Iindlela zokunyanga i-cyanide tailings nge-hydrogen peroxide

intshayelelo

Iintsalela zeCyanide ziimveliso ezenziwe kwimigodi yegolide nakwamanye amashishini asebenzisa i-cyanide kwinkqubo yokukhupha. Ngenxa yokubakho kweekhompawundi ze-cyanide ezinobuthi, iintsalela zeCyanide ziyingozi enkulu kwindalo esingqongileyo. Unyango lwe-hydrogen peroxide yindlela esebenzayo yokujongana nezi ntsalela. Eli nqaku liza kuhlola le ndlela yonyango ngokweenkcukacha.

Umgaqo woNyango lwe-Hydrogen Peroxide

I-hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) yiarhente enamandla yokuxoza. Xa kunyangwa i-cyanide tailings, umgaqo osisiseko kukuba i-hydrogen peroxide isabela kunye nee-cyanide compounds kwindawo ene-alkaline (ngesiqhelo ene-pH ye-10 - 11). Ixutywe zizinto (ngesiqhelo i-copper ions, i-Cu²⁺), ezi mpendulo zilandelayo zenzeka:

I-Cyanide (CN⁻) i-oxidized to cyanate (CNO⁻). Impendulo inokubonakaliswa ngokulula ngolu hlobo:

2CN⁻ + 5H₂O₂ + 2OH⁻ → 2CNO⁻ + 6H₂O

Phantsi kweemeko ezithile, i-cyanate inokusabela ngakumbi kwaye ibole ibe zizinto ezingenabungozi kangako, ezifana ne-ammonia (NH₃), i-Carbon dioxide (CO₂), kunye ne-nitrogen (N₂).

CNO⁻ + 2H₂O → NH₃ + HCO₃⁻

Emva koko, i-ammonia inokuphinda ifakwe kwi-oxid okanye iguquke phantsi kweemeko ezifanelekileyo zokusingqongileyo.

Amanyathelo oNyango

Ukulungiswa kweSlurry yeTailings : Okokuqala, i-cyanide tailings kufuneka yenziwe ibe yi-slurry. Oku kudla ngokwenziwa ngokongeza amanzi kwi-tailings uze uwaxube kakuhle kwisitya esifanelekileyo (njengetanki enkulu yokuxuba). Ukuhambelana kwe-slurry kuyalungiswa ukuqinisekisa ukudibana okuhle phakathi kwe-hydrogen peroxide kunye namasuntswana ane-cyanide.

Uhlengahlengiso lwe-pH : I-pH ye-cyanide tailings slurry ihlengahlengiswa ukuya kuluhlu olufanelekileyo lwe-alkaline, ngesiqhelo i-pH 10 - 11. Eli nyathelo libalulekile kuba i-oxidation reaction ye-hydrogen peroxide ene-cyanide ixhomekeke kakhulu kwixabiso le-pH. I-Lime (Ca(OH)₂) okanye i-sodium hydroxide (NaOH) isetyenziswa rhoqo ukwandisa i-pH.

Ukongezwa kweCatalyst : Ii-catalysts ezisekelwe kwiCopper, ezifana neCopper sulfate (CuSO₄), zongezwa kwi-slurry. Ii-ion zeCopper zinokuvuselela impendulo phakathi kwe-hydrogen peroxide kunye ne-cyanide, nto leyo ekhawulezisa kakhulu izinga lokuphendula. Uxinzelelo lwee-ion zeCopper kwi-slurry luhlala lulawulwa malunga ne-50 mg/L. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba i-tailings sele ine-copper eyaneleyo okanye ezinye izinto ezibangela i-catalytic, ukongezwa kwe-catalyst eyongezelelweyo kusenokungabi yimfuneko.

Ukongeza iHydrogen Peroxide : Emva koko, ihydrogen peroxide yongezwa kwi-slurry. Ubungakanani behydrogen peroxide eyongeziweyo buxhomekeke kubungakanani becyanide kwi-tailings. Umlinganiselo we-molar wehydrogen peroxide kwi-cyanide ngokubanzi ukwi-3:1 - 8:1. Umzekelo, ukuba umxholo we-cyanide kwi-tailings uphezulu, kufuneka umlinganiselo ophezulu we-hydrogen peroxide. I-hydrogen peroxide kufuneka yongezwe kancinci ngokuxuba rhoqo ukuqinisekisa ukusasazwa okufanayo kunye nokuphendula okupheleleyo.

Ukusabela kunye nokuVuselela : Udaka luvuselelwa rhoqo ngexesha lokusabela ukuqinisekisa unxibelelwano olwaneleyo phakathi kwee-reactants. Ixesha lokuphendula liyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuxinzelelo lokuqala lwe-cyanide kunye neenjongo zonyango, ngokubanzi kungabi ngaphantsi kweyure eyi-1 ukuya kwezi-2. Ngeli xesha, i-hydrogen peroxide i-oxidize i-cyanide ibe ziimveliso ezingenabungozi kangako.

Ukwahlulwa kolwelo oluqinileyo : Emva kokuba impendulo igqityiwe, ukwahlulwa kolwelo oluqinileyo kwenziwa kwi-slurry ecociweyo. Oku kunokufezekiswa ngeendlela ezifana ne-sedimentation kwi-thickener elandelwa kukucoca kusetyenziswa i-filter press. I-solid ehlukanisiweyo (oko kukuthi, i-tailings ecociweyo) ingalahlwa ngokukhuselekileyo, umzekelo, igcinwe edamini le-tailings elifakwe kakuhle nelijongiweyo. I-filtrate, ene-cyanide kunye nezinye izinto ezinciphileyo, inokulungiswa ngakumbi okanye isetyenziswe kwakhona kwinkqubo yemveliso ukuba iimeko ziyavuma.

Imiba echaphazela ukuSebenza ngoNyango

Uxinzelelo lweHydrogen Peroxide : Okukhona uxinzelelo lwehydrogen peroxide luphezulu, kokukhona isiphumo se-oxidation kwi-cyanide singcono. Nangona kunjalo, ukusetyenziswa kakhulu kwehydrogen peroxide akunyusi nje iindleko kodwa kunokubangela neempendulo ezingalindelekanga kunye neengxaki ezinokubakho kwindalo.

Ixabiso le-pH : Njengoko kukhankanyiwe apha ngasentla, ixabiso le-pH lenkqubo yokusabela linempembelelo enkulu kwisantya sokusabela kunye nokusebenza kakuhle. Ukuphambuka kuluhlu lwe-pH olufanelekileyo lwe-10 - 11 kuya kucothisa isantya se-oxidation reaction ye-cyanide yi-hydrogen peroxide.

Uxinzelelo lweCatalyst : Uxinzelelo lwe-catalyst esekelwe kwi-copper luchaphazela izinga lokusabela. Ukuba uxinzelelo lwe-catalyst luphantsi kakhulu, impendulo inokuba kancinci kakhulu; ukuba iphezulu kakhulu, inokubangela ezinye ii-chemical reactions ezintsonkothileyo kwaye inyuse neendleko.

Ixesha lokuphendula : Ixesha elaneleyo lokuphendula liyafuneka ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-cyanide inyibilika ngokupheleleyo kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Ixesha elaneleyo lokuphendula liya kubangela ukuba i-cyanide eseleyo ihlale kwi-tailings enyangiweyo.

Uxinzelelo lokuqala lweCyanide : Okukhona uxinzelelo lokuqala lwe-cyanide luphezulu kwimisila, kokukhona kunzima ukufumana unyango olupheleleyo, kwaye kunokufuneka ixesha elide lokuphendula nge-hydrogen peroxide.

Izinto eziluncedo ngoNyango lweHydrogen Peroxide

Ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-Oxidation : I-hydrogen peroxide inokwenza i-oxidize ngokufanelekileyo kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-cyanide, kuquka i-free cyanide kunye nezinye ii-metal-cyanide complexes, nto leyo enciphisa kakhulu ubuthi bee-cynide tailings.

Inkqubo Elula Kakhulu : Xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iindlela zonyango lwe-cyanide (ezifana nokuchithwa kweekhemikhali ezintsonkothileyo okanye iindlela zonyango lwebhayoloji), inkqubo yonyango lwe-hydrogen peroxide ilula kwaye kulula ukuyisebenzisa.

Umngcipheko Ophantsi Wongcoliseko Lwesibini : Iimveliso eziphuma kwi-hydrogen peroxide oxidation reaction azinabungozi kangako. I-cyanate yemveliso ephakathi inokubola ngakumbi ibe zizinto ezingenabungozi, kwaye i-hydrogen peroxide ngokwayo ibola ibe ngamanzi kunye neoksijini, nto leyo enciphisa umngcipheko wongcoliseko lwesibini.

Ukusetyenziswa Okubanzi : Le ndlela iyasebenza kuzo zombini iindawo zokwemba ezincinci kunye nezityalo ezinkulu zoshishino, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe lukhetho olusebenzisekayo lokunyanga i-cyanide tailings.

case Studies

Inkampani Yokwemba Igolide : Inkampani yemigodi yegolide ekwindawo ethile yayine-cyanide tailings eninzi ene-cyanide concentration ephezulu. Bamkele indlela yokunyanga i-hydrogen peroxide. Ngokuphucula iiparameter zenkqubo, kuquka ukulungisa i-pH ukuya kwi-10.5. ukongeza i-copper sulfate kuxinzelelo lwe-50 mg/L njenge-catalyst, besebenzisa i-hydrogen peroxide - ukuya kwi-cyanide molar ratio ye-5:1. kunye nokwenza i-reaction yeyure eyi-1.5, banciphise ngempumelelo i-cyanide concentration kwi-tailings ukuya kumanqanaba angaphantsi kakhulu kwemigangatho yolawulo. I-tailings ephathwayo igcinwe ngokukhuselekileyo echibini le-tailings, kwaye i-filtrate yaphinda yasetyenziswa kwinkqubo ye-mineing, nto leyo eyanciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi.

Umsebenzi Wokwemba Omncinci : Umsebenzi wokwemba igolide omncinci kwindawo ekude nawo ujongene nengxaki ye-cyanide-equlethe i-tailings. Ngenxa yezixhobo ezinqongopheleyo, xa kujongwa ubulula bayo bokusebenza, bakhethe indlela yokunyanga i-hydrogen peroxide. Ngokulawula ngononophelo ubungakanani be-hydrogen peroxide eyongeziweyo ngokomxholo we-cyanide oqikelelweyo kwi-tailings, ukulungisa i-pH ngelayimu ekhoyo kwindawo, kunye nokusebenzisa isixhobo esilula sokuxuba, banciphise ngempumelelo ubuthi be-cyanide kwi-tailings. Nangona isikali sonyango sasincinci, sanele ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokusingqongileyo zasekuhlaleni zokulahla i-tailings, ukukhusela okusingqongileyo okungqongileyo kungcoliseko olunokwenzeka lwe-cyanide.

Ukuqapha

Ukuphathwa Ngokukhuselekileyo kweHydrogen Peroxide : IHydrogen peroxide sisithako esinamandla sokuxovula kwaye sinokuba yingozi kakhulu ukuba asiphathwanga kakuhle. Abasebenzi ababandakanyekayo kwinkqubo yonyango kufuneka banxibe izixhobo zokuzikhusela ezifanelekileyo, ezifana neeglavu, iiglasi zokukhusela, kunye neempahla zokukhusela. Ukugcinwa kwehydrogen peroxide kufuneka kuhambelane nemigaqo yokhuseleko ukuthintela ukubola ngengozi okanye ukudibana nezinto ezinokutsha.

Ukubeka iliso ngokuchanekileyo : Ukubeka iliso rhoqo kwinkqubo yokusabela kubalulekile. Oku kuquka ukubeka iliso kwixabiso le-pH ye-slurry ngexesha lokusabela, ubuninzi be-hydrogen peroxide kunye ne-cyanide, kunye nobushushu bokusabela. Kufuneka kwenziwe iisampulu kunye nohlalutyo rhoqo ukuqinisekisa ukuba inkqubo yonyango iyaqhubeka njengoko bekulindelwe kwaye kwenziwe uhlengahlengiso ngexesha elifanelekileyo ukuba kuyimfuneko.

Ukulahlwa kweeNtsalela eziNyangiweyo : Nokuba sele zilungisiwe, iintsilela eziqinileyo kufuneka zigcinwe echibini eliqhelekileyo leentsilela elihlangabezana nemigangatho yokusingqongileyo. Ichibi leentsilela kufuneka libe nesakhiwo esifanelekileyo sokuthintela ukuvuza kwezinto ezinobungozi eziseleyo emhlabeni nasemanzini angaphantsi komhlaba.

Uvavanyo lweMpembelelo kwiNdalo : Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa indlela yokunyanga i-hydrogen peroxide, kufuneka kwenziwe uvavanyo olupheleleyo lwempembelelo kwindalo ukuze kuvavanywe impembelelo enokubakho emoyeni, emanzini, kumgangatho womhlaba, kunye nakwindalo ejikelezileyo. Olu vavanyo lunceda ukuphucula inkqubo yonyango kwaye luqinisekise ukuthotyelwa kwemigaqo yokusingqongileyo.

Ukuqukumbela, indlela yonyango ye-hydrogen peroxide ibonelela ngesisombululo esisebenzayo nesisebenzayo kunyango lwemisila ye-cyanide. Ngokuqonda umgaqo wayo, ukulandela amanyathelo onyango achanekileyo, ukuqwalasela izinto ezichaphazelayo, kunye nokuthatha izilumkiso eziyimfuneko, le ndlela inokunciphisa kakhulu ingozi yokusingqongileyo eyenziwa yi-cyanide tailings, igalelo kuphuhliso oluzinzileyo lweshishini lemigodi kunye nokukhuselwa kwendalo.