo kunye neeNgqwalasela

Kwimisebenzi ye-flotation yokwahlula i-lead-zinc, ukusetyenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide kufuna ukulungiswa ngononophelo. I-dosage ye-sodium cyanide kufuneka ihlengahlengiswe ngokwendlela ethile yokubunjwa kwe-ore, umxholo welothe kunye ne-zinc minerals, kunye nobukho bobunye ukungcola. Ukuba idosi iphantsi kakhulu, ukuvinjelwa kweeminerali ze-zinc kunye neeminerali ze-ganggue ezinxulumene nazo zinokungonelanga, okukhokelela ekugxininiseni okuphantsi kobunyulu. Ngokwahlukileyo, ukuba idosi iphezulu kakhulu, ayinyusi kuphela iindleko ze-reagent kodwa inokubangela iingxaki zokusingqongileyo ngenxa yetyhefu ye-cyanide.

Ngaphezu koko, ixabiso le-pH le-pulp, elichaphazela i-hydrolysis ye-sodium cyanide, kufuneka ilawulwe ngokungqongqo. Uluhlu lwe-pH olufanelekileyo lwe-lead-zinc yokwahlula i-flotation usebenzisa i-sodium cyanide ngokuqhelekileyo malunga ne-9 - 11. Ngaphakathi kolu luhlu lwe-pH, i-sodium cyanide ingaba khona ngendlela ehambelana nokuvinjelwa kweeminerali ze-zinc ngelixa unciphisa ukulahlekelwa kweeminerali ezikhokelayo ngenxa yokuthintela ngokugqithiseleyo.

7. Isiphelo

Isodium cyanide idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekwahlukaneni kwe-lead-zinc flotation ngokusebenzisa iindlela ezininzi zokuthintela. Ngokunyibilikisa ifilimu ye-copper sulfide esebenzayo kwi-sphalerite surface, yenza ifilimu ye-hydrophilic kwindawo ye-sphalerite, kunye ne-disolving-complexing metal xanthates, inqanda ngokufanelekileyo ukujikeleza kwamaminerali e-zinc. Ukukhethwa kwayo kwiiminerali ezahlukeneyo kunika isiseko sokwahlula i-lead kunye ne-zinc minerals. Nangona kunjalo, kwizicelo ezisebenzayo, izinto ezinjengolawulo lwedosi kunye nohlengahlengiso lwe-pH ye-pulp kufuneka ziqwalaselwe ngononophelo ukuze kuphunyezwe ukwahlulwa kwe-lead-zinc okusebenzayo, ukonga, kunye nokusingqongileyo. Uphando olongezelelweyo kule ndawo lunokugxila ekuphuhliseni ezinye iindlela ezisebenzayo kunye nezokusingqongileyo kwi-sodium cyanide ngelixa ugcina okanye uphucula ukwahlula kakuhle kweeminerali ze-lead-zinc.